Effects of NaCl salinity on some leaf nutrient concentrations,non-photochemical quenching and the efficiency of the PSII photochemistry of two Iranian pomegranate varieties under greenhouse and field conditions: Preliminary results

The present research was conducted to study the responses of ‘Malas–e–Saveh’ (M) and ‘Shishe–Kab’ (Sh) Iranian pomegranates to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress under greenhouse and field conditions. Treatments included waters electrical conductivity (EC = 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS m^?1 for greenhouse) and (EC = 1.05 as control, 4.61 and 7.46 dS m^?1 for field studies). Interactive effects of salinity × variety indicated the highest chlorophyll and leaf potassium concentration, and the lowest leaf chloride and sodium in control under greenhouse study. Non-photochemical quenching, effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII reduced under the highest salinity level in field, however, basal quantum yield of non-photochemical processes in PSII increased in the highest salinity. Sodium and chloride increased with increased in salinity. Calcium, magnesium and iron significantly decreased with increased in salinity. It seems that there are differences between pomegranate cultivars and Malas-e-Saveh is more tolerant compared with Shishe Kab.     

Adipocyte-derived relaxing factor,a new vasodilative factor

Although our knowledge of ADRF (adipocyte-derived relaxing factor) is extremely limited,the little that is known has already revealed a promising future in this newly found factor.Firstly,it is secreted by adipose tissue,which is a abundantly and extensively distributed in human body and has become a hot spot for research work in recent years.Secondly,ADRF has shown a significant vasodilative action in a considerable number of experiments conducted on arteries of various sizes,from different body parts of different species of animals,including human.In this article,we introduce the development of ADRF research,sum up its known properties,including its Ca2+,protein tyrosine kinase,and protein kinase A dependent releasing,K+ channel mediated functioning,and interfered effect in different pathological models,and propose problems surrounding this factor and directions for future research work.     

江油市低效天然林封禁试验初步研究

连续2a对低效天然林封禁试验进行了初步研究。结果表明：（1）封禁1a后,乔木层郁闭度提高8．3％～16．7％,灌木层覆盖度提高15．2％～64．7％,草本层覆盖度提高12．5％～20．0％;封禁2a后,乔木层郁闭度提高16．7％～33．3％,灌木层覆盖度提高39．4％～141．2％,草本层覆盖度提高37．5％-44．0％。（2）封禁与不封禁的林分郁闲度、灌木和草本盖度和林分总生物量均达到差异极显著水平。     

疗马肠阻塞疝痛病使用安钠咖的观察

药物安钠咖有强心、松驰肠管平滑肌的作用。疗马肠阻塞疝痛时,始终要增强肠蠕动,才能把阻塞物排除体外,当病马需使用强心剂时,若使用安钠咖,导致肠管平滑肌松驰,影响疗效。据作者数例临床观察,肠阻塞疝痛病的治疗不宜用安钠咖,宜用含强心甙之类的药物。     

高温强光下耐热性不同的两个甘蓝品种幼苗光合作用差异的研究

 以耐热性不同的两个甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) 品种为材料, 对短期高温强光胁迫下光合作用的差异做了初步探讨, 结果表明: 在叶温40℃, 1 200μmol·m^{- 2} ·s^{- 1}的光强下, ‘大牛心’净光合速率比‘无粉8号’高出约30% , 与28℃叶温下光合速率结果相比较, 两品种分别降低7%和24% , 高温下, 大牛心的光合速率显示较强的耐热性。40℃预处理后随着光强的升高, 光系统II ( PSII)的电子传递效率(ΦPSII) 和PSII的激发能捕获效率( Fv'/Fm') 持续下降, 而非光化学猝灭(NPQ) 持续增加, 慢组分( qI) 一直维持在NPQ的10%左右, NPQ的增加主要是快组分( qf) 的迅速增加。可见高温强光胁迫下依赖于叶黄素循环的高能态猝灭是甘蓝幼苗叶片耗散过剩激发能的主要方式。然而两品种之间ΦPSII、Fv'/Fm'、NPQ及其qf和qI均无显著性差异, 且最大光化学效率( Fv/Fm) , 细胞间隙CO₂ 浓度(Ci) , 光呼吸速率( Pr) 也无显著性差异。因此在短期高温强光胁迫下两品种净光合速率差异主要取决于与光反应无关的非气孔限制。     

