Relative contributions from exposed inshore and estuarine nursery grounds to the recruitment of stone flounder, Platichthys bicoloratus, estimated using otolith Sr:Ca ratios

In Sendai Bay, stone flounder larvae settle and spend their juvenile period in either shallow exposed inshore nursery grounds or estuarine nursery grounds. The purpose of this study is to examine the relative contributions of these two kinds of nursery grounds to the flounder population using otolith strontium:calcium ratios. Stone flounder juveniles were collected from both nursery grounds, and one- and two-year-old flounder were caught deeper in Sendai Bay. Sr and Ca content in the otoliths were measured by electron probe micro analysis. The Sr:Ca ratios in the otolith section corresponding to the early postsettlement period ranged from 3.06 to 3.85 for the exposed inshore areas with stable low temperature and high salinity conditions, and from 3.81 to 5.32 in brackish estuaries with high temperature and low salinity conditions but with large diel and tidal cyclical fluctuations. Values from an estuarine site with stable salinity ranged from 3.58 to 4.15 overlapping with both the above ranges. Rearing experiments supported our inference that the high otolith Sr:Ca ratios of juveniles inhabiting estuarine nursery grounds are attributable to higher temperature and physiological stress caused by the large diel temperature and salinity fluctuations within the estuaries. Estimation of the Sr:Ca ratio of recruited fish using the otolith section formed while in the nursery area showed that at least 20 out of 42 individuals examined originated from estuarine nursery grounds. The present study indicates that estuaries play an important role as nursery grounds for stone flounder, producing about half of the stock in spite of the small and restricted area compared with the wide expanse of the exposed inshore area.     

Profiling of isoflavonoids in Iris germanica rhizome extracts by microprobe NMR and HPLC-PDA-MS analysis

Lipophilic and polar extracts of iris rhizomes (Iris germanica) were submitted to a phytochemical profiling by a combination of HPLC–PDA–MS and semi-preparative HPLC/off-line microprobe NMR measurements. A total of 20 compounds were purified in sub-milligram to milligram amounts via two successive chromatographic steps. They were identified as isoflavones, isoflavone glycosides and acetovanillone by analysis of on-line MS and PDA, and off-line NMR data. A new isoflavone glycoside, iriflogenin-4′-O-gentiobioside, was subsequently isolated at preparative scale for full chemical characterization. This study demonstrates the applicability of the HPLC/off-line microprobe NMR approach as a robust means for rapid phytochemical profiling of plant extracts.     

甲型H1N1与季节性H1N1流感病毒检测基因芯片的制备与初步应用

建立DNA微列阵技术检测甲型H1N1和季节性H1N1流感病毒的方法,进而探讨该方法用于检测临床标本的可行性。通过生物医学数据库甲型H1N1流感病毒及季节性H1N1亚型流感HA与NA基因进行检索和筛选,应用分子生物学软件,进行序列分析、引物及探针设计,并进行验证。试验所设计的探针可以对甲型H1N1流感与季节性H1N1流感病毒进行区分,用该方法检测了长春市CDC送检的6份疑似甲型H1N1流感病毒临床病例,4份阳性,检测结果同实时荧光定量PCR方法一致。结果表明,利用本研究建立的DNA微列阵技术检测甲型H1N1流感病毒方法,特异性和敏感性强,可作为甲型H1N1流感病毒临床标本检测方法。     

微尺度重金属土壤化学研究进展与展望

土壤重金属污染是我国面临的重要生态环境问题,有效管控与修复重金属污染土壤有必要弄清重金属与土壤固相组分的作用机制。土壤组成多样、结构复杂、空间异质,加之土壤团聚体粒径大小不一,形成微观结构和表面性质各异的土壤微域,控制着重金属的形态转化及生物有效性。因此,深入认识微尺度的重金属土壤化学对于预测和管控土壤重金属环境化学行为至关重要。同步辐射X射线微探针(Microprobe)、X射线扫描透射显微术(STXM)及纳米二次离子质谱技术(Nano SIMS)等技术具有微纳米级空间分辨率,为在环境意义尺度上探究微尺度重金属土壤化学提供了独特的支撑平台。本文从环境土壤化学发展历程及当前发展瓶颈、现代微尺度分析技术及其在微尺度重金属土壤化学中的应用进展等方面综述,并对该领域未来的发展进行了展望。     

近三十年农田土壤磷分子形态的研究进展

农田土壤磷的赋存形态决定迁移、转化及归趋过程,单单通过全磷或有效磷含量并不能全面、准确、长效地评估土壤磷的养分供应能力和生态环境风险,探索可持续的农田磷素管理措施迫切需要能够科学表征、准确认识土壤磷形态。随着分析测试技术发展,农田土壤磷形态领域经历了以传统连续提取法为主的分级组分研究,到目前基于先进光谱技术的分子形态研究的发展历程。液相磷-31核磁共振技术(P-NMR)、基于同步辐射的X射线吸收近边结构谱技术(P-XANES)是当今土壤磷分子形态表征的主流技术,分别促进土壤多种有机磷和无机磷(铁磷/钙磷/铝磷)分子形态的有效识别。借助Histcite软件进行引文网络分析,梳理了近三十年(1990—2019年)土壤磷分子形态研究发展历程中具有重大借鉴意义的关键性成果,基于此综述了该领域的发展脉络,归纳发现农田土壤磷分子形态研究最初主要借助P-NMR技术侧重有机磷分子形态表征,而后过渡至与同步辐射XANES以及X射线微探针技术相结合,实现了土壤磷分子形态的全面认识。最后,对多谱学技术联用推动土壤磷分子形态研究的发展趋势进行了展望。