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1.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents an important component of carbon and nutrient cycling in arctic ecosystems. In northern Alaska, DOM production and microbial activity differ among landscapes with varied glaciation histories with lower rates on younger landscapes. In addition, within the region, soil DOM concentrations vary at the scale of hillslope toposequences, with higher concentrations in upslope than streamside positions. However, it is unknown whether variation in DOM production quality among and within landscapes linked to patterns in DOM quality. To answer this question, we conducted a study of DOM biodegradability within and among hillslopes of different landscape age. We examined rates of DOM decomposition and several indices of the quality of water-extracted DOM collected from soils in the summer. A variety of methods indicated that DOM quality generally was consistent across hillslope positions and among landscape ages. For example, DOM fluorescence index, an index of quality for chromophoric DOM, did not vary significantly across all hillslope positions or landscape ages. There were no significant differences among landscape ages or hillslope positions in DOM specific UV absorbance, in rates of DOM mineralization, or in DOM decomposition, indicating that DOM quality was consistent regardless of its source or position along hillslope flow paths. This suggests that despite many potential sources of variation within and among arctic hillslopes linked to differences in vegetation, hydrology, microclimate, and microbial activity, there is little variation in growing-season soil DOM quality. Microbial processing of DOM within arctic hillslopes may lead to a convergence in growing season DOM quality resulting in little spatial variation. Approximately 10–20% of the growing season DOM is labile in tundra soils, slightly higher that the proportion that is labile in arctic rivers during the summer.  相似文献   
2.
为探明不同地形对果实品质的影响,本研究以江西省南丰县和南城县平地与丘陵地南丰蜜橘为材料,对单果重、果形指数、色泽、化渣性、Vc及糖酸组分等风味品质进行分析,并利用模糊综合评判法对主要性状指标进行综合评判。结果表明,丘陵地果实单果重、横纵径、Vc、可溶性糖和糖组分等高于平地果实,而可滴定酸、果形指数和酸组分则相反。模糊综合评判分析表明①等权:南丰丘陵地>南丰平地;南城丘陵地>南城平地;②加权:南丰丘陵地>南丰平地;南城丘陵地>南城平地。因此,平地与丘陵地的南丰蜜橘果实品质存在差异,丘陵地明显优于平地。  相似文献   
3.
为了解九龙坡花椒种植区土壤养分状况及该区地形因子、土壤肥力因子与花椒产量的关系,为科学合理制定花椒高效施肥措施提供理论依据,本研究采用田间调查研究和室内分析的方法,研究了九龙坡花椒种植区低、中、高产区的海拔、坡度及土壤pH、有机质、大量微量元素含量和交换性能的变化特征,及其与花椒产量的关系。研究结果表明:九龙坡花椒普遍种植于200~500 m海拔范围,高产区集中在300 m左右的海拔;从低产区到高产区坡度略有增加,但未达显著水平。土壤均属酸性土,pH<6.5。土壤肥力总体属高水平范围,但各养分因子差异很大,其中土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)、有效磷、有效钙、有效镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌含量丰富,分别为27.2 cmol(+)·kg-1、35.2 mg·kg-1、3 289.8 mg·kg-1、271.8 mg·kg-1、48.6 mg·kg-1、62.1 mg·kg-1、1.5 mg·kg-1、4.5 mg·kg-1;有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性酸属适中水平,分别为19.1 mg·kg-1、114.9 mg·kg-1、107.0 mg·kg-1、8.1 cmol(+)·kg-1;水溶性硼缺乏,为0.28 mg·kg-1。相关分析表明花椒产量与有效钙、CEC、pH、有效锰、水溶性硼呈显著正相关;通径分析结果表明有效钙、CEC、交换性酸、有效铜、有效铁、有效锌是影响花椒产量的主要因子,逐步回归分析构建了有效钙(X6)与花椒产量(Y)的最优回归线性方程:Y=11.693+0.003X6。综上所述,九龙坡花椒种植区土壤养分失衡较为严重,施肥应注重养分的平衡,增施有机肥,改善土壤理化性状,治理土壤酸化。  相似文献   
4.
三江平原挠力河流域湿地垦殖的影响因素   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
综合利用DEM数据、地貌数据和1954-2000年5个时段的土地利用/覆被数据,分析了该流域近50a 来的湿地垦殖过程及其影响因素,结果发现:2000年的沼泽湿地面积仅为1954年面积的36.7%,而且80%左右的沼泽湿地都开垦为耕地.自然环境要素与农场建设对整个湿地的开垦过程产生了重要影响.分布于不同海拔高度与不同坡...  相似文献   
5.
徐明  张健  刘国彬  张婷 《草地学报》2015,23(1):62-68
选取黄土丘陵区3种代表性植被恢复模式的沟谷地样地:人工刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林沟谷地(G-Rp),人工柠条(Caragana korshinskii)灌丛沟谷地(G-Ck)和天然草地沟谷地(G-Ng)。通过分析沟谷地5个坡位样带的土壤样品,评价了不同植被恢复模式对沟谷地土壤碳氮磷元素的影响。结果表明:3种植被恢复模式对沟谷地土壤有机碳和全氮的含量及储量具有显著的改善作用,对土壤全磷含量及储量略有减少的影响,其中柠条灌丛沟谷地土壤磷相对于对照(坡耕地)减少达显著差异(P0.05);土壤碳氮磷的含量及储量在沟谷地的空间分布存在显著差异(P0.05),总体呈由上到下递增趋势(除G-Rp沟底);沟谷地土壤碳氮元素间呈正向和极显著的线性相关关系(P0.0001)。在黄土丘陵区沟谷地地貌单元实施植被恢复,可显著地提高沟谷地土壤的碳汇和氮素储量。  相似文献   
6.
