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1.
Abstract. The ability of two nitrogen cycle models, of contrasting complexity, to predict N mineralization from a range of grassland soils in the UK, was evaluated. These were NCYCLE, a simple mass balance model of the N cycle in UK grasslands, and CENTURY, a more complex model simulating long-term C, N, P & S dynamics in grassland ecosystems. The models were tested using field measurements of net N mineralization from a range of grassland soils (differing in soil type, history & management practice), obtained over a 2 year period using a soil core incubation technique. This method was considered to measure the total net release of mineral N from the soil organic matter over a specified time, including N which may have been recycled several times. NCYCLE consistently under-estimated mineralization rates at all sites. By contrast, there was some correlation between CENTURY predictions of net N mineralization and field measurements. This may have reflected the different abilities of the two models to simulate N recycling. Neither model, however, was able to predict adequately the effect of cultivation and reseeding on net N mineralization.  相似文献   
2.
Sandy‐textured Mediterranean soils are invariably depleted in organic matter and supply only small amounts of N to crops. To compensate for these deficiencies, we tested the N supply from six organic wastes applied to a Cambic Arenosol in pots growing ryegrass. The results showed that the behaviour of the wastes in supplying N to a ryegrass crop grown in this soil can be predicted by observing their performance in laboratory aerobic incubations. The N made available during these incubations fitted well to a one‐pool kinetic model.  相似文献   
3.
In a field trial conducted during 1992–93 and 1993–94, the effect of basal (B) nitrogen (N) (45 and 60 kg N ha−1) and foliar application (F) of water (W) or 10 kg N ha−1 and 400 or 600 ppm ethrel (E) (2-Chloro ethyl phosphonic acid) at 70 days after sowing was studied on leaf area index and dry mass at 90 days and pod number per plant, seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil content and oil vield at harvest of mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cv. T-59. Recommended basal (B) application of 90 kg N ha (BN90) was used as control. On the basis of 2 year data it was found that basal application of 60 kg N and foliar spray of 10 kg N ha −1 and 600 ppm ethrel gave higher values for growth and yield characteristics and enhanced seed yield and oil yield by 12.5 and 14.8%, respectively over control BN90.  相似文献   
4.
介绍了普及型欧式木窗专用推台铣床的作用及其特性,阐述了欧式木窗推台铣床主轴的平衡理论基础.指出了该机械系统的动平衡方法,并通过试验做出了分析。  相似文献   
5.
Forty Swiss Large White piglets of 4 weeks of age were used to determine the effect of dietary Chinese rhubarb on growth performance, as well as on energy and nitrogen metabolism by means of indirect respiration calorimetry studies. A cereal-based diet, supplemented with four different dosages of Chinese rhubarb (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%), was offered ad libitum to the piglets. Gaseous exchange was measured, and urine, faeces, and blood samples were taken. The addition of 0.25% dietary rhubarb increased feed intake (+32%) and daily weight gain (+67%) compared to the diet containing the greatest amount of rhubarb (1%). The piglets fed diet supplemented with 0.25% rhubarb digested and metabolised more energy and nitrogen relative to the animals of treatment 1%. As a consequence, the same group (0.25%) converted more energy and nitrogen into body protein than piglets receiving diet supplemented with 1% rhubarb. However, compared to the control group, the addition of 0.25% rhubarb to the diet resulted in not significantly alter growth performance, energy, and nitrogen metabolism of the animals.Blood parameters were not affected by the rhubarb supplementation. The dose-responding effect of Chinese rhubarb was reflected by the dry matter content of faecal samples. According to the laxative effect of higher doses of rhubarb, the addition of 1% rhubarb to the diet reduced dry matter content of faeces. This effect was well visible in practice, although not relevant in statistical terms. The addition of 0.5% dietary rhubarb had no relevant effect on growth performance or on energy and nitrogen metabolism of treated animals.  相似文献   
6.
