干旱处理对不同玉米品种叶片光合速率和抗氧化特性及产量的影响

玉米是对干旱比较敏感的粮食作物,不同品种应对干旱胁迫的能力存在差异。以6个普通玉米品种为材料,在北京市郊区大田条件下,采用裂区设计,以灌溉处理为对照,分析干旱处理对不同玉米品种叶片光合速率（P_n）和抗氧化特性及产量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,干旱处理下不同品种玉米P_n降低幅度为京农科728（15.63%）相似文献   

60Co-γ辐射对大花紫薇叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为探究60Co-γ射线辐射处理种子对大花紫薇生长发育中光合效率的影响,以大花紫薇种子为试验材料,以不同60Co-γ射线辐射剂量(0、20、60、100、140、180 Gy)进行辐射处理,测量不同处理生长发育过程中叶绿素及光合指标的变化,研究其对紫薇光合系统的影响。结果表明:20、60 Gy处理较对照和其他处理叶绿素质量分数更高,更有利于叶片进行光合作用;60、100 Gy处理较对照和其他处理潜在光合速率和最大光合效率更好;各时期光合性能指数与综合性能指数均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,但随时间的增加整体呈现下降的趋势,60 Gy较其他处理性能指数高。由此得出,60 Gy辐射处理有利于大花紫薇光合色素的产生与积累,较好的增加电子传递效率,有利于光合系统的运转和能量的积累。     

施氮量对一年生黑麦草光合特性的影响

为了探究不同施氮量对一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lamk.)光合特性的影响。本研究以‘特高’宽叶型一年生黑麦草为供试材料,采用盆栽试验,设置了4个处理组,分别为:CK对照组(不施肥)、C1低氮处理组(施鸡粪0.38 kg/m^2,即氮100 kg/hm^2)、C2中氮处理组(施鸡粪0.76 kg/m^2,即氮200 kg/hm^2)、C3高氮处理组(施鸡粪1.34 kg/m^2,即氮350 kg/hm^2)。利用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定开花期一年生黑麦草叶片的主要光合参数和光合特性的变化。结果表明:200 kg/hm^2施氮水平的表观量子效率(apparent quantum yield,AQY)和光饱和点(light saturation point,LSP)最高(分别为12.80 μmol·m^-2·s^-1和1 774.47 μmol·m^-2·s^-1),光能利用区间最大。350 kg/hm^2施氮水平下气孔导度(stomatal conductance,Gs)以及蒸腾速率(transpiration rate,Tr)显著低于其它处理,水分利用力(water use efficiency,WUE)强,但光呼吸速率(photorespiratory rate,Pr)较高,不利于干物质积累。同时,0?200 kg/hm^2施氮范围内,随着光照强度和CO2浓度的增加,各处理的净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,Pn)均随之增加,但350 kg/hm^2施氮水平下叶片净光合速率的增加反而低于200 kg/hm^2施氮水平。合理的施氮量对黑麦草的光响应和CO2浓度响应曲线有明显的调节作用。在本试验条件下,施氮量为200 kg/hm^2最佳。     

甜樱桃光合作用研究进展

作者综述了甜樱桃光合作用的基本特性,以及甜樱桃品种间的差异、叶片内部叶绿素含量、不同节位、不同冠层、环境条件(光照、温度、水分和空气)等内、外因素对甜樱桃光合作用的影响,并对今后甜樱桃光合作用研究进行了展望,旨为甜樱桃科研与生产提供参考。     

短日照诱导对小豆生长发育、光合和荧光参数的影响

为明确短日照对小豆生长发育、光合和荧光参数的影响，采用不同生育时期短日照诱导处理来调查小豆的形态指标、开花时间及开花节位，在开花期和结荚期测定光合作用和叶绿素荧光。结果表明，与对照相比，短日照诱导使小豆的株高降低、平均茎粗和主茎节数变小、白红2号在开花期和结荚期的节间长度升高，唐山红小豆降低；短日照诱导使小豆的花期提前并降低开花节位；短日照诱导使2个品种的净光合速率在开花期明显升高，在结荚期降低，气孔导度、细胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率在开花期无明显变化，在结荚期，白红2号明显降低，唐山红小豆升高；短日照诱导对开花期的叶绿素含量无明显影响，在结荚期明显降低，与对照相比，白红2号在开花期和结荚期的Fv/Fm升高，唐山红小豆在开花期变化规律不明显，在结荚期升高；短日照诱导使小豆的产量构成因素及产量呈下降趋势。以上结果说明短日照诱导对花荚期小豆的生长发育、光合参数及产量具有调控作用。     

NaCl与Ca(NO3)2等渗胁迫对豇豆新老叶光合特性的影响

[目的]探索NaCl和Ca(NO_3)_2等渗胁迫对豇豆新老叶光合特性的影响。[方法]试验采用营养液基质栽培法,通过测定豇豆新老叶叶绿素和叶绿素荧光参数的动态变化,研究豇豆的光合作用对Ca(NO_3)_2和NaCl等渗胁迫的响应。[结果]2种盐处理对老叶的叶绿素含量没有明显影响;在新叶中,叶绿素含量在NaCl胁迫下降低,在Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下则略有升高。NaCl胁迫明显降低新老叶的PSⅡ最大光合效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ实际光合效率[Y(Ⅱ)],对新老叶造成了不可逆光抑制。老叶的光化学淬灭系数(qP)明显降低,新叶qP未有降低,表明新老叶的盐害程度和光保护机理可能不同。在Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下,新老叶中Fv/Fm与对照无明显差异,且非光化学淬灭系数(qN)都明显升高。这表明Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫对豇豆新老叶片没有造成不可逆性光抑制,新老叶都有通过改变光系统Ⅱ激发能分配方式来适应盐胁迫环境。老叶Y(Ⅱ)和qP处理后期略低于对照,而新叶则无明显变化,老叶受到的盐害较新叶严重。[结论]2种盐胁迫未影响老叶叶绿素含量,但老叶的光系统Ⅱ在盐胁迫下受到的伤害较新叶严重,且NaCl胁迫对豇豆幼苗的伤害要大于等渗Ca(NO_3)_2。     

