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1.
[目的]为Mn污染场地的植物修复提供理论依据。[方法]调查锰化厂污染场地植物,分析场地植被物种组成、土壤和主要优势景观植物体内重金属含量。[结果]锰化厂场地所记录的高等植物共有33种,隶属22科31属,优势种共有8种,分别为木薯、银合欢、类芦、鬼针草、金叶假连翘、马缨丹、水茄、杉木;土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn均不同程度的污染,与重金属污染场地土壤修复标准(DB43-T—1125—2016)相比,类芦土、金叶假连翘土、杉木土Mn含量均远超修复标准值,为标准限值的3.63~40.52倍,污染严重;5种景观优势植物中,杉木对Mn具有超富集能力,为Mn超富集植物,金叶假连翘对强酸性土壤适应性强,可应用于酸污染土壤修复。[结论]在场地植物修复时,可根据土壤污染特征,合理配置植物,实现场地"修复+景观+经济效益"修复模式。  相似文献   
2.
论述了煤炭开采导致的矿区植被破坏现状、土壤污染现状,以及植物修复技术在矿区生态恢复和建设中的作用,为矿区生态恢复提供理论基础。  相似文献   
3.
植物激素-螯合剂复合处理对红苋菜富集能力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]探寻一种高效的土壤污染植物修复技术。[方法]采用植物激素(IAA、GA3、SA)和螯合剂(EDTA)复合处理分别进行叶面喷施和土壤浇灌,研究其对红苋菜修复效率的影响。[结果]复合处理可增加红苋菜在133Cs、88Sr、Cd胁迫下的生物量,对于~(133)Cs、~(88)Sr、Cd的吸收量、转移系数和富集系数,土壤浇灌相比于叶面喷施显著提高了~(133)Cs、~(88)Sr、Cd在红苋菜植株内的富集;3种激素和螯合剂的复合处理效果从好到差依次为100 mg/L SA+1.5 mg/kg EDTA、500 mg/L GA3+1.5 mg/kg EDTA、100 mg/L IAA+1.5 mg/kg EDTA。[结论]土壤浇灌100 mg/L SA+1.5 mg/kg EDTA为最适宜处理,使单株红苋菜对~(133)Cs、~(88)Sr、Cd的富集总量达到最大。  相似文献   
4.
土壤重金属污染及其植物修复研究综述   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
综述土壤了镉、镍、铜、砷、汞、铅污染,及利用超富集植物修复重金属污染土壤研究的最新进展,分析了植物修复技术的研究方向。  相似文献   
5.
The significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil remediation has been widely recognized because of their ability to promote plant growth and increase phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal (HM) polluted soils by improving plant nutrient absorption and by influencing the fate of the metals in the plant and soil. However, the symbiotic functions of AMF in remediation of polluted soils depend on plant–fungus–soil combinations and are greatly influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the adaptation of plants and the related mycorrhizae to extreme environmental conditions, AMF colonization, spore density and community structure were analyzed in roots or rhizosphere soils of Robinia pseudoacacia. Mycorrhization was compared between uncontaminated soil and heavy metal contaminated soil from a lead–zinc mining region of northwest China. Samples were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening with AMF-specific primers (NS31 and AM1), and sequencing of rRNA small subunit (SSU). The phylogenetic analysis revealed 28 AMF group types, including six AMF families: Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Pacisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae. Of all AMF group types, six (21%) were detected based on spore samples alone, four (14%) based on root samples alone, and five (18%) based on samples from root, soil and spore. Glo9 (Rhizophagus intraradices), Glo17 (Funneliformis mosseae) and Acau3 (Acaulospora sp.) were the three most abundant AMF group types in the current study. Soil Pb and Zn concentrations, pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus levels all showed significant correlations with the AMF species compositions in root and soil samples. Overall, the uncontaminated sites had higher species diversity than sites with heavy metal contamination. The study highlights the effects of different soil chemical parameters on AMF colonization, spore density and community structure in contaminated and uncontaminated sites. The tolerant AMF species isolated and identified from this study have potential for application in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas.  相似文献   
6.
简述了土壤重金属污染的危害及我国当前土壤重金属污染的形势与现状.与传统、物理化学技术相比,生物修复技术具有简单、高效的优点,具有广阔的发展前景与研究价值.生物修复包括植物修复、微生物修复、动物修复以及联合修复,目前该技术尚处于研究与发展阶段,在实际大规模重金属修复应用中仍存在一定的缺陷和不足.从植物修复技术、微生物修复技术、动物修复技术及其联合修复技术4个方面简述了生物修复技术在重金属污染土壤治理中的研究进展与其各自的优点和缺点,最后探讨了生物修复技术现存在的不足之处及未来的研究方向.  相似文献   
7.