【目的】系统分析连续11年增量施磷下赤红壤蔗地土壤全磷、Olsen-P以及地表径流磷流失量的变化特征和土壤磷素变化与磷盈亏、蔗茎产量的响应关系,为土壤磷素科学管理提供参考。【方法】依托长期肥力及地表径流定位监测试验(2008年—),选取不施肥(CK)、推荐施肥(OPT)和增量施磷(OPT+P)3个处理,测定土壤全磷、Olsen-P含量及地表径流磷流失量,分析土壤磷素变化与磷累积盈亏量的关系,采用Mitscherlich模型拟合蔗茎产量对Olsen-P的响应曲线,计算土壤Olsen-P农学阈值,并推算施肥处理土壤Olsen-P含量从第11年降至环境阈值所需的时间。【结果】CK处理逐年降低土壤全磷含量,年降速率为0.0251 g·kg-1·a-1。施肥土壤全磷和Olsen-P含量随种植年限波动增加,土壤全磷和Olsen-P增速率OPT+P处理高于OPT处理。不施肥土壤表观磷盈亏10.2 kg·hm-2·a-1,施肥处理土壤表观磷盈余41.3—69.2 kg·hm-2·a-1,占施磷量的31.9%—35.6%,以OPT+P处理...  相似文献   
7.
柑桔配施氮、磷、钾肥效应研究初报   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
本试验研究了在同一施氮水平下,不同水平磷、钾配施及施用不同种类钾肥对柑桔营养、产量及品质的效应。结果表明,紫色黄泥土锦橙园采用适当氮、磷、钾肥配合施用对提高单产及改善果实品质具有明显作用,以株施N4609、P_2O_400g、K_O560g效果最佳,经济效益也最大。在一定范围内,叶片中的磷、钾养分含量都随磷、钾化肥用量的增加而提高。  相似文献   
8.
通过研究不同浓度的氮素水平处理对无土基质培彩椒生长及几项生理指标的影响,以确定甜椒的最佳氮素施用浓度,为今后的甜椒生产的合理施用氮素提供科学的参考依据.结果表明:氮素含量极大影响了彩椒植株的生长和产量,氮素施用水平为5~15 μmol/L范围内,适量增施氮肥有利于增产,彩椒的最佳氮素施用浓度为15 μmol/L.当氮素施用量过低(2.5 μmol/L)和过高(20μmol/L)时对彩椒植株的生长不利.  相似文献   
9.
The effect of 50% shading and NO3:NH4 ratio (0:100, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75) in the nutrient solution on growth, yield, quality and N metabolism in hydroponically grown strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa var Camarosa) was evaluated. Both fresh and dry weights of leaves were significantly lower when a high concentration of either NO3 (100%) or NH4 (75%) was the sole N source in the nutrient solution. In unshaded plants, increasing of both NH4 and NO3 ratio in the nutrient solution reduced photosynthetic (Pn) rate, however in shaded plants the reduction of Pn became more pronounced at a higher ratio of NH4 in the nutrient solution. The yield in terms of fresh and dry weight of fruit per plant was significantly increased at the 75:25 and 50:50 (NO3:NH4) treatments. Fruit size was significantly affected by the treatments, so that the biggest fruits in both shaded and unshaded plants were obtained under the 75:25 and 50:50 (NO3:NH4) treatments. Total soluble solid (TSS) in unshaded plants was increased with increasing NH4 ratio in the nutrient solution, however in shaded plants it was reduced at high NH4 ratio in the nutrient solution. In both shaded and unshaded plants, higher concentration of NH4 significantly reduced the post-harvest life of the fruits. The increase of tissue N concentration was nearly proportional to the NH4 concentration in the nutrient solution. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) was increased by increasing NH4 from 0 to 50% and then reduced at a higher ratio of NH4 in the solution. Shading increased NH4 concentration so that the shaded plant had nearly twice as high NH4 concentration in the leaves. The increase of NH4 concentration induced by shading could be partially the reduction of NH4 assimilate because of the shortage of carbohydrate.  相似文献   
10.
在一个连续进行了 8年N肥定位试验的酸樱桃园,调查了每年施用 N60 kg· hm~(-2)和行间生草制对土壤营养状况的影响。结果表明:在肥沃土壤里NH_4~+是速效N的主要存在形式,而NO_3~-的含量很低。生草地土壤中含有较多的 NH_4~-,而清耕带土壤中含有较多的 NO_3~-。施肥增加土壤速效 N的含量。土壤 NO_3~-的季节性变化表明 5至 6月份土壤中 NO_3~-的含量高,而花前和 7月份土壤中 NO_3~-含量低。 P、K在清耕带 10 cm以下土壤的含量低于生草地土壤,但在 0~ 10cm土层中K的含量高于生草地。P的含量不受影响。施N减少了土壤P、K的含量。土壤中Mg的含量分布均匀,不受施N和地面管理制度的影响。  相似文献   
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