Modeling radiation transfer within the canopy of a Chinese fir plantation

Calculation of radiation transfer within the canopy of a plantation on sloped sites is described. The canopy was assumed to consist of evenly cone-shaped crowns. Within-tree shading by object tree and between-tree shading by tree crowns around the object tree were differentiated. The two-dimensional needle area density (NAD) was introduced in the calculation of radiation transfer and interception. The model was validated with measurements of both daily photosynthetic photo flux density (PPFD) and daily photosynthetic radiation at tens of points within the crown of a 17-year-old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation growing on a sloped site. Simulation showed that modeled data closely matched measurements. Simulation errors likely result from the uneven size of tree crowns, irregular crown shape, grouping of needles to shoots and twigs, etc. Scattering radiation amounted to below 10%, in most cases, of daily radiation, and its uncertainty was relatively small.     

基于CATIA的拖拉机造型曲面光顺性分析

曲面光顺分析方法是建立在曲面光顺准则的基础上，通过对曲面光顺分析方法（曲面曲率法、光照模型法）原理及特点进行了研究，以某型拖拉机轮罩为例，借助曲面的光顺分析方法，利用CATIA的自由曲面模块（Freestyle）外形分析功能，分析拖拉机造型的曲面光顺性并进行评价。最终验证，曲面的光顺分析方法能够有效对产品曲面光顺性进行分析评价。     

近红外光谱数据建模方法的研究进展

应用化学计量学对近红外光谱数据进行建模是近红外光谱分析中的难点和关键。随着研究的深入，现有分析建模的改进算法和新方法的应用不断出现。本文详细阐述了数据预处理、定性和定量建模优化方法的研究进展。在降噪消噪方法中，小波(WT)变换是最为常用和有效的工具，应用非常广泛。波长优化选择方法是现在研究的重点之一，主要有遗传算法(GA)、无信息变量消除方法(UVE)和连续投影算法(SPA)等。在模型优化算法中，主要是在偏最小二乘法(PLS)、人工神经网络(ANN)和支持向量机(SVM)的基础上提出多种改进算法，能够更加有效地优化模型。但每种算法各具优点的同时也存在着一定的局限性，对于不同类型待测物的数学模型，优化的方法也有所不同，所以在实际应用中将多种数学挖掘方法结合，相互取长补短，将成为今后研究趋势。     

中国土地变化及其影响的空间建模分析

文章分析了国内的土地利用变化及影响空间模型的建立原理，探讨了其建模的基本组成及信息数据处理的基本措施，得出具体的建模结论，同时对模型的应用进行探讨。     

三维可视化平台下建模分析以及数据的交换——以广州大学为例

使用了三维GIS技术对区域建筑进行虚拟,首先采用ArcGIS to SketchUP6Plugin插件将具有空间参考坐标的广州大学建筑楼的地理数据导入SketchUP,在其中建立带有贴图的精细的广州大学建筑三维模型,最后将三维模型导回Arcscene中进行三维显示及分析。     

基于CAD/CAE的汽车车架仿真分析

车架是整个汽车的基体,其刚度、强度及动力性能等都会影响到振动舒适性、行驶平顺性和使用寿命。采用CAD/CAE软件,对车架结构进行有限元静力与动力仿真分析,从而达到设计的优化,为以后相应的产品开发提供了理论依据。     

陶瓷烧结过程显微组织演化的模型化与模拟

用一种改进的Monte Carlo potts模型二维模拟了陶瓷烧结过程中显微组织的演化，在改进模型中使用了Tikare等提出的空位湮灭算法来模拟致密化过程。结果表明，改进的Monte Carlo ports模型可以模拟固相和空位的扩散过程，很好地再现了陶瓷烧结过程中显微组织的演化和致密化过程。同时研究了晶界迁移率和空位湮灭概率对烧结致密化过程的影响。     

车室噪声预估及声-固耦合有限元分析

车内低频噪声直接影响到车室内的声学舒适性,利用有限元软件ANSYS建立汽车驾驶室声-固耦合有限元分析模型。计算在典型的外界激励情况下车内声场的分布情况,为改善车内声学特性,对车内噪声进行预测提供了参考。     

Monitoring forage production for farmers’ decision making

Objective management of grazing livestock production systems needs monitoring of forage production at the managerial unit level. Our objectives were to develop a system that routinely estimates forage above-ground net primary production (ANPP) at the spatial and temporal resolution required by farmers in the Pampas of Argentina, and to facilitate adoption of the system by end users as a managerial support tool. Our approach was based on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) logic, which proposes that ANPP is determined by the amount of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy (APAR), and the efficiency with which that energy is transformed in above-ground dry matter (radiation use efficiency, RUE). APAR is the product of incoming photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the fraction absorbed by the canopy (fPAR). We estimated fPAR as a non-linear function of MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). RUE was empirically estimated for the two principal forage resources of the region, yielding the following relations: ANPP = 0.6 × APAR + 12, (R² = 0.86; p < 0.001; n = 18) for the upland sown pastures, and ANPP = 0.27 × APAR + 26, (R² = 0.74; p < 0.001; n = 18) for the lowland naturalized pastures, with ANPP in g/m²/60 days and APAR in MJ/m²/60 days. The models were able to predict independent ANPP values with acceptable accuracy. Computational procedures were automated and run in a Relational Data Base Manager System that stored and managed all the information. The system is currently monitoring 212,794 ha in 83 farms and provides monthly ANPP values for the previous month and a history of the last 6 years. The data so generated show ANPP differences between the two major forage resources, considerable variability of a given month’s ANPP among years and paddocks, and contrasting among-farm differences in the efficiency of conversion of ANPP and forage supplements into beef production. The system was well accepted by end users who utilize it mainly for making near real time decisions according to last month ANPP, and explaining results of previous production cycles by incorporating ANPP as an explicative variable. However, there were differences among farmers in the degree of utilization, apparently related to the advisor’s attitude toward this new technology. Our results indicate that (1) forage production of large extensions can be monthly monitored at the paddock level by a small laboratory with capabilities in geographic information systems, and (2) advisors and farmers apply this information to their managerial decisions.     

ANSYS软件参数化建模研究

大型通用有限元ANSYS软件在结构分析、结构优化设计等工程问题上有广泛的应用。优化设计成功与否的关键是参数化建模与形成分析文件,本文详细讨论了参数化建模的细节与注意事项以及分析文件的形成,为结构优化设计人员提供帮助。