全生育期UV-B辐射增强对棉花生长及光合作用的影响

植物光合系统是UV-B辐射最初和最重要的作用靶标。本文在大田条件下进行紫外灯照射处理,研究全生育期UV-B辐射增强(高于环境20%和40%)对棉花形态、干物质积累、光合色素和产量的影响,并通过分析棉花主茎功能叶片的气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数,探讨UV-B辐射增强影响棉花光合作用的机制。结果表明,UV-B辐射增强抑制了棉花生长和干物质积累,籽棉产量显著降低,且UV-B辐射越强,抑制作用越明显。随UV-B辐射的增强,棉花主茎功能叶的净光合速率(P_n)在各生育期均显著降低,叶绿素含量呈先升高后降低趋势,气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)未发生变化,胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)反而升高,说明P_n下降主要由非气孔限制因素造成。对叶绿素荧光参数的分析表明,PSⅡ的最大光化学量子产率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)、线性电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)随着UV-B辐射的增强而降低,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)则显著升高,且各叶绿素荧光参数与Pn变化均显著相关;慢速弛豫NPQ(NPQS)及其在NPQ中的比例均随UV-B辐射的增强而显著提高,表明PSⅡ反应中心受损,光化学效率降低。以上结果证明,全生育期UV-B辐射增强降低了棉花的光合叶面积、叶绿素含量和净光合速率,引起棉花生长与物质积累受抑,产量降低。UV-B辐射增强引起的光合速率下降与PSⅡ反应中心遭到破坏密切相关。     

油菜素内酯对Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下黄瓜叶绿体AsA-GSH循环及叶黄素稳态的影响

研究了外源油菜素内酯(24–表油菜素内酯,EBL)对Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下黄瓜光合器官的调控作用。在Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫条件下,外源EBL显著提高了叶绿体中还原型抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽的含量,分别是对照的2.44倍和1.40倍。AsA-GSH循环中的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性比胁迫处理增加了36.27%和105.83%。外源EBL的施用显著增加了紫黄质(V)、玉米黄质(Z)和总叶黄素含量,减少了花药黄质(A)的积累,叶黄素脱环氧化态比胁迫处理增加了9.60%。胁迫条件下,EBL显著提高了植株叶片的非光化学猝灭(NPQ),缓解了PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))的下降。EBL处理后,叶绿体膜多种不饱和脂肪酸的水平比对照明显增加。试验结果表明,外源EBL能够通过调控AsA-GSH循环及热耗散,增强叶绿体抗氧化能力,从而抵抗Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫。     

转反义GVDE基因烟草的叶绿素荧光参数及抗氧化酶活性的变化

 【目的】研究姜紫黄质脱环氧化酶基因（GVDE）的功能。【方法】以烟草为试材,构建反义抑制表达载体。将从姜中克隆的GVDE基因反向转入烟草,对获得的抗性植株用PCR和PCR-Southern检测分析。同时测定烟草叶片荧光参数变化和抗氧化物酶（APX、SOD、POD）活性。【结果】反义基因已整合到烟草的基因组中。转反义GVDE基因烟草的NPQ、Fv/Fm始终低于对照,APX、SOD和POD等抗氧化酶活性也低于对照植株。【结论】在转反义GVDE基因的烟草中,强光下耗散过剩光能的非辐射能量耗散能力明显降低。     

Application of chlorophyll fluorescence for the diagnosis of salt stress in tomato “Solanum lycopersicum (variety Rio Grande)”

To study the response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rio Grande) to salinity, the effect on plant growth, water relations, stomatal conductance and Chlorophyll fluorescence was investigated. Tomato plants were grown in peat culture under controlled conditions and submitted during 28 days to saline stress ranging from 0 to 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM of NaCl. At the end of the experiment period, plant growth was significantly decreased with increasing salinity.     

Photosynthesis and growth responses of grapevine to acetochlor and fluoroglycofen

Acetochlor and fluoroglycofen are herbicides used in vineyards to eradicate weeds. This present study characterized the effects of these chemicals on photosynthetic characteristics and the antioxidant enzyme system in non-target grape leaves. The results showed that acetochlor and fluoroglycofen reduced net photosynthetic rate in a dose-dependent manner, but also reduced or increased pigment contents, respectively. According to chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, acetochlor and fluoroglycofen decreased the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the light and increased non-photochemical quenching. These herbicides enhanced malondialdehyde contents and accelerated the superoxide anion production rate in dose-dependent manners, which might be associated with lower antioxidant enzyme activities, especially at higher concentrations of the herbicides. Acetochlor and fluoroglycofen inhibited grapevine growth in the growth season one-year after herbicide treatment, and stem height was inhibited by up to 55.4% and 88.0%, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that both herbicides are detrimental for grape photosynthesis and this might be associated with increased oxidative stress in the first year, while growth inhibition in the second year might be due to after effects of herbicide treatment.