深圳市道路绿化管养标准体系构建浅析

城市道路绿化在改善城市生态环境、提升市民生活质量方面有重要作用。在道路绿化中，管养工作是维持道路绿化活力的重要内容。通过考察研究深圳市以及其他省市的道路绿化管养标准体系，分析对比每个城市的道路绿化管养标准体系现状，指出了深圳市道路绿化管养标准体系具有建立较早、内容较为全面的优势，以及存在体系架构不健全、部分标准标龄过长、可量化执行标准较少等方面的不足。并从系统性、指导性、先进性角度提出优化建议，将深圳市道路绿化管养标准体系划分为基础标准和道路绿化管养通用标准两大部分，其中基础标准分为术语标准等4个大类，道路绿化管养通用标准划分为质量技术等14个类别。     

国内外有机肥标准对比及风险评价

中国是人口最多的发展中国家，生产生活中产生的有机废弃物数量巨大，堆制有机肥是降低有机废物污染风险的重要方式，而有机肥标准则是防止有机肥成为新的土壤污染源，规范有机肥产业健康发展的重要保障。目前我国有机肥不合格现象时有发生，针对有机堆肥的标准仅有一个8年前的行业标准（NY 525—2012）的现状，本文对比了中国、日本、澳大利亚、欧盟、美国有机肥标准的重要指标，对存在的重金属残留、抗生素污染、病原体污染、营养富集及土壤盐渍化等有机肥质量安全风险问题进行分析，为我国有机肥行业未来绿色、健康、可持续发展提出建议。尽管我国现有有机肥质量标准，在具体指标要求方面优于美国，但和欧盟相比还有差距，比如我国重金属Cu、Zn、Ni限量缺失，对Cd等重金属限值要求不够严格，长期施用会导致土壤重金属含量超过风险筛选值，严重影响农作物安全；同时，由于部分畜禽养殖业不合理使用抗生素，加之有机肥生产企业技术的欠缺，农户施用时缺乏指导，监管部门执法不严等因素，我国有机肥施用过程存在较大风险隐患。因此，进一步完善有机肥标准体系，强化对原料中有毒有害物质的限制，要求选用原料批批检，加大准入和过程的落实力度，才能保障我国有机肥产业有序健康发展。     

西藏日喀则地区牧草供需研究

本研究采用供需计算公式分析日喀则地区牧草供给量和需求量，用供需差值计算法计算牧草供给缺口，同时据此预测未来10年日喀则地区的牧草需求量及缺口，以期为促进该地区牧草产业发展提出建议。结果表明：2000-2019年，日喀则地区牧草供不应求，缺口较大，最大为222.87万t，最小为132.88万t。未来10年的牧草需求和缺口预测数据表明：日喀则牧草需求量维持在300~400万t之间，缺口虽呈逐年减小的趋势，但数值依然较大。因此，本研究从自然环境、制度政策、经济发展三个方面提出建议，为解决牧草供需矛盾提供有效依据。     

柚木苗木分级标准的探讨

对贵州省册亨县阳光公司培育的1年生柚木播种苗进行随机抽样调查,在调查苗木生长及根系性状基础上,采用x±S方法对各样方苗木性状进行苗木等级检验,结果表明I级苗的苗高大于38.21 cm,地径大于0.72 cm;Ⅱ级苗的苗高范围在27.59 cm~38.21 cm,地径的范围在0.63 cm~0.72 cm;Ⅲ级苗的苗高小于27.59 cm,地径小于0.63 cm。     

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.     

海南岛柚木的木材性质

１１—１３龄柚木２０株，１７—１９龄７株，取自海南岛尖峰岭，用以研究木材比重及纤维长度的某些特性及测定标准物理力学性质。以胸高圆盘加权平均数为单元，比重０．４６６—０．５８８，平均０．５１６：纤维长度０．８７８—１．２３０ｍｍ，平均１．０６３ｍｍ。生长轮宽度与比重及纤维长度之间表现弱的负相关。第１轮和第９轮的材性存在显著的相关关系。材性在标地间的差异不显著，标地内株间的差异很显著。径向变异：髓心附近几轮的纤维长度和比重均增长很快，第８轮以后，前者增长缓慢，后者多起伏。轴向变异：１．心部系列（髓心向外６生长轮）第１轮纤维长度的轴向变异很小，其外几轮的纤维长度缓慢向上减轻或有起伏；基部各生长轮的比重很大，向上急剧减小至１．３ｍ高度，此后各生长轮的变化不一致。２．边部系列（树皮向内６生长轮）纤维长度和比重均很快向上减小。讨论了影响纤维长度轴向变异的主要因素。提出标准物理力学性质的试验结果。     

