不同种植密度对3个小豆品种植株形态及产量的影响

采用两因素随机区组设计,以直立型小豆品种冀红20、冀红21和唐红201602为材料,分析6个种植密度对不同小豆品种植株形态特征及产量性状的影响。结果表明,品种和种植密度对小豆形态特征和产量性状的影响较大;底荚高度和第一节间长随着密度的增加而增加,主茎节数、主茎分枝数、单株结荚数、单荚粒数和百粒重随着种植密度的增加而减小,产量随种植密度的增加呈先增加后减少趋势;相同品种不同种植密度间和相同种植密度不同品种间的产量差异极显著（F值分别为49.36、99.35）,品种与种植密度互作对产量的影响差异显著（F=3.91）。种植密度与株高、底荚高度呈极显著正相关,与第一节间长呈正相关,与茎粗、主茎分枝数和主茎节数呈极显著负相关。增加种植密度可增加小豆株高、底荚高度和第一节间长,有效减少主茎分枝数,有利于机械化收获。     

不同种植方式对河套灌区玉米生长动态及产量形成特性的影响

针对河套平原灌区玉米种植模式传统单一和再增产潜力较大等实际问题,于2018年在五原县进行玉米不同种植模式田间小区试验,探究了一穴双株、一穴3株、无膜浅埋滴灌绿色种植、超高产种植和割苗种植5种种植模式对玉米生育特性及产量的影响。结果表明,不同种植模式对玉米生长发育和产量影响显著,无膜浅埋滴灌绿色种植模式下,玉米株高表现良好;一穴双株和超高产种植下,玉米植株叶片数和叶面积指数以及果穗性状表现最好。在产量方面,一穴双株种植模式增产效果最显著(P<0.05),与其他模式相比,分别增产22.7%、37.4%、28.8%和15.9%。综上所述,一穴双株种植模式可作为河套灌区高产栽培模式推广应用。     

晋谷56号种植密度对产量的影响

为探索谷子品种晋谷56号在不同播种密度条件下农艺性状及产量的变化情况,并为该品种高产栽培技术的进一步研究提供理论基础,我们以晋谷56号为试验材料,研究在不同种植密度条件下对其农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明谷子品种晋谷56号种植密度在36万株/hm_²至48万株/hm_²范围内,产量是先增大后减小,其中种植密度在45万株/hm_²时产量最大；株高变化不显著；穗长是随着种植密度的先增加后减小；穗粗、千粒重均是随着种植密度的增加而减小；单株干物质量变化趋势是随着种植密度的增加而减小。     

Intestinal Microbiota in Large Yellow Croaker,Larimichthys crocea,at Different Ages

The polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) of 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to investigate bacterial communities in the intestines of large yellow croaker at six different ages (12 d, 18 d, 26 d, 40 d, 3 mo, and 1 yr old) as well as within the corresponding feed and culture water. In addition, Illumina Miseq sequencing was utilized to compare intestinal microbiota between 12‐d‐old and 1‐yr‐old individuals. PCR‐DGGE results revealed that the culture water had the highest bacterial diversity, followed by the feed, while the intestines had the lowest diversity. The intestinal microbiota at six ages changed severely; however, the change did not follow any trend. The large yellow croaker intestines harbored specific bacterial communities that differed from those in both feed and water. Illumina Miseq sequencing results revealed that the diversity of intestinal bacteria in 12‐d‐old fish was higher than that in 1‐yr‐old fish, and the bacterial composition differed significantly between them. γ‐Proteobacteria and Pseudoalteromonas supplied the most abundant phylum and genus in the 12‐d‐old fish intestine. However, in the 1‐yr‐old fish intestine, Firmicutes and Clostridium were the most dominant, respectively. The study may contribute to a better understanding of gut microbiota and dynamics of the large yellow croaker and the relationship with their surrounding environment.     

长江中游地区水旱复种轮作模式资源利用率比较研究

为了实现农田资源高效利用,维护农业生态良性循环,优化长江中游地区传统种植模式,本研究于2013年10月—2015年11月,以冬闲连作为对照,分析比较了不同水旱复种轮作模式(冬闲-早稻-晚稻→冬闲-早稻-晚稻、马铃薯-玉米‖大豆-晚稻→蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻、蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻→绿肥-早稻-晚稻、绿肥-早稻-晚稻→油菜-花生-晚稻、油菜-花生-晚稻→马铃薯-玉米‖大豆-晚稻)的光、温、水、土资源利用效率。结果表明:水旱复种轮作模式的冬季、晚季和周年的光能利用率均比冬闲连作处理高,周年光能利用率两年间分别高8.26%~82.50%和2.63%~121.42%,其中均以"蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻→绿肥-早稻-晚稻"轮作模式最高。水旱复种轮作模式的年有效积温利用率均高于冬闲连作模式,两年间分别高12.87%~21.26%和11.17%~25.88%,以"蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻→绿肥-早稻-晚稻"轮作模式最佳。两年间水旱复种轮作模式的冬季、晚季和周年的水分利用率均比冬闲连作处理高,其中周年水分利用率分别高45.36%~83.50%和40.00%~118.75%,以"马铃薯-玉米‖大豆-晚稻→蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻"轮作模式的晚季和周年水分利用率最高,"蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻→绿肥-早稻-晚稻"模式的冬季水分利用率最高。两年间土地利用率均以"绿肥-早稻-晚稻"复种模式最高,平均利用率达96.11%,"蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻→绿肥-早稻-晚稻"轮作模式的土地利用率表现最好。因此,各水旱复种轮作模式的周年光能利用率、年有效积温利用率、水分利用率和土地利用率均高于冬闲对照,其中以"蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻→绿肥-早稻-晚稻"和"绿肥-早稻-晚稻→油菜-花生-晚稻"轮作模式表现较好,适宜在长江中游地区推广应用。     

