花生壳黄酮的提取纯化工艺

本文采用酶法预处理结合超声波辅助提取的方式，最大程度地提高了花生壳总黄酮的得率，并优化大孔树脂纯化工艺，提高了有效成分的纯度。花生壳黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：花生壳粉与水混合，半纤维素酶与木聚糖酶按1:1（m/m）复配，用量0.25‰，50℃酶解30 min后，按料液比1:20（m/V）加入乙醇至终浓度60%，于功率1000 W，55℃超声波辅助提取60 min，花生壳总黄酮的得率约为2.5%。选用D101型大孔树脂，上样缓冲液为pH 5.0的60%乙醇溶液，洗脱液为pH 10.0的70% 乙醇溶液，上样与洗脱流速为0.75 BV/h和1.5 BV/h。纯化后的花生壳总黄酮和木犀草素的纯度分别为10.54%和5.85%，提高了90%和120%。     

乌鲁木齐市冬春两季宠物源葡萄球菌的耐药性及耐药基因比较

采用琼脂稀释法,检测从乌鲁木齐市部分宠物医院冬季和春季分离鉴定的154株宠物源葡萄球菌(冬季75株、春季79株)对临床常用的12种抗菌药物(阿米卡星、克林霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、四环素、利福平、恩诺沙星、青霉素、苯唑西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢噻呋、左氧氟沙星)的耐药性;通过卡方检验,比较供试菌耐药性差异;采用PCR方法,检测葡萄球菌的5类9种耐药基因。对抗菌药物的耐药结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌对苯唑西林和青霉素的耐药率高于90.0%,对头孢噻呋和四环素的耐药率高于50.0%;春季葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率达92.4%,对苯唑西林和氟苯尼考耐药率高于80.0%。卡方检验结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌仅对苯唑西林的耐药率显著高于春季葡萄球菌(P0.05);春季葡萄球菌对氟苯尼考、利福平、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率均显著高于冬季葡萄球菌(P0.05)。多药耐药差异性结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在1～3耐;春季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在4、6、9耐。基因检测结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有ermB(40.0%,30/75)和fexA(22.7%,17/75);春季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有fexA(39.3%,31/79)和femA(20.3%,16/79),冬、春季葡萄球菌均未检出cfr、fexB和tetA基因。     

古泰山女儿茶考述

泰山女儿茶,是中国古代北方茶区的特色。笔者在对泰山女儿茶的古籍文献进行梳理的基础上,探究了泰山女儿茶的植物种类,并为"《红楼梦》中提到的女儿茶是泰山女儿茶"这一观点提供了论据。     

Using Chlorella vulgaris and iron oxide nanoparticles in a designed bioreactor for aquaculture effluents purification

Aquaculture operations produce high volumes of wastewater containing suspended solids and nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Treatment of water effluent from fish production ponds is essential for sustain environment. So, the present study was conducted to evaluate simultaneous use of microalgae and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) to purify aquaculture effluents within a designed bioreactor. For designing experiment, effluent samples were collected from fish farms in Sari, Iran. Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared from Iranian Nano Pishgaman Company. Chlorella vulgaris was captured from the environment, then purified and cultured in the laboratory. After that, NP and microalgae were transferred to the reactor space. TSS (total suspended solid), TDS (total dissolved solid), BOD (biological oxygen demand), pH (power of hydrogen), EC (electrical conductivity), NO₃ (nitrates), NO₂ (nitrite), NH₄, (ammonium) and PO₄ (phosphates) were measured during the experiment period which NH₄ (93.67 %), NO₃ (92.23 %), NO₂ (89.3 %), and PO₄ (89.25 %) showed the highest reduction percentage, respectively. Also, significant differences among the calculated parameters (except for pH) were observed during the experiment (P < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the simultaneous use of microalgae and nanoparticles is desirable for purification of aquaculture wastewaters.     

农业转移人口子女语言状况与城市融合——以合肥市调查为例

农业转移人口子女进入城市后所面临的语码选择、家庭语言规划等语言问题与该群体的城市融合之间具有一定的相关性。对合肥两所小学的调查发现，普通话在该群体语言使用和家庭语言规划中具有较高的取向度，而合肥话与该群体的城市融合之间具有更强相关性。语言取向度高的原因在于合肥言语社区中普通话社区的互动人口和设施建设更加完善，而合肥话与城市融合的相关性更强则体现了语言认同在城市融合中的重要作用，也证明了提高城市方言取向度是促进城市融合的有效途径。     

沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验选择120只1日龄罗斯308商品肉鸡随机分为4个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分为AWEⅠ组、AWEⅡ组和AWEⅢ组,分别在基础日粮中添加100、300和500 mg/kg沙葱乙醇提取物(AWE),研究其对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明,沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响(P0.05),但有促进日增重、提高采食量及降低料肉比等指标的趋势。     

Accounting for unknown foster dams in the genetic evaluation of embryo transfer progeny

Animals born by embryo transfer (ET) are usually not included in the genetic evaluation of beef cattle for preweaning growth if the recipient dam is unknown. This is primarily to avoid potential bias in the estimation of the unknown age of dam. We present a method that allows including records of calves with unknown age of dam. Assumptions are as follows: (i) foster cows belong to the same breed being evaluated, (ii) there is no correlation between the breeding value (BV) of the calf and the maternal BV of the recipient cow, and (iii) cows of all ages are used as recipients. We examine the issue of bias for the fixed level of unknown age of dam (AOD) and propose an estimator of the effect based on classical measurement error theory (MEM) and a Bayesian approach. Using stochastic simulation under random mating or selection, the MEM estimating equations were compared with BLUP in two situations as follows: (i) full information (FI); (ii) missing AOD information on some dams. Predictions of breeding value (PBV) from the FI situation had the smallest empirical average bias followed by PBV obtained without taking measurement error into account. In turn, MEM displayed the highest bias, although the differences were small. On the other hand, MEM showed the smallest MSEP, for either random mating or selection, followed by FI, whereas ignoring measurement error produced the largest MSEP. As a consequence from the smallest MSEP with a relatively small bias, empirical accuracies of PBV were larger for MEM than those for full information, which in turn showed larger accuracies than the situation ignoring measurement error. It is concluded that MEM equations are a useful alternative for analysing weaning weight data when recipient cows are unknown, as it mitigates the effects of bias in AOD by decreasing MSEP.     

柏肤小蠹的生物学特性的观察

柏肤小蠹是侧柏的主要蛀干害虫，在徐州地区每年发生２～３代，以幼虫及成虫越冬，本文论述了柏肤小蠹在徐州地区的年生活史和各虫期的主要生物学特性，初步掌握柏肤小蠹发生与环境间的关系。     

漆树酶的固定化——Ⅰ聚丙烯酰胺包埋法固定化漆树酶

漆树酶(BC.1.10.3.2)从生漆中提取后,用聚丙烯酰胺包埋固定化。研究了固定化的条件,以及固定化漆树酶的重复使用性和耐热性,测定了它的米氏常数,并与天然漆树酶进行了比较。固定化漆树酶的活力回收可达30％;重复使用十多次后其活性还保留约80％;在干燥状态下,固定化漆树酶非常耐热。     

"南竹北移"快速育苗及栽培技术实验初报

通过多年的调研试验及一年多的实践 ,总结出了“南竹北移”快速育苗的主要技术 ,使毛竹母竹、金竹母竹北移成活率达到了 95 %以上 ;金竹当年移栽当年出笋成竹 ;其他竹种北移成活率达 80 %以上。