Soil Quality for Rice Productivity and Yield Sustainability under Long-term Fertilizer and Manure Application

Productivity and sustainability of rice-rice cropping system depend upon the soil quality which is primarily governed by application of fertilizers and manures. However, such information is limited and hence, the present investigation was carried out in a 9-year-old long-term fertilizer experiment at Bhubaneswar, India. There were seven treatments (control, application of 100% NPK, 150% NPK, 100% NPK + Zn, 100% NPK + FYM, 100% NPK + Zn + B, and 100% NPK + Zn + S) laid out in randomized block design with four replications. Indicators of soil quality (physical, chemical, and biological) were diagnosed from 30 numbers of soil properties measured on the post-wet season soil and soil quality was assessed taking productivity and sustainability of dry season rice as goal functions. Results revealed that the highest productivity and sustainability of dry season rice was found with application of 100% NPK + FYM. This treatment, in general, showed better physical, chemical, and biological properties than rest of the treatments. The highest soil quality index (SQI) was recorded in 100% NPK + FYM (0.941) treatment followed by 150% NPK (0.826) with CEC diagnosed as the only key indicator for rice productivity. For yield sustainability in dry season, reserve K and total N were important contributing 89% and 11%, respectively to the SQI. Therefore, these soil properties could be used to monitor soil quality in wet season. Application of FYM along with 100% NPK could sustain the productivity of dry season rice by improving soil properties under subtropical rice-rice system.     

滨湖城市典型公园化河口岸带土壤理化性状研究

为摸清五里湖公园化河口岸带土壤理化性质,探明土壤质量状况,本研究于2017年10月对五里湖3个典型公园化河口区域(陆典桥浜L、梁塘河C、圩田里河W)的24个点位进行岸带土壤采集,分析土壤颗粒组成、容重(BD)和孔隙度(Pt)等物理性状和pH、有机质(OM)、全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、全磷(TP)和有效磷(AP)等化学性状,并利用与植物生长相关的土壤指标(石砾、砂粒、黏粒、BD、pH、OM、TN、AN、TP、AP)进行土壤质量指数(SQI)评价。结果表明:①3个河口岸带土壤均存在结构退化的情况,土壤主要以石块和石砾为主(700g/kg),砂粒、粉粒和黏粒含量较低,土壤容重偏大(1.35 g/cm3),孔隙度偏低(50%);②3个河口岸带土壤pH均呈碱性(平均8.30),且陆典桥浜河口圩田里河河口梁塘河河口,AP含量趋势相反;除梁塘河河口TP含量差异不大外,陆典桥浜和梁塘河河口的OM、TN、AN、AP、TP均呈现近岸大于远岸的趋势。③3个河口岸带土壤质量状况均较差(SQI0.5),AN、BD、OM、AP和pH是影响研究区域岸带土壤质量的5个主因子。     

义马煤矿矸石山植被恢复土地适宜性评价

以义马煤矿矸石山为研究对象,选取pH值、土层厚度、有机质、田间持水量、稳渗率、容重、总孔隙度和植被盖度8个评价指标,采用主成分分析法确定权重,采用加权和法计算土壤质量综合指数值(SQI),对不同排矸年限和有无人工干预的矸石山进行植被恢复土地适宜性评价。结果表明:随排矸年限的增加,土壤的植被恢复适宜性增加;人工种植具有改良土壤作用的树种(如刺槐)能够显著加快矸石山土壤改良过程,植被恢复适宜性显著好于没有人工干预的煤矸石山;边坡不稳定,植物难以定居,植被恢复适宜性最差,应采取措施稳固边坡。     