巴山木竹种群生物量结构研究

研究了陕西镇巴县巴山木竹种群的生物量结构.结果表明:(1)该巴山木竹种群生物量在各构件单位的分配为秆55.56%,叶3.40%,枝9.51%,鞭8.70%,蔸20.77%,根2.06%;地上部生物量在各年龄的分配1～5年生的分别为19.0%,5.2%,5.4%,4.3%,8.9%,6和7年生的14.6%,8和9年生的18.2%,10a及以上的24.4%;地下部生物量在各土层中的分配是0～2cm的12.9%,20～40cm的43.1%,40cm以下的44.0%.(2)3年生及以下幼龄竹和8年生及以上老龄竹的平均秆重低于标准秆重,4～7年生竹的高于标准秆重.(3)随着竹子幼龄-中龄-老龄的年龄变化,单分株叶构件的绝对重量及其与秆重的比值皆有上升-稳定-下降的变化趋势.     

大棚蔬菜滴灌系统案例设计与分析

选取大棚蔬菜种植园为实例,根据当地的水文地质特征、水源条件、大棚分布以及蔬菜种植结构,详细计算并校核了滴灌系统的总体分布、灌溉均匀度、允许灌溉强度、设计湿润比、灌水器选择、毛管极限长度等设计标准参数。通过灌溉制度的制定,计算各级管道管径、水头损失,选择过滤器,确定水泵型号,完成了滴灌系统的整体设计。该滴灌设计案例分析过程详细,结果合理,可作为相关滴灌工程设计参考依据。     

Soil biodiversity and DNA barcodes: opportunities and challenges

Soils encompass a huge diversity of organisms which mostly remains to be characterized due to a number of methodological and logistical issues. Nonetheless, remarkable progress has been made in recent years toward developing strategies to characterize and describe soil biodiversity, especially thanks to the development of molecular approaches relying on direct DNA extraction from the soil matrix.Metabarcoding can be applied to DNA from any environment or organism, and is gaining increasing prominence in biodiversity studies. This approach is already commonly used to characterize soil microbial communities and its application is now being extended to other soil organisms, i.e. meso- and macro-fauna.These developments offer unprecedented scientific and operational opportunities in order to better understand soil biodiversity distribution and dynamics, and to propose tools and strategies for biodiversity diagnosis. However, these opportunities also come with challenges that the scientific community must face. Such challenges are related to i) clarification of terminology, (ii) standardisation of methods and further methodological development for additional taxonomic groups, (iii) development of a common database, and (iv) ways to avoid waste of information and data derived from metabarcoding. In order to facilitate common application of metabarcoding in soil biodiversity assessment, we discuss these opportunities and challenges and propose solutions towards a more homogeneous framework.     

Performance evaluation of venturi aeration system

The venturi aeration is an effective practice to increase the dissolved oxygen accessibility in the water bodies. This study aims to optimize the various geometrical parameters of the venturi aeration system. A non-dimensional technique was applied to find the optimum performance of various geometric parameters i.e. throat lengths (t_l), number of air holes (N), and converging and diverging angles (α and β). These experiments have been carried out using 1124 L capacity of tank having dimensions of 105 cm long, 105 cm wide and 102 cm deep. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow velocity of water (1.096 m/s) with varying throat length (t_l = 20–100 mm keeping 20 mm as interval between two consecutive length), number of air holes (N = 1–17 at an equal hole to hole distance of 5 mm between them), and converging and diverging angles (α and β = 10°, 15°, 20° and 25°). Multiple non-linear regression equations were also developed from the linear relation with the dependent variable (Non-dimensional form of standard aeration efficiency, NDSAE) and independent variables (t_l and N). With the geometrically optimized venturi aerator the optimum performance was found for t_l =100 mm, N = 17, and α and β = 15°. The maximum value of standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) obtained was 0.0216 kgO₂/h and 0.611 kgO₂/kWh respectively. From the non-dimensional study, it was found that the NDSAE is the function Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr). The simulation equations were developed on the basis of Re and Fr for NDSAE, and subjected to 7.378 × 10⁻⁶ < Re < 3.689 × 10^-5 and 0.163 < Fr < 0.817, respectively.