亚硫酸氢钠对茄子幼苗光合作用的影响

本试验以茄子幼苗为试材,研究NaHSO3对光合作用的影响.试验结果表明:高浓度NaHSO3抑制光合速率,低浓度的NaHSO3促进光合速率,300 mg/L NaHSO3为促进光合速率的最佳浓度.NaHSO3可提高茄子幼苗光饱和点,降低光补偿点、CO2补偿点.NaHSO3促进PSI光合电子传递,提高Rubisco的羧化活性和加氧活性,同时Rubisco的羧化活性与加氧活生的比值提高.     

低磷胁迫对红豆草光合、叶绿素荧光及内源激素的影响

为探究低磷胁迫对红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)光合作用、叶绿素荧光以及内源激素的影响,本试验采用营养液沙培法,以耐低磷5号和磷敏感1号红豆草为试验材料,设置常磷(1.00 mmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄)和低磷(0.01 mmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄)胁迫处理,于不同胁迫天数后测定形态、光合以及内源激素含量变化。结果表明：低磷胁迫抑制红豆草生长和光合作用,在低磷胁迫下,除非光化学淬灭系数外,供试红豆草叶绿素荧光参数均下降。随着胁迫时间的延长,2份红豆草材料地上和地下部玉米素(ZT)、脱落酸(ABA)、生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA₃)及其之间的比值变化趋势不一致,耐低磷红豆草地上和地下部ZT,GA₃,IAA,ABA耐低磷系数大于磷敏感材料。相关性分析表明,IAA与光合作用和叶绿素荧光显著相关,ABA与IAA,ZT,GA₃呈负相关。研究结果可为红豆草耐低磷特性研究提供...     

Short-term water management at early filling stage improves early-season rice performance under high temperature stress in South China

Asymmetric warming and frequent temperature extremes are the consequences of climate change that are affecting crop growth and productivity over the globe while heat stress at early filling stage is of serious concern for the early-season rice in double cropping rice system of South China. In present study we assessed different short-term water management strategies to cope with the high temperature at early filling stage in rice. Water was applied as flood irrigation at two various depths i.e., 4–5 cm (I1) and 5–10 cm (I2) during 9:00–18:00 and then drained off at 18:00 as well as applied over-head during different time spans i.e., over-head sprinkle irrigation during 11:00–12:00, 13:00–14:00 and 14:00–15:00 at 60–80% relative humidity (RH) at early filling stage and regarded as S1, S2 and S3, respectively. A control was maintained with the maintenance of 1 cm water layer as normal farmer practice of this region. A fragrant rice cultivar, ‘Yuxiangyouzhan’ in early March (regarded as early season rice) in both 2014–15 and the effectiveness of different water management strategies were measured by estimating physio-biochemical responses, photosynthesis, yield and quality of rice exposed to high temperature stress at early filling stage. Our results showed that water treatments lowered lipid peroxidation (in terms of reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents) whilst proline and protein contents were affected differently. The water treatments also regulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), nevertheless, improved plant photosynthesis and gas exchange, rice yield and quality attributes considerably by lowering severity of canopy temperatures than control (CK). On average, both flood and sprinkler water application were proved effective against high temperature stress, nonetheless, flood irrigated treatments were remained more effective than sprinkler which provided 26.58 and 43.63% higher grain yields in 2014–15, respectively than CK. On average, 5.58 and 11.92% higher grain yields were recorded in flood irrigation than sprinkler irrigation whereas among individual water application treatments, I1 was noted as the most effective regarding grain yield of rice (26.76 and 49.35% higher yield than CK) in both years which suggests that maintenance of 4–5 cm water layer might be helpful for the rice to withstand against high temperature stress at post heading and/or early filling stage in early-season rice production in South China.     

蚯蚓堆肥和蚯蚓发酵液体肥在设施葡萄上应用研究

以设施栽培的‘红地球’葡萄为试验材料，采用单因素完全随机设计，研究了蚯蚓堆肥与蚯蚓发酵液体肥对葡萄叶片光合能力、植株生长情况、土壤状况和果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明：利用蚯蚓堆肥与蚯蚓发酵液体肥，提高叶绿素相对含量与净光合速率11.12%、15.31%，促进葡萄的生长，提高叶片面积、茎粗和新稍生长量7.58%、6.42%、18.86%，开花期促进茎叶磷素的吸收，成熟期促进茎叶钾素的吸收；改善土壤理化性质，降低土壤容重30.43%，显著增加总孔隙度8.63%，增加土壤EC值38.23%，pH值降低8.32%，提高速效氮、磷、钾10.56%、11.11%、12.67%，提升有机质3.15 g?kg-1；活化土壤微生物，提高脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶66.86%、54.60%、82.03%，细菌、放线菌、真菌数量是对照的3.20倍、0.43倍、3.28倍，提高微生物碳氮14.98%、20.23%，增加可溶性蛋白、Vc、可溶性固形物、糖酸比24.31%、9.74%、5.49%、23.46%，降低可滴定酸13.51%；产量增加了21.73%，并土壤理化性质以及土壤微生物关系密切。