净化SO_2气体的固定化微生物性能研究

利用SO2气体对某污水处理厂氧化沟采集的微生物进行诱导驯化,得到以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为优势菌的脱硫菌,研究了该固定化微生物脱硫菌在不同环境条件下的性能。结果表明,固定化后的微生物对热、pH等的稳定性提高,对金属等有毒物质的毒性抵抗力增强。     

Effects of different lighting on reproductive system in depressive female rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of different lighting on the reproductive system in depressive female rats. METHODS: Healthy adult female rats were randomly chosen as control group, and the depressive adult female rats in SPF grade were randomly divided into 5 groups(7 rats each):depressive model group, sulfur lamp group, heat radiation lamp group, fluorescent lamp group and LED lamp group. After 45 d of continuous illumination, the estrous cycle was observed by the vaginal exfoliated cells, and the organ indexes of ovary and uterus were calculated. The concentrations of estiadrol(E₂), prolactin(PRL), progesterone(PROG) and testosterone(T) in the serum were detected by ELISA, and the histopathological lesion of ovary was observed under microscope with HE staining. RESULTS: The estrous cycle exhibited serious disorder, the ovaries exhibited serious congestion, and the organ indexes of ovary and uterus and the concentrations of E₂, PRL, PROG and T decreased significantly in the rats in depressive model group compared with control group(P<0.05). The estrous cycle and histopathological damage of ovary were obviously improved, and the concentrations of E₂, PRL, PROG and T were significantly increased after the sulfur lamp lighting in the depressive female rats compared with depressive model group. No obvious change and improvement of the reproductive functions in the heat radiation lamp group, fluorescent lamp group and LED lamp group was observed. CONCLUSION: The reproductive functions of depressive female rats are improved by sulfur lamp lighting.     

氮硫交互作用对小麦苗期生长和养分吸收的影响

通过基质盆栽冬小麦，研究了氮硫交互作用对小麦苗期生长及养分吸收的影响。研究结果表明，氮、硫对苗期小麦的生长都有一定影响，氮的增产效果远大于硫，当氮肥用量为200mg/盆时，小麦生物量的最大增产幅度89％；在低氮水平下，硫肥的增产效果最佳，最高可增产125。硫肥的施用可以提高苗期小麦植株体内硫的累积量，在氮素胁迫的情况下最为显著，可提高1倍以上；同时降低植株体内氮的累积，但降低幅度不大。氮素充足时，地上部与地下部生物量之比为2.4-3.9，氮素胁迫条件下，小麦的地上部和地下部的生物量相当，说明氮素养分不足时，小麦合成的有机物质更倾向于分配给根系，促进根系的生长，这可能是小麦抵抗胁迫环境条件的生理机制之一。     

IPT促进稻苗种子根侧根原基的发生

０．０１～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＩＰＴ能够促进稻苗种子根侧根原基的数目。与此同时,种子根的内源激素ＩＡＡ和ＡＢＡ的含量显著提高,而ｉＰＡｓ的含量下降。ＩＰＴ处理后,种苗种子根的吲哚乙酸氧化酶（ＩＡＡｏｘ）的活性下降,过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）的活性上升。     

硫在稻根微域中化学行为及其对水稻吸收重金属的影响机理

我国水稻种植面积和产量分别占世界23%和40%.人类活动,如农药和除草剂施用、采矿、污水灌溉,已经导致了一些地区水稻土污染.开发能够控制、减少水稻对重金属吸收和经食物链传递的技术与方法,对确保食物安全具有重要意义.硫(S)有6个化合态,土壤硫化合物种类多,其在土壤中转化相当复杂,在土壤环境化学研究中具有重要地位.本文收集了国内外有关文献,评述了S在水稻土中的含量、形态及转化,重点阐述了S在根际微域化学行为及其与水稻吸收重金属之间的关联,并提出了未来应开展的主要研究方向.     