不同土地利用条件下土壤质量综合评价方法

针对传统的土壤质量评价方法难以满足现代农业发展的现状,提出了一种土壤质量指数法(SQI)综合评价土壤质量,旨在为农业生产、农产品产地选址、农业环境保护等提供理论支撑和参考依据。将方法在北京市郊区7种土地利用方式（粮田、林地、湿地、荒地、果园、菜地、草地）上进行了应用,并与常规方法进行了对比,结果表明：采用隶属度模型评价土壤肥力,肥力高低顺序为：湿地＞菜地＞粮田＞林地＞果园＞荒地＞草地;采用内梅罗污染指数评价了重金属污染状况,污染程度高低顺序为：湿地＞菜地＞荒地＞果园＞林地＞粮田＞草地;采用SQI指数评价土壤综合质量,其综合质量的高低顺序为：湿地＞粮田＞菜地＞果园＞林地＞荒地＞草地。此外还对评价模型的适用范围、评价结果的划分等一系列关键问题进行了探讨,得出：SQI指数评价方法的应用及结果的划分涵盖了不同的土地利用方式的农用地,体现了各种土壤属性的差异和变异特性,评价结果可实现土壤综合质量定性和定量化,能够反映土壤的关键信息,符合农业生产需要。     

Effect of Predominant Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Quality Indicators and Soil Quality Indices under Post Monsoon (Rabi) Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) in Rainfed Black Soils (Vertisols) of Western India

A long-term study was conducted to study the impact of integrated nutrient management on soil quality in post-monsoon sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at Solapur in Maharashtra State in Western India under All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture. The experiment was laid out with ten Integrated Nutrient Management Treatments in a randomized block design with three replications. The results of the study indicated that among all the integrated nutrient management treatments practiced, the application of 25 kg nitrogen (N) ha^?1 through crop residue (CR) + 25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) showed the highest soil quality index of 2.36, which was at par with other treatments receiving farmyard manure (FYM) and crop residues along with urea. The relative order of performance of the integrated nutrient management treatments in influencing soil quality was: T₆: 25 kg N ha^?1 (CR) + 25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.36) >T₅: 25 kg N ha^?1 (FYM) (2.31) > T₇: 25 kg N ha^?1 (FYM) +25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.30) = T₈: 25 kg N ha^?1 (CR) +25 kg N ha^?1 (Leucaena loppings) (2.30) > T₁₀: 25 kg N ha^?1 (Leucaena loppings) +25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.17) > T₄: 25 kg N ha^?1 (CR:crop residues) (2.16) > T₉: 25 kg N ha^?1 (Leucaena loppings) (2.15) > T₃: 50 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.10) > T₂: 25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (1.99) > T_1: 0 kg N ha^?1 (control) (1.77). The results of the study also indicated that average percent contribution of each soil key indicator towards soil quality indices was: pH (3.97%), EC (1.94%), organic carbon (18.6%), available P (2.80%), available K (6.57%), exchangeable Ca (7.02%), available S (3.45%), Available Zn (17.9%), dehydrogenase (DHA) (16.2%), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (18.5%) and mean weight diameter (MWD) (3.14%). Thus, the results of the present study will be highly useful to the land managers in planning effective management of soil quality.     

不同土地利用条件下土壤质量综合评价方法

针对传统的土壤质量评价方法难以满足现代农业发展的现状，提出了一种土壤质量指数法(SQI)综合评价土壤质量，旨在为农业生产、农产品产地选址、农业环境保护等提供理论支撑和参考依据。将方法在北京市郊区7种土地利用方式（粮田、林地、湿地、荒地、果园、菜地、草地）上进行了应用，并与常规方法进行了对比，结果表明：采用隶属度模型评价土壤肥力，肥力高低顺序为：湿地＞菜地＞粮田＞林地＞果园＞荒地＞草地；采用内梅罗污染指数评价了重金属污染状况，污染程度高低顺序为：湿地＞菜地＞荒地＞果园＞林地＞粮田＞草地；采用SQI指数评价土壤综合质量，其综合质量的高低顺序为：湿地＞粮田＞菜地＞果园＞林地＞荒地＞草地。此外还对评价模型的适用范围、评价结果的划分等一系列关键问题进行了探讨，得出：SQI指数评价方法的应用及结果的划分涵盖了不同的土地利用方式的农用地，体现了各种土壤属性的差异和变异特性，评价结果可实现土壤综合质量定性和定量化，能够反映土壤的关键信息，符合农业生产需要。