Elevated landslide rates in forested landscapes can adversely impact aquatic habitat and water quality and remove and/or degrade soil resources required for forest regeneration. As a result, understanding the associations between management actions, natural factors, and landslide rates is important information needed for land managers. An unusual and powerful storm in early December, 2007, caused record flooding and thousands of landslides across southwest Washington and northwest Oregon, USA, and provided a rare opportunity to examine the effects of both natural factors and forest management practices on landslide density. Landslide inventory data were collected from both aerial photos and systematic field surveys to provide a broad survey database that was used to develop estimates of landslide density and to examine associations between landslide density, precipitation, topography, and forest stand age across a 152,000 ha forested landscape in the Willapa Hills, Washington. We estimated the probability of detecting landslides on aerial photos for six strata defined by forest stand age and a broad range of rainfall intensity, expressed as percent of the 100-year, 24-h, maximum rainfall. Key findings are that landslide detection probability decreased with increasing stand age, but was similar across rainfall intensities. The overall fraction of field-detected landslides that were not detected on 1:12,000-scale aerial photos was 39%. Very few landslides occurred in the 0–100% of 100-year rainfall category, regardless of stand age or slope gradient class. At higher rainfall intensities, significantly higher landslide densities occurred on steep slopes (>70% gradient) compared to lower gradient slopes, as expected. Above ∼150% of 100-year rainfall, the density of landslides was ∼2–3 times larger in the 0–5 and 6–10 year stand age categories than in the 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, and 41+ categories. The effect of stand age was strongest at the highest rainfall intensities. Our results demonstrate that ground-based landslide inventory data are required in order to correct for detection bias from aerial photos, develop reasonable estimates of landslide density across environmental gradients such as rainfall magnitude and topography, and make unbiased interpretations of relationships between forest management associations and landslide occurrence.  相似文献   
7.

Within-field variations in plant-available soil nitrogen (N) are likely to be affected by differences in soil characteristics. To study this, a 3- year field investigation was conducted during 1998-2000 on a 15 ha arable field in Sweden with considerable within-field soil texture variability. In 34 plots soil N uptake by crops, net nitrogen mineralization (Nm) during the growing season and soil mineral N in spring and shortly after harvest were determined. Beside these parameters, topography, soil organic matter content (SOM), clay content, pH(H 2 O) and grain yield were recorded. The variations in Nm were considerably large both within the field and between years. The within-field variation in Nm could partly be explained by the variation in SOM and clay content (adjusted coefficient of determination = 0.23, P <0.001). The pattern in Nm differed between years, partly because of seasonal variations in soil moisture. For these reasons, the pattern of Nm is difficult to predict without seasonal adjustments.  相似文献   
8.
毕迎春  张骏  王未 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(34):21123-21126,21130
分析了地形、植物、水体在风景园林建筑设计中的相关应用情况。列举大量实例,从建筑布局及体形设计、建筑设计的视觉协调性、山地风景建筑设计方面说明地形因素的重要性及制约性;从建筑空间布局、建筑审美、建筑与环境的关系3个方面说明植物配置的应用对风景园林建筑的影响;从建筑布局、建筑空间、建筑场所意义的角度分析水体在风景园林建筑中不可或缺的地位及作用。说明地形、植物、水体这些自然景观要素与风景园林设计相结合,可提高风景的识别性,缓和建筑的生硬和压抑感,形成新的景观特征,传递深层次的空间意蕴,赋予建筑新的诗意。  相似文献   
9.
地形对天然次生林空间格局的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用数字化地形模型(DEM)与景观类型图进行地理信息叠加,以定量化地反映主要群落在不同坡度、坡向以及坡位的空间分布,获得各群落的分布结构,数量化研究地形因素与植被分布的关系。在Arcgis及其3D和空间分析扩展模块的支持下,计算并探讨了老爷岭天然次生林主要树种(蒙古栎、榆树、水曲柳、胡桃楸等)在地形因子(坡度、坡向、坡位)各梯度级的分布比重及分布情况。结果表明,研究范围内样方的坡度在10.2°一22.5°之间。坡向分为5个等级,坡度及坡向差异显著。对坡度、坡向等地形因素及群落的物种组成进行半方差分析,发现三者的空间异质性尺度分别为31.2、161.6、17.3。地形因素的变化尺度远大于植被组成的变化,说明小尺度下地形因素不是影响群落内种群分布格局的唯一因素。坡度和坡向因子的块金值分别为9610及2 172,说明两者在小尺度下的某些过程不能忽视。植物与地形因素的相关分析表明,不同的种对地形的适应性有差异,群落中的9种主要植物可以分为4个生态种组。因此,群落的物种组成变化受到多种因素的影响,这种影响可以在地形变化中得到反映。  相似文献   
10.
We investigated factors affecting the distribution of naturally regenerated broad-leaved trees in a 140-year-old Cryptomeria japonica plantation. We used path analysis to examine the relationship among microtopography, the biomass of planted trees, and the biomasses of canopy and subcanopy trees of broad-leaved species. The study plot was divided into three topographic types (ridge, slope, and valley), and we discuss how the different topographic types are affected. For all topographic types, the biomass of canopy trees of broad-leaved species decreased with convexity. For slope and valley topographies, the biomass of subcanopy trees of broad-leaved species also decreased with convexity. For ridge topography, the biomass of subcanopy trees of broad-leaved species increased with the biomass of planted trees, and decreased with the biomass of canopy trees of broad-leaved species. These results suggest the effects of microtopography on the biomass of subcanopy trees were much larger than the effects of canopy trees for slope and valley topographies, while the effects of microtopography were smaller for ridge topography.  相似文献   
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