除莠霉素A对稗草磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶的影响

磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（ＰＥＰＣ）是Ｃ４植物的光合关键酶，１００ｍｇ／Ｌ除莠霉素Ａ对ＰＥＰＣ活性有完全的抑制作用，而对Ｃ３植物的光合关键酶１，５－二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶（ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ）的活性却没有影响。     

植物叶片中RuBP羧化酶／加氧酶及光反应机构衰老机理的研究进展

在作者及其实验室多年研究的基础上，针对今后的研究方向，对国内外在植物光合机构与功能衰老研究的进展进行综述和讨论。叶向导度、ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ含量、ＲｕＢＰＣａｓｅ活性及光系统活性是老化过程中光合速率的内部限制因素。在衰老过程中，１，５－二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶活性降低，ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ蛋白合成在转录和翻译水平上均受到抑制，同时ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ蛋白也受到蛋白水解酶的分解；类囊体膜结构紊乱，膜上结合色素、脂类和功能蛋白受到破坏，光合电子传递链活性及光合磷酸化水平发生衰退。植物光合机构及功能衰老在多条途径上渐次展开，叶绿体内光合电子传递生成还原物质的过程与碳素、氮素同化及Ｍｅｌｈｅｒ反应利用还原物质过程之间的失衡可能是光合机构不可逆衰老的重要机制。     

鄱阳湖南矶山湿地不同植被类型对土壤碳组分、羧化酶及cbbl基因的影响

选取鄱阳湖南矶山湿地南荻群落(ND)、芦苇苔草混合群落(HH)、苔草群落(TC)、茭白群落(JB)及裸滩地(LT)土壤为研究对象,分析土壤中不同碳组分、固碳酶(1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(RubisCO)酶活及其大亚基编码基因(cbbl)及环境因子对它们的影响。结果表明:土壤中全碳(TC)、有机碳(SOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)依次为6 380~33 830、1 209~2 259、124.6~1 282、2.848~18.00 mg kg~(-1),其平均值变化表现为NDHHTCJB;土壤中RubisCO酶活性在38.08~125.1 nmol CO_2 kg~(-1) min~(-1)之间,ND土壤RubisCO酶活性最高(125.1 nmol CO_2 kg~(-1) min~(-1)),TC最低(38.08 nmol CO_2 kg~(-1) min~(-1));HH与JB的RubisCO酶活性分别为38.85、66.05 nmol CO_2 kg~(-1) min~(-1)。土壤cbbl基因总拷贝数在36.07×10~4~195.6×10~4 copies g~(-1)之间,ND最高,JB最低。相关性分析表明,MBC和DOC与cbbl基因均呈极显著正相关(p0.01),而TC、SOC分别与RubisCO酶活性呈显著正相关关系(p0.05)。本研究结果说明,固碳酶及cbbl基因与各碳组分具有密切的关系,这对于进一步揭示鄱阳湖湿地土壤碳素循环及其微生物机制具有重要的参考意义。     

氮钾营养对青花菜生长,花球产量与光合生理的影响

高氮低钾处理的青花菜植株生长最好，花球产量最高；低氮低钾、低氮高钾和高氮高钾处理均较低。高氮低钾处理比其他处理的叶片叶绿素与氮含量高，糖含量居中。钾素水平相同时，高氮能提高核酮糖－１，５－二磷酸羧化酶／加氧酶羧化活性；而在氮素水平相同时，高钾则降低ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ羧化活性，提高ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ加氧活性。低钾时高氮降低ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ加氧活性；高钾时高氮则提高ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ加氧活性。ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ羧化活性     

高湿和弱光对葡萄叶片某些光合特性的影响

 高湿和弱光导致葡萄叶片RubisCO含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间co2浓度、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量、叶绿素a／b下降。叶片净光合速率与气孔导度、胞问co2浓度、RubisCO含量之间存在着显著的正相关。较低湿度和光照胁迫后，于正常生长条件下能较快地恢复，严重高湿和弱光胁迫后很难恢复到对照水平。     

Evaluation of an optimal extraction method for measuring d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) in agricultural soils and its association with soil microbial CO2 assimilation

Assimilating atmospheric carbon (C) into terrestrial ecosystems is recognized as a primary measure to mitigate global warming. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) is the dominant enzyme by which terrestrial autotrophic bacteria and plants fix CO₂. To investigate the possibility of using RubisCO activity as an indicator of microbial CO₂ fixation potential, a valid and efficient method for extracting soil proteins is needed. We examined three methods commonly used for total soil protein extraction. A simple sonication method for extracting soil protein was more efficient than bead beating or freeze–thaw methods. Total soil protein, RubisCO activity, and microbial fixation of CO₂ in different agricultural soils were quantified in an incubation experiment using ¹⁴C-CO₂ as a tracer. The soil samples showed significant differences in protein content and RubisCO activity, defined as nmol CO₂ fixed g⁻¹ soil min⁻¹. RubisCO activities ranged from 10.68 to 68.07 nmol CO₂ kg⁻¹ soil min⁻¹, which were closely related to the abundance of cbbL genes (r = 0.900, P = 0.0140) and the rates of microbial CO₂ assimilation (r = 0.949, P = 0.0038). This suggests that RubisCO activity can be used as an indicator of soil microbial assimilation of atmospheric CO₂.