不同栽培条件对国审稻盐两优2208产量及其产量性状的影响

为探索和挖掘国审稻‘盐两优2208’的栽培措施和高产潜力，本研究采用多因素随机区组试验设计，分析了不同播期、种植密度和施肥量对优质国审稻‘盐两优2208’产量及其产量性状的影响。结果表明：播期、种植密度和施肥量等因素对‘盐两优2208’的产量及其产量性状均有极显著影响；不同播期、种植密度和施肥量对产量及其相关性状的互作效应发现，产量分别在A2B2、A2C2和B2C2互作效应下达到最高，产量相关性状在互作效应影响下，在不同处理间的差异较为复杂，总体来看，千粒重、结实率和有效穗对产量潜力关联较大，在这几个相关性状值在互作效应中最高时，产量潜力往往也最高。在‘盐两优2208’高产栽培时，应适时播种，合理密植，注重灌浆期水肥管理，氮肥施用适当后移，为增加穗粒数并提高结实率，需在齐穗时增施粒肥，为实现高产奠定基础。     

种植密度与行距对秋闲田饲用甜高粱草产量的影响

为了秋闲田饲用甜高粱丰产丰收，探索其高产栽培技术。采用列区试验设计与软件IBM.SPSS.Statistics.v22 的LSD法，对秋闲田饲用甜高粱的种植密度与播种行距进行了单株生产力及其草产量的比较试验。结果表明：种植密度与行距对秋闲田饲用甜高粱单株生产力、草产量均具有重要影响。明确了秋闲田饲用甜高粱高产配套栽培技术的优化组合：单株生产力最大的优化组合为A1B4，即种植密度为7.50 万株/hm2 与播种行距为40 cm 的配置；获得最高产量的优化组合为A2B4，即种植密度为22.50 万株/hm2与播种行距为40 cm的配置。研究结果为秋闲田种植饲用甜高粱的生产实践提了供理论依据和技术支撑。     

Peri-urbanization may vary with vegetation restoration: A large scale regional analysis

Over that past decade, ecological restoration practices have expanded globally. However, the effectiveness of ecological restoration depends on the complex interactions of various natural and socioeconomic factors, about which there is limited scientific understanding and thus provides an important research frontier. This paper analyzed the relationship between regional scale vegetation restoration and the process of urbanization using the Loess Plateau of China as a case study. This region has experienced both rapid urbanization and a high number of vegetation restoration activities. Urbanization and vegetation restoration can be considered as extremes on the spectrum of environment preservation activities. Three separate spatial correlation analyses between urbanization and vegetation restoration were identified, resulting in: 1) insignificant correlations in saturated urban areas; 2) significant negative correlations in peri-urban areas; and 3) significant positive correlations in undeveloped areas. The relationship between urbanization and vegetation restoration is thus stage-dependent. Impacts of urbanization on vegetation degradation has improved but has not been fully addressed by large scale vegetation restoration. Regardless of whether the county or grid scale is used, peri-urbanization was found to be the critical factor affecting the effectiveness of vegetation restoration over both time and space. Therefore, peri-urbanized areas are viewed as priorities for improving the coupling of urban development and vegetation restoration.     

基于Arduino和LabVIEW的水稻种植环境数据采集系统的应用

为了实现水稻种植环境的自动监测,给水稻种植和管理带来便利,设计了一种基于Arduino和LabVIEW的水稻种植环境参数的监测系统。首先介绍了监测系统的功能和结构框图,随后阐述了其硬件和软件的设计与实现。由传感器前端触杆与大气和土壤接触,采集大气的温湿度、土壤的温湿度和pH,数据采集模块将获得的信号通过串口上传至上位机。上位机LabVIEW对采集的数据进行存储、图形实时显示及处理、分析,实现实时、便捷地检测水稻环境的温度、湿度、pH变化情况。实践表明,该设计能够经济、高效地实现数据采集,可用于实时环境状况的快速监测,具有一定的参考价值和实用性。     

日照烟区烤烟最佳栽植密度研究

[目的]研究日照烟区烤烟最佳栽植密度。[方法]在大田试验条件下研究了不同栽植密度对烤烟生长发育、干物质积累、经济性状的影响。[结果]随着栽植密度增加,农艺性状趋差,单株叶面积减小,公顷叶面积增加,干物质积累量降低,经济性状综合表现变好。[结论]NC55品种在栽植密度为2.1×10~4株/hm~2时较为适宜,可以获得较好的产质量。