吴卿  郑波  赵彩云  李东梅 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(24):14770-14771
[目的]采用种植黑麦草的方式对城市排污河沉积物重金属污染进行修复。[方法]通过栽培试验的方法,从去除效果、最佳去除时间、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性的变化以及微生物数量的变化等方面,研究了黑麦草对河道底泥重金属污染的修复作用。[结果]在种植黑麦草3个月后,底泥中N i含量基本稳定,Cr、Mn达到最佳去除效果,其中Cr的去除率达到最大值(57.1%);在种植黑麦草4-5个月后,蔗糖酶和脲酶的活性分别提高到原来的4.59和10.34倍;在种植黑麦草3-4个月后,细菌数、真菌数均提高至原来的2-3倍。可见,种植黑麦草对受污染河道底泥中重金属的去除、酶活性的提高以及微生物数量的增长具有明显作用,黑麦草的种植时间以4个月左右为宜。[结论]该研究为河道沉积物污染的治理提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
8.
The possibility of use of two technological types of Linum usitatissimum L., namely flax (grown for fibre) and linseed (grown for seed), for phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) from Cd-contaminated soil was studied. A four-year field-simulated experiment was carried out with 6 flax and 4 linseed cultivars in order to study organ accumulation of Cd by flax and linseed plants at artificial concentration range 10-1000 mg Cd kg−1 soil. The most Cd was accumulated by roots, followed by shoots, while reproductive parts (capsules and seeds) played comparably smaller role. The increasing soil Cd concentration resulted in increasing Cd accumulation by roots, while transport to above-ground plant parts was progresivelly inhibited. Even high soil Cd concentrations (1000 mg Cd kg−1 soil) had not dramatic negative effect on plant growth and development. Cultivar differences as well as the differences between both technological Linum types have been found in Cd accumulation (flax being better Cd accumulator than linseed). Nevertheless, the recorded variation between technological types and within cultivars is in multiples of Cd values (units of mg Cd kg−1 DW), not in orders of magnitude as needed for practical phytoextraction. A significant year-to-year effect on plant growth/development resulting in high variation in Cd accumulation was observed. Flax cv. Jitka exhibited good transport of Cd from roots to above-ground parts, while flax cv. Merkur showed high retention of Cd in roots. Further, the contrasting cultivars in total Cd accumulation (high accumulating flax cv. Jitka versus low accumulating linseed cv. Jupiter) were selected for future experiments. The uptake of Cd by flax/ linseed from ha per season was calculated and the strategy for flax/linseed growing on heavy metal polluted soils with subsequent utilization of heavy metal-contaminated biomass is discussed.  相似文献   
9.
Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) is usually planted from early autumn until late winter. Since most of the plants used for phytoremediation cannot be grown during this time, kale can be a suitable option for phytoremediation and utilized during autumn and winter in urban landscape, especially in metropolitan areas where high levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollutions exist. Kale growth in saline soil at different growth stages (germination and vegetative growth stages) was studied in this investigation. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was used in this study. Treatments included three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 30, and 60 mg/kg), four levels of Cd (0, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg), and four levels of Pb (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Results indicated that increase in Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil decreased fresh and dry weights of the plants. The results of the various growth stages revealed that under salinity stress, kale plants were able to absorb more Pb than Cd and effectively remediate Pb in polluted and saline lands. Cd accumulation in control treatment was 6.2% more than that in the saline treatments, whereas, Pb accumulation in the highest NaCl level, 60 mg/kg salinity treatment was 7.64% more than that of the control condition. Also, proline content of the plants was significantly increased under Cd and Pb stress. From the results of this study, it was concluded that using kale plant is recommended for phytoremediation of saline soils with 10 and 16 mg/kg Pb and Cd contents, respectively.  相似文献   
10.
云南部分矿区及尾矿土壤和植物Cd污染调查分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对采集的个旧与兰坪矿区不同的土壤上生长的3科7个种植物及相应的土样Cd含量进行了分析。结果表明,矿区各区域的土壤都受到不同程度的Cd污染,但不同区域受污染的程度不一;不同植物体内Cd含量差异显著,其中以蓖麻含Cd量最高,其次为水杨梅,两者Cd含量基本达到Cd超富集植物含Cd量,具有Cd污染土壤植物修复的潜力;除水杨梅外,其余植物地上部分Cd含量均低于地下部分Cd含量。说明矿区及尾矿上生长的植物并非都具有超富集能力,但均具有较强的重金属污染耐性。  相似文献   
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