上海水稻精量机械穴直播技术研究与应用

以上海地区主推水稻品种为材料,在精量机械穴直播条件下,开展了不同类型水稻品种的小区试验和示范,明确了精量机械穴直播水稻的生育特性、抗倒伏性、群体建成和产量表现,并分析了采用水稻精量机械穴直播后土壤的微生物群落结构的变化和水稻生产经济效益。试验示范结果表明,精量机械穴直播水稻生育期明显缩短,单株分蘖力强,群体结构合理,穗粒结构协调,干物质积累多,抗倒能力较强,增产优势明显,节本低耗,生产效率显著提高,是目前极具生产潜力的一种新型高效低耗种植模式,适合上海都市农业发展的需求,也顺应了水稻低碳种植发展趋势,具有广阔的应用前景。     

马铃薯气力精量播种机设计与试验

针对目前中国马铃薯播种机普遍存在作业速度慢、精度低、重漏播率高等关键问题,根据中国北方马铃薯一季作区大规模、大面积和高效精量播种的农艺要求,该文研制了一种马铃薯气力式精量播种机,该机一次作业可完成马铃薯开沟、侧深分层施肥、高速播种和覆土等多项功能。设计了气吸式马铃薯播种机多臂均布式排种器结构、分体式滑刀开沟器、排种器风机和动态供种装置;确定了包括配气阀、吸种臂及2种(常规薯、微型薯)吸种嘴的排种器关键部件的结构参数。田间生产试验表明,马铃薯气力精量播种机作业速度可达到10.2 km/h,播种早出苗2~3 d,同苗率达到96%。200 hm2的生产应用表明,本文所研制的马铃薯气力精量播种机重播率≤1%,漏播率≤1%,株距变异系数≤10%,同苗率96%,均超过国家标准且满足马铃薯田间种植的农艺要求,为中国马铃薯机械化播种提供了一种新技术、新装备和新方法。     

黄杞容器扦插繁殖技术试验研究

通过正交试验设计L9（34）深入研究了使用不同种类生根促进剂（H ）来处理母株不同采插穗部位的插穗（F ）和插穗不同基部下切口型（E ）对黄杞扦插生根率、生根数及生根长的影响差异。试验结果表明：采用生根促进剂ABT －1＃（H1）＋母株下部采的插穗（F3）＋基部下切口型为双削面（E2）,即 H1 F3 E2组合试验效果最好,其平均生根率高达86．8％、平均生根数8．8条、平均生根长达18．6cm。     

胆木硬枝扦插育苗研究

以1年生胆木萌芽条作试验材料,对不同径段、不同生根剂种类和浓度及不同基质进行生根培养试验。结果表明:本试验研究范围内比较理想的生根剂种类为ABT-1,浓度为800倍溶液,适合扦插的插穗径段为0.5～1.0cm,最好的基质为砖红壤土。     

Describing Polygonum aviculare emergence in different tillage systems

Effects of four tillage systems (direct drill, subsoiler, chisel plough and mouldboard plough) on the dynamics of Polygonum aviculare populations were studied over three growing seasons. Cumulative emergence on a weekly basis was determined. Cumulative emergence from two years of chisel ploughing was used to develop an emergence model for P. aviculare based on hydrothermal time. Results showed that direct drilling, which had the highest seed yields of winter cereal crops every season, was the unique soil management system that lowered P. aviculare populations because of effective weed emergence reduction. The model accurately described seedling emergence in different tillage systems, although it failed in direct drilling, probably due to very low numbers of emerged seedlings. To better control this weed, direct drilling may be the best tillage option, but if this cannot be implemented, the hydrothermal time model is a practical tool that can describe the relative proportions of emergence and assist in the timing for management operations of P. aviculare in different tillage systems.     

春蚕一日一回育试养初探

2015年春 ,河南蚕业科学研究院进行了"豫花×湘明"蚕品种全龄一日一回育养蚕试验.结果显示 ,一日一回育龄期经过缩短2d,节约工时 ,节约桑叶 ,通过改进技术措施后产茧量和蚕茧质量能达到普通育基本水平.     

樱梅嫩枝扦插育苗技术

总结了樱梅嫩枝扦插育苗技术,包括圃地选择、设施建设、插条采集与处理、扦插、肥水运筹、温湿度与通风管理、病虫害防治、扦插苗炼苗与越冬等内容,以期对樱梅的栽培提供技术参考。     

Rooting of baldcypress cuttings

A test of the rooting performance and growth of cuttings from 1-year-old and 25-to 50-year old baldcypress (Taxodium distichum L.) branch tips is reported. Rooting of cuttings from one-year-old trees averaged 75% (0.1% IBA treatment) and 88% (control), cuttings from 25 to 50-year-old trees averaged 12% in both the IBA treatment and the control treatment. Indole-3-butyric acid at a 0.1% concentration did not enhance rooting, but resulted in a significant increase in shoot dry weight on cuttings from one-year-old trees. The results of this experiment suggest that cuttings from mature baldcypres trees have the potential to root, thereby, additional rooting techniques such as girdling and stump sprouts is worthy of pursuing.     

Restoration of the mangrove vegetation in the Mahanadi delta,Orissa, India

In India, mangroves occupy 6740 km² of which the Mahanadi delta andBhitarkanika mangrove forests of Orissa cover 191.44 km², most of whichhas been severely overexploited. World wide concern to conserve mangrovesnecessitated propagation of mangroves to re-establish them on barren andswampy land along tidal creeks around Paradeep port of Orissa. Avicenniaofficinalis, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera parviflora, B. sexangula,Ceriops decandra, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera fomes, Kandelia candel,Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia apetala were vegetatively propagated andplanted over 10 ha of degraded salt-marshy wetlands of Mahanadi delta inpure and mixed stands depending on the intensity and the frequency of tidalinundation at the experimental site. Survival was significantly higher(80%) in S. apetala followed by A. officinalis, R. mucronata, K.candel and H. fomes (70–75%). S. apetala recorded the maximumgrowth in height (3.0 m after 2 years) whereas C. decandra showed theminimum growth (0.5 m). Growth performance was better with plants in mixedstands than the plantation with single species. This gives us hope topropagate and re-establish mangroves for conservation in scientificallymanaged plantations in a physiologically arid environment.     

尾叶桉等植物叶提取液对几种植物插条生根和种子萌发的影响

尾叶桉等植物叶提取液对几种植物插条生根和种子萌发的影响＊黄卓烈林韶湘谭绍满林松煜杨国清莫晓勇关键词尾叶桉落地生根紫竹梅水竹草插条生根种子萌发桉树是相当难生根的植物。当用桉树的成熟枝条扦插时成功率极低［１］，甚至成活率为零［２］。柳树和杨树则是较容易生...