竹产业助推成渝地区双城经济圈建设的战略思考

成渝地区位于中国西部、长江上游，生态区位重要，生态地位突出，是支撑“一带一路”、长江经济带的纽带与核心腹地。区域内竹资源丰富，竹产业优势独特，在全国竹产业发展中占有重要地位。文章围绕“成渝地区双城经济圈建设”国家重大区域发展战略，聚焦国家和区域战略需求，坚持问题导向、目标导向、市场导向，坚持创新驱动发展，从战略高度，按照现代产业“延伸产业链、融通供应链、提升价值链”的要求，对竹产业助推成渝地区双城经济圈建设进行探讨，分析竹产业发展优势和突出问题，谋划四川竹产业高质量发展布局，提出了重点实施“智慧竹业、人文竹业、商贸竹业”3大工程的建议。     

Factors driving natural regeneration beneath a planted urban forest

Cities around the world are investing in urban forest plantings as a form of green infrastructure. The aim is that these plantations will develop into naturally-regenerating native forest stands. However, woody plant recruitment is often cited as the most limiting factor to creating self-sustaining urban forests. As such, there is interest in site treatments that promote recruitment of native woody species and simultaneously suppress woody non-native recruitment. We tested how three, common site treatments—compost, nurse shrubs, and tree species composition (six-species vs. two-species)—affected woody plant recruitment in 54 experimental plots beneath a large-scale tree planting within a high-traffic urban park. We identified naturally regenerating seedling and sapling species and measured their abundance six-years after the site was planted. This enabled us to examine initial recruitment dynamics (i.e. seedlings) and gain a better understanding of seedling success as they transition to the midstory (i.e. saplings). Seedling and sapling recruitment (native and total) was greater in areas with higher canopy cover. The combination of the nurse shrub treatment with compost and species composition (six-species) treatments increased seedling recruitment by 47% and 156%, respectively; however, the nurse shrub treatment by itself decreased seedling recruitment by 5% and native seedling recruitment by 35%. The compost treatment alone had no effect on the total number of recruits but resulted in 76% more non-native seedlings. The sizes of these treatment effects were strongly dependent on whether the forest plantings were in open areas, versus areas with existing tree canopy, the latter condition facilitating recruitment. Our findings therefore suggest that combinations of site treatments, paired with broad canopy tree species, may be most effective for promoting regeneration of native species resulting in more self-sustaining urban forests.     

从永安竹产业发展看产业升级的必由之路

永安竹资源丰富多样，开发利用历史悠久，竹产业发展方兴未艾。文章在实地调研的基础上，回顾了永安竹产业发展的主要历程，总结了其行之有效的经验做法，分析了制约其进一步发展和产业升级的主要因素，提出竹一二三产融合发展是实现竹产业升级的必由之路，并给出了相应的对策建议。     

青海省海东市不同等级降水和旱涝关系研究

利用1961～2015年青海省海东市5气象站逐日降水资料,根据中国气象局降水等级划分标准和旱涝Z指数的计算方法,分别统计海东市夏、冬半年不同等级雨量和雨日及计算Z指数,利用线性回归法分析海东市55年来不同等级雨日和雨量和Z指数的变化趋势,并采用偏相关系数、相对贡献率和合成分析等方法研究不同等级雨日和雨量对旱涝的影响。得出以下结论：①海东市夏(冬)半年降水以小雨(雪)和中雨(雪)为主,雨日和雨量及占年比例均呈现自南向北递增的空间分布。②夏半年小雨和大到暴雨的雨量及雨日呈减小趋势,中雨雨量和雨日呈增加趋势,冬半年小雪、中雪和大到暴雪的雨量及雨日均呈减小趋势。③夏、冬半年Z指数均表现为不显著的减小趋势。④夏、冬半年不同等级雨量和雨日与Z指数偏相关系数和相对贡献率分析,夏半年中雨和大到暴雨的雨量及雨日对Z指数有显著的影响,冬半年小雪的雨量和雨日对Z指数变化影响最大。⑤采用合成分析法的标准化值,无论是夏半年还是冬半年,在偏涝年,不同等级降水雨日和雨量基本都为正值,在偏旱年,不同等级降水雨日和雨量基本都为负值。在偏涝年,不同等级降水雨日和雨量差异夏半年主要表现在大到暴雨和中雨雨日及雨量,小雨雨日及雨量差异较小,而冬半年主要表现在小雪雨日及雨量,中雪次之,大到暴雪最小；在偏旱年,不同等级降水雨日和雨量差异夏半年主要表现在中雨雨日及雨量,大到暴雨次之,小雨最小,冬半年主要表现在小雪和中雪雨日及雨量,大到暴雪差异较小。     

浅谈高邮市循环农业发展的现状与不足

千百年来，人们对农业生产方式的认识和改进从未停止。在国内外发展循环农业的大背景 下，高邮市从自身实际出发，在既有的一些循环农业模式上进行探索。本文旨在论述高邮市循环农业 发展的现状并指出一些尚存的不足之处，以推动其往更好的方向发展，充分发挥经济效益、生态效益 和社会效益。     

基于盘锦市大洼区认养农业的效益分析

在我国提出的乡村振兴大背景下，农业和农村迎来了许多的发展机遇和挑战，其中认养农业 的兴起对于现在农业转型来看是一个比较好探索。文章首先解释了认养农业的含义和现状，接着基 于辽宁省盘锦市大洼区认养农业的发展状况，对发展认养农业的地方进行了效益分析，可为我国其他 地区发展这种新型农业认养模式提供些许借鉴作用。     

