微生物硫酸盐的同化途径及其与重金属抗性的关系

综述了微生物硫酸盐的吸收与同化途径。对其涉及的关键酶ATP硫酸化酶、APS还原酶、亚硫酸盐还原酶和半胱氨酸合成酶的研究进展进行了介绍;同时阐述了硫酸盐的同化途径与重金属抗性之间的关系,并对其在重金属存在的条件下与硫酸盐同化途径相关酶的基因表达情况进行了综述。     

硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂施用量与玉米淀粉含量关系的研究

采用二次回归通用旋转组合试验设计,分析硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂不同施用量对高淀粉玉米淀粉含量的影响。结果表明：硫磺、硫酸锌与玉米淀粉含量的关系符合二次曲线,硼砂与淀粉含量为正的线性关系;单独施用时,硫磺和硫酸锌降低淀粉含量,硼砂增加淀粉含量;硫磺与硫酸锌存在正向互作,与硼砂存在负向互作;硫酸锌与硼砂不存在互作。淀粉含量高于76.39%的施肥方案是硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂用量分别为6.39～31.56、8.2～32.0、22.4～28.5 kg/hm2。     

硫酸铜对柑橘和山麦冬炭疽病菌的影响

在PDA培养基培养条件下,研究不同浓度的CuSO4对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌生长状况、产孢量、孢子萌发率的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,1 g/200mL CuSO4 5H2O对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌的影响最大,完全抑制了这两种病菌的生长和产孢;0.2 g/200mL CuSO4 5H2O对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌的影响也非常明显,不仅较大程度地抑制了这两种病菌的生长和产孢,而且使这两种孢子的萌发率均低于19%;0.1 g/200mL CuSO4 5H2O对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌的影响较大;0.02 g/mL CuSO4 5H2O对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌的影响较小。由此可以初步得出,0.2 g/200mL CuSO4 5H2O对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌的抑制效果显著,可以作为抑制这两种病菌的临界浓度。     

Plasma Concentration of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate in Horses after an Oral Dose

This study was conducted to study absorption of glucosamine (GlucN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) in horses immediately after feeding. Six mature mares were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin-square-designed experiment. The experiment consisted of three 15-day periods, which included 10 days of diet adaptation followed by a 5-day sampling period. Blood was drawn after feeding on one day during each sampling period. Horses were fed a control diet (40% hay, 60% concentrate) balanced to meet NRC requirements for maintenance of mature horses (NRC, Nutrient requirements of horses, 1989). In one experimental diet, 2.0 g CS and 5.5 g GlucN were added to the basal ration at each feeding. In the other experimental diet, 3.5 g CS and 8.5 g GlucN were added to the basal ration at each feeding. After collections, blood was centrifuged and plasma was harvested and stored until analyzed for the presence of each compound. Analyses for plasma GlucN were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. CS in the plasma was analyzed using a color reagent, dimethylmethylene blue, followed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. There were no significant differences (P < .05) in the concentration of either CS or GlucN in plasma, when comparing the three different diets. This leads to a conclusion that these compounds were not absorbed intact through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. This poses a question as to whether oral forms of these compounds are absorbed and are able to migrate to joints through the blood to improve joint function.     

用溶剂萃取精制硫酸盐皂

通过用乙酸乙酯和已烷—丙酮萃取精制硫酸盐皂。使塔尔油的不皂化中性物含量从32.8％分别降低到17.4％和18.0％,酸价从119分别升高到169和153,显著地提高了塔尔油的质量。为塔尔油的精馏创造了有利条件。同时,从萃取出的不皂化中性物中提取出了高纯度的植物留醇,可以作为合成留类药物的原料。     

ZL刨花板防水剂的研制

采用廉价的硫酸盐皂作为乳化剂的原料，以石蜡作为防水材料，经预处理，加热，调ｐＨ，分散和冷却等过程，研制出浅黄色膏状的ＺＬ刨花板防水剂。经制板试验证明，该防水剂防水效果良好，施加方便，便于运输和贮存。     

硫酸盐还原菌的分离与生态特点研究

采用S培养基进行富集培养的方法对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)进行了分离与鉴定。实验通过对SRB的生理和生化特性的了解,结合其生存条件和存在状态进行研究,得出主要的环境因素中pH值和温度对SRB的腐蚀作用的影响关系,并提出采用合适的环境因素来更好的控制SRB的生长代谢活动,得出有效的防治措施来控制硫酸盐还原菌引起的腐蚀,延长有关设备的正常使用寿命。     

硫酸根自由基高级氧化技术对污染场地多环芳烃的修复效果研究

硫酸根自由基高级氧化技术(sulfate radical(SO₄^·–)based advanced oxidation processes,SR-AOPs)是一种被广泛应用于降解土壤有机污染物的原位氧化修复技术。然而,关于SR-AOPs降解土壤多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的报道相对较少。本研究以南京某炼钢厂附近土壤作为试验样本,通过设置不同比例混合体系的过硫酸钠(Na₂S₂O₈)和亚铁离子(Fe²⁺)以及反应不同时间,探究SR-AOPs对土壤中16种PAHs的修复效果以及最佳技术方案。结果表明:Na₂S₂O₈和Fe²⁺的配比会显著影响土壤PAHs的降解效果,当两者比例达到10︰1时,即Na₂S₂O₈用量为5 mmol/g,Fe²⁺     

Antifungal activity of sulfur-containing salts against the development of carrot cavity spot and potato dry rot

In the search for alternatives to synthetic fungicides to control postharvest disease, sulfur-containing salts were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of various fungal or fungus-like pathogens and their ability to control carrot cavity spot (Pythium sulcatum) and potato dry rot (Fusarium sambucinum). Results showed that metabisulfite-containing salts provided strong inhibition of all the tested fungi. Furthermore, some sulfate-containing salts were also directly inhibitory to P. sulcatum (calcium sulfate and ammonium sulfate) and to F. sambucinum (sodium sulfate). The metabisulfite salts also provided 100% inhibition of cavity spot and dry rot at concentrations of 50 and 200 mM, respectively. Calcium sulfate and sodium sulfate also significantly reduced carrot cavity spot lesions at 50 mM and ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate reduced potato dry rot lesions at 200 mM. These results indicate that various sulfate and metabisulfite salts could be used to control these postharvest microorganisms.     

硫酸锰浸种对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

田间条件下,通过不同浓度硫酸锰浸种,研究了锰对马铃薯生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,低浓度硫酸锰浸种能够促进马铃薯植株生长发育,并增加产量、提升品质;但锰素过多又会对其产生不利影响。其中,用0.05%硫酸锰浸种,植株生长旺盛,产量增加显著;0.15%硫酸锰浸种,块茎品质最佳。结果提示,用0.05%～0.15%的硫酸锰浸种能有效提高马铃薯产量、改善品质。