The feasibility of using variable rate water application under a central pivot irrigation system

The purpose of this paper was to assess the feasibility and significance of applying spatially variable irrigation under a central pivot system at the Federal German Agricultural Research Center, Braunschweig, Germany. The assessment was based on soil moisture holding capacity, soil depth variation and root development. Soil texture analysis was carried out by sampling on a 60 meter grid. The German Agro-Meteorological Model was applied to simulate the water balance in the crop-soil-atmosphere system for the growing season 2003/4. The research findings are presented in terms of six scenarios: 20, 30, 40 mm water application depths per irrigation under both variable rate application and uniform application. The comparison revealed that the loss of water was higher for the uniform application scenarios than that for the variable rate application (VRA) scenarios for the applications of 20 and 30 mm. The VRA scenario of 20 mm water application was found out to be the best option for water conservation.     

Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model

Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r² improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r² from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.     

基于对象建模的农机产品CAPP系统设计与应用

利用对象建模技术,通过抽象与重组形成CAPP系统的一般对象模型,并把对象、关联及操作等映射成数据库表和程序实体,结合农机产品CAPP实例论述了工艺过程卡对象模型的实现流程,分析了选单等的设计重用方法。实践证明,CAPP系统开发过程中,只需开发一个编辑窗口,而非对应每一个数据表开发相应的编辑窗口。当数据表发生结构改变时可通过修改数据窗口来实现。采用这种方法,同一个选单就可以被不同的窗口所共用,使系统的开发效率大大提高,同时系统的结构也非常合理,根据作业机的主体结构相似性,可应用于各类农机制造的工艺设计过程。     

pestMapper—A internet-based software tool for reporting and mapping biological invasions and other geographical and temporal events

An internet-based Google^® Maps application, pestMapper, is developed for sharing biological events such as invasive species and pest distribution over large geographical areas. This data gathering and mapping tool facilitates reporting, viewing, and providing alerts about important pest occurrences and research activities both regionally and globally.This Google^® application provides reported events dynamically to a Google^® Maps interface with detailed information displayed for each event. Users can make use of various built-in options such as region, event, pest, country, or time to display the map selectively. Alerts can be automatically sent to interested parties when system-specified types of events, such as pest outbreaks, occur. The system also generates web-based alerts for certain pre-defined events. A time slider is available for users to view temporal distributions of a biological event.Data are entered using an online data report component. The software can be modified for many other applications, such as species regional or global distribution mapping.     

稻米垩白QTL定位分析

该研究以高垩白度品种V20B和低垩白度品种CPSLOi7作为亲本,构建150个V20B/CPSLO 17重组自交家系(RIL)为作图群体,进行稻米垩白QTL检测及其遗传效应分析.以垩白度作为衡量稻米垩白高低的表型数据,结合SLAF标签构建的分子连锁图谱,运用MapQTL5软件检测到4个稻米垩白QTL,分别命名为qC-5a、qC-5b、qC-5c和qC-5d.分析结果表明这4个QTL的LOD值分别为4.02、4.09、3.94和4.1,对表型变异的解释率分别为11.6％、11.8％、11.2％和11.8％,且这4个QTL抗性等位基因都来自低垩白亲本CPSLO17.     

GPS与GIS联合进行森林病虫害监测图件制作

我们在进行县级森林病虫害监测时,需制作监测网点位置图,以便在虫害发生时及时察看掌握与准确上报,同时能直观地及时将发生位置等情况同时上报给上级主管部门。如何绘制准确的监测网点位置图件,一直是困绕广大检疫人员的难题。GPS卫星定位仪具有强大的航点记录功能及航迹记录功能,对我们迅速核定发生地点、到达路线及制作相关图件提供了一个快速、精确的手段。本文通过实例,讲述了在GIS系统中利用GPS绘制县级森林病虫害监测网点位置图的方法,供同行参考。     

关于Mapmaker/Exp遗传作图中标记分群和排序操作技术的讨论

Mapmaker/Exp (3.0)是国内外广泛使用的遗传连锁数据分析软件, 在分子标记数量大时(多于500个)往往出现所绘制连锁图谱图距偏大的现象。本文从标记分群和标记排序两个遗传作图环节分析原因并概括出以下两个实施要点：(1)标记分群不应强求同一LOD值, 对特殊的连锁群可试用不同LOD值; (2)在标记排序时, 一次order命令后用ripple命令反复梳理有时并不能获得最佳排列顺序, 而应多次使用order, 每次order后用ripple反复梳理, 经反复比较才能得出最佳排列顺序, 必要时还须结合人工调整。通过大豆遗传作图实例比较了软件推荐思路2的通常用法和作者建议的新用法所构建的遗传图谱及相应QTL定位的差异, 认为新用法具有更好的效果。     

小麦7D染色体数量性状基因定位和效应估计的研究

综合应用方差分析法、区间定位法和联合定位法将控制抽穗期、有效穗数、小穗数、５０粒重和单穗产量等５个性状的６个数量性状基因座（ＱＴＬ）定位在小麦７Ｄ染色体上。其中控制粒重的ＱＴＬ有２个。这些ＱＴＬ集中分布在着丝粒附近和染色体长臂的末端两个区域。效应估计结果表明多数ＱＴＬ的效应是微效的，控制同一个性状（粒重）的两个ＱＴＬ的效应几乎相等。比较３种ＱＴＬ定位法的分析结果，方差分析简单有效，且当染色体上只有     

利用已测序水稻品种分析其农艺性状基因座

水稻重要农艺性状的基因定位研究在育种上具有重要意义。2004年在海南陵水县种植两个完全测序水稻品种日本晴与9311的F₂群体及双亲，分别考察了其单株分蘖数、穗数、有效分蘖数、穗长、主穗长、抽穗期、株高和剑叶8个农艺性状3次重复的平均值。用已构建的连锁遗传图谱（Nipponbare/9311-F₂遗传图谱）及Excel 2000和Mapmaker/QTL 1.1b软件对这8个性状间的相互关系和基因位点进行了分析。结果在LOD>2.0和P＜0.005的条件下共检测到41个QTLs，它们分布在水稻所有染色体上，单个QTL对性状表型贡献率11.0%～46.4%，其中大于20%的有22个。对选用已测序材料为亲本构建图谱来探讨水稻农艺性状的分子基础及其育种意义进行了讨论。