资源型城市城镇化发展对我国城镇化水平的贡献性

为定量研究资源型城市城镇化水平及其对中国城镇化发展的贡献性,以全国126个地级市(仅限大陆地区)资源型城市为研究对象,分析改革开放以来资源型城市城镇化发展的基本情况,并籍此为基础研究资源型城市城镇化发展对我国城镇化发展的贡献。结果表明:1)四大区域资源型城市城镇化水平发展不平衡,东北地区城镇化率始终保持领先,但增长幅度最小,东部地区城镇化率增长最快,各地区年均增长率呈下降趋势,增速放缓;2)地级市资源型城市城镇化发展对我国城镇化发展的贡献度为0.48～0.90,其中0.79%资源型城市城镇化对我国城镇化贡献度为中,40.48%资源型城市城镇化对中国城镇化贡献度较高,58.73%资源型城市城镇化对我国城镇化贡献度高;3)类型上,均有超过各自总量50%的非金属、金属、煤炭和油气型资源型城市城镇化对我国城镇化的贡献度高,而森工型资源型城市城镇化对我国城镇化贡献度高的城市数量不到其总量的1/3;空间上,东和中部地区资源型城市城镇化对我国城镇化发展贡献度大于东北地区和西部地区。资源型城市城镇化推动了我国城镇化发展,但资源型城市的不同类型和区位,对我国城镇化的贡献度有差异。     

乌鲁木齐市冬春两季宠物源葡萄球菌的耐药性及耐药基因比较

采用琼脂稀释法,检测从乌鲁木齐市部分宠物医院冬季和春季分离鉴定的154株宠物源葡萄球菌(冬季75株、春季79株)对临床常用的12种抗菌药物(阿米卡星、克林霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、四环素、利福平、恩诺沙星、青霉素、苯唑西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢噻呋、左氧氟沙星)的耐药性;通过卡方检验,比较供试菌耐药性差异;采用PCR方法,检测葡萄球菌的5类9种耐药基因。对抗菌药物的耐药结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌对苯唑西林和青霉素的耐药率高于90.0%,对头孢噻呋和四环素的耐药率高于50.0%;春季葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率达92.4%,对苯唑西林和氟苯尼考耐药率高于80.0%。卡方检验结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌仅对苯唑西林的耐药率显著高于春季葡萄球菌(P0.05);春季葡萄球菌对氟苯尼考、利福平、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率均显著高于冬季葡萄球菌(P0.05)。多药耐药差异性结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在1～3耐;春季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在4、6、9耐。基因检测结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有ermB(40.0%,30/75)和fexA(22.7%,17/75);春季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有fexA(39.3%,31/79)和femA(20.3%,16/79),冬、春季葡萄球菌均未检出cfr、fexB和tetA基因。     

Public perceptions of ecosystem services and preferences for design scenarios of the flooded bank along the Three Gorges Reservoir: Implications for sustainable management of novel ecosystems

The newly formed extensive flooded land associated with the Three Gorges Reservoir hold great potentials to provide ecosystem services (ESs) for surrounding cities and communities. Conflicting values and conventional management strategies may complicate and inhibit broad-scale decision-making for this novel ecosystem. Public attitudes are a crucial influence in the way this process plays out. This study was conducted to assess how the reservoir bank is perceived by the general public of Chongqing Municipality in terms of importance of riparian ESs, and preference for corresponding landscape design styles through photo-questionnaire interviewing. Although Chongqing citizens know little of the “ecosystem services” concept, they do recognise riparian environmental and ecological benefits especially the bank protection and pollution interception functions, while benefits of habitats for wildlife and flood attenuation were of less concern. Recreational values were least appreciated, which is inconsistent with other studies. This may be attributed to a wider, intensive environmental education in various social media in today’s China. But publicity has been dominated by toxic air, water and soil pollution control rather than the benefits of nature conservation and personal contact with nature. In line with recognition of ESs, there is quite strong preference for the forested design scenario and particularly vegetation components across the socio-demographic spectrum. Overall, socio-demographic variables have very low explanatory power for the perceptual responses. Our study also revealed misunderstandings around riparian functions and a gap between public expectations and special abiotic and biotic prerequisites in restoring novel ecosystems. Finally, we discuss the relevance of this research to urban novel ecosystems in general, and implications for raising public awareness, engaging appropriate public values in sustainable design and management of such ecosystems.     

山地校园不同下垫面雨水径流重金属污染特征和健康风险评估

[目的] 了解山地校园不同下垫面雨水径流重金属污染特征及雨水径流中重金属元素对于人体的健康风险，为山地海绵城市建设提供径流污染控制参考和人员健康保护基础数据。[方法] 2019年7月22日在重庆交通大学针对屋顶、道路、停车场和广场4种典型的下垫面进行了雨水径流的取样监测，并统计分析场次降雨平均浓度（EMC）、电导率（EC）、钠吸附率（SAR）、危险商（HQ）和危险指数（HI）。[结果] 广场径流过程中重金属元素整体变化波动较大，道路雨水径流的重金属健康风险最大而屋顶健康风险最小；大多重金属污染物在产流后的10 min内出现了降幅，其中Fe和Mn的降幅较大，Zn的降幅中等，Cu的降幅最低；As和Cr是雨水径流中健康风险最高的重金属污染物。[结论] 山地校园重金属污染物冲刷速度较快，人流大的下垫面雨水径流中重金属元素变化波动较大，但健康风险较低；车流大的下垫面雨水径流中重金属元素波动较为稳定，但健康风险较高。