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Soils are structurally heterogeneous across a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. Consequently, external environmental conditions do not have a uniform effect throughout the soil, resulting in a large diversity of micro-habitats. It has been suggested that soil function can be studied without explicit consideration of such fine detail, but recent research has indicated that the micro-scale distribution of organisms may be of importance for a mechanistic understanding of many soil functions. Current techniques still lack the adequate sensitivity and resolution for data collection at the micro-scale, and the question ‘How important are various soil processes acting at different scales for ecological function?’ is therefore challenging to answer. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) represents the latest generation of ion microprobes, which link high-resolution microscopy with isotopic analysis. The main advantage of NanoSIMS over other secondary ion mass spectrometers is its ability to operate at high mass resolution, whilst maintaining both excellent signal transmission and spatial resolution (down to 50 nm). NanoSIMS has been used previously in studies focussing on presolar materials from meteorites, in material science, biology, geology and mineralogy. Recently, the potential of NanoSIMS as a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in soils has been demonstrated. This paper describes the principles of NanoSIMS and discusses the potential of this tool to contribute to the field of biogeochemistry and soil ecology. Practical considerations (sample size and preparation, simultaneous collection of isotopes, mass resolution, isobaric interference and quantification of the isotopes of interest) are discussed. Adequate sample preparation, avoiding bias due to artefacts, and identification of regions-of-interest will be critical concerns if NanoSIMS is used as a new tool in biogeochemistry and soil ecology. Finally, we review the areas of research most likely to benefit from the high spatial and high mass resolution attainable with this new approach.  相似文献   
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超高分辨率显微镜成像技术与同位素示踪技术相结合的纳米二次离子质谱技术(NanoSIMS)具有较高的灵敏度和离子传输效率、极高的质量分辨率和空间分辨率(< 50 nm),代表着当今离子探针成像技术的最高水平.利用稳定性或者放射性同位素在原位或者微宇宙条件下示踪目标微生物,然后将样品进行固定、脱水、树脂包埋或者导电镀膜处理,制备成可供二次离子质谱分析的薄片,进一步通过NanoSIMS成像分析,不仅能够在单细胞水平上提供微生物的生理生态特征信息,而且能够准确识别复杂环境样品中的代谢活跃的微生物细胞及其系统分类信息,对于认识微生物介导的元素生物地球化学循环机制具有重要意义.介绍了纳米二次离子质谱技术的工作原理和技术路线,及其与同位素示踪技术、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)、催化报告沉积荧光原位杂交技术(CARD-FISH)、卤素原位杂交技术(Halogen In Situ Hybridization,HISH)等联合使用在微生物生态学研究方面的应用.  相似文献   
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微尺度重金属土壤化学研究进展与展望   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
土壤重金属污染是我国面临的重要生态环境问题,有效管控与修复重金属污染土壤有必要弄清重金属与土壤固相组分的作用机制。土壤组成多样、结构复杂、空间异质,加之土壤团聚体粒径大小不一,形成微观结构和表面性质各异的土壤微域,控制着重金属的形态转化及生物有效性。因此,深入认识微尺度的重金属土壤化学对于预测和管控土壤重金属环境化学行为至关重要。同步辐射X射线微探针(Microprobe)、X射线扫描透射显微术(STXM)及纳米二次离子质谱技术(Nano SIMS)等技术具有微纳米级空间分辨率,为在环境意义尺度上探究微尺度重金属土壤化学提供了独特的支撑平台。本文从环境土壤化学发展历程及当前发展瓶颈、现代微尺度分析技术及其在微尺度重金属土壤化学中的应用进展等方面综述,并对该领域未来的发展进行了展望。  相似文献   
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稻田生物固氮研究进展及方向   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
谢祖彬  张燕辉  王慧 《土壤学报》2020,57(3):540-546
稻田淹水产生的合适pH和氧化-还原条件为固氮微生物的固氮提供了适宜环境条件,使得稻田在多年不施氮肥条件下仍能维持一定产量,而旱地产量则逐年下降。随着化学氮肥用量的增加,导致了严重的环境污染,迫切需要增加生物固氮来保证粮食生产和减少环境污染。为发挥稻田生物固氮功能,我们对稻田生物固氮的研究方法、固氮量、固氮微生物、影响因素、调控及其研究方向进行综述,以期为稻田生物固氮研究提供参考。  相似文献   
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