Organic C and N stabilization in a forest soil: Evidence from sequential density fractionation

In mineral soil, organic matter (OM) accumulates mainly on and around surfaces of silt- and clay-size particles. When fractionated according to particle density, C and N concentration (per g fraction) and C/N of these soil organo-mineral particles decrease with increasing particle density across soils of widely divergent texture, mineralogy, location, and management. The variation in particle density is explained potentially by two factors: (1) a decrease in the mass ratio of organic to mineral phase of these particles, and (2) variations in density of the mineral phase. The first explanation implies that the thickness of the organic accumulations decreases with increasing particle density. The decrease in C/N can be explained at least partially by especially stable sorption of nitrogenous N-containing compounds (amine, amide, and pyrrole) directly to mineral surfaces, a phenomenon well documented both empirically and theoretically. These peptidic compounds, along with ligand-exchanged carboxylic compounds, could then form a stable inner organic layer onto which other organics could sorb more readily than onto the unconditioned mineral surfaces (“onion” layering model).To explore mechanisms underlying this trend in C concentration and C/N with particle density, we sequentially density fractionated an Oregon andic soil at 1.65, 1.85, 2.00, 2.28, and 2.55 g cm⁻³ and analyzed the six fractions for measures of organic matter and mineral phase properties.All measures of OM composition showed either: (1) a monotonic change with density, or (2) a monotonic change across the lightest fractions, then little change over the heaviest fractions. Total C, N, and lignin phenol concentration all decreased monotonically with increasing density, and ¹⁴C mean residence time (MRT) increased with particle density from ca. 150 years to >980 years in the four organo-mineral fractions. In contrast, C/N, ¹³C and ¹⁵N concentration all showed the second pattern. All these data are consistent with a general pattern of an increase in extent of microbial processing with increasing organo-mineral particle density, and also with an “onion” layering model.X-ray diffraction before and after separation of magnetic materials showed that the sequential density fractionation (SDF) isolated pools of differing mineralogy, with layer-silicate clays dominating in two of the intermediate fractions and primary minerals in the heaviest two fractions. There was no indication that these differences in mineralogy controlled the differences in density of the organo-mineral particles in this soil. Thus, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that variation in particle density reflects variation in thickness of the organic accumulations and with an “onion” layering model for organic matter accumulation on mineral surfaces. However, the mineralogy differences among fractions made it difficult to test either the layer-thickness or “onion” layering models with this soil. Although SDF isolated pools of distinct mineralogy and organic-matter composition, more work will be needed to understand mechanisms relating the two factors.     

土壤硫的氧化还原及其环境生态效应

硫在土壤中的氧化还原不仅直接影响其在水、大气、生物、岩石圈的交换和循环,而且对生态环境产生影响。综述了土壤中发生的硫的氧化还原过程及硫的氧化还原过程产生的环境生态影响,最后展望了硫的氧化还原及其相关过程的研究前景。     

高Co2浓度与土壤干旱对植物体内硫积累及分配的影响研究

人工模拟大气CO2 浓度倍增和土壤干旱对植物体内S含量积累及分配的影响研究结果表明 ,高CO2 浓度和土壤干旱均使冬小麦不同部位含S量增加 ,而使大豆籽粒中S含量减少 ;干旱虽使小麦籽粒S含量增加 ,但却使小麦籽粒减产幅度大于S含量增幅。干旱对大豆的影响大于小麦 ,干旱减少大豆S含量 ,且降低大豆产量。高CO2 浓度和土壤干旱对毛乌素 3种牧草优势种茎和叶S含量的影响较复杂 ,但干旱使茎和叶生物量降幅远大于S含量变化。高CO2 浓度和土壤干旱使植物固定S总量下降 ,表现为负效应。     

硫对春小麦产量和品质的影响

研究了黑龙江省小麦主产区硫肥的增产效果及对品质的影响。施硫较对照小麦平均增产221kg/hm2,平均增产率5 0%。硫对小麦品质的影响,总的趋势是正效应,但不稳定,个别指标呈负效应。     

Effects of previous elemental sulfur applications on oxidation of additional applied elemental sulfur in soils

Oxidation of elemental sulfur (S⁰) in 20 Chinese agricultural soils was tested and the effects of previous S⁰ applications on the oxidation of additional applied S⁰ in selected soils were investigated using laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments. Results showed that sulfur oxidative capacities presented great variability among 20 tested soils, with a coefficient of variation of 92.4%. There were no significant relationships between S⁰ oxidation and physical and chemical properties of the selected soil. Previous S⁰ amendment significantly increased the oxidation rate of additional applied S⁰. These stimulatory effects after the first applications of S⁰ were greater than those after two applications. The percent increase in S⁰ oxidation rate due to S⁰ pretreatment was negatively correlated with the oxidation capacities of soils before S⁰ pretreatments. The significant reduction of sulfur oxidation in autoclaved soils and significant increase in S⁰ oxidation after inoculation with S⁰-treated soil suspension demonstrated that microbial oxidation was mainly responsible for the enhancement of soil oxidation ability after previous S⁰ amendments.