HRT Effects on Biological Nutrient Removal in Spiral Up-flow Reactor System

Overall effects of HRT ( 11 h, 9 h, 8 h, 6 h ) on the Spiral up-flow reactor (SUFR) system are analyzed. The results of the operation under different HRT condition shows that the removal efficiencies of COD, TN and TP decreased not obviously with decreasing HRT when HRT is longer than 8h. Anaerobic retention time, anoxic retention time and aerobic retention time were 1.51 h,2.25 h and 4.24 h,respectively. The removal efficiencies of COD, TN and TP is kept over 93%,87% and 90.2%, respectively. Although the removal efficiencies changed obviously when the HRT was 6 h. Anaerobic retention time, anoxic retention time and aerobic retention time are 1.13 h,1.69 h and 3.18 h,respectively. COD-removal efficiency is always up to 85%, the removal efficiencies of TN and TP is kept over 76% and 72%,also has upper removal efficiencies. It is indicated that the SUFR system, which is similar to plug-flow-reactor, has strong stability and can compensate negative effects of increasing hydraulic loading.     

去除养殖水体悬浮颗粒的多向流重力沉淀装置设计及性能

为了高效去除循环水养殖系统中的固体悬浮颗粒物,研发了多向流重力沉淀装置,并对其水力特性及相关结构参数进行试验研究。该文以固体悬浮颗粒物去除率为试验指标,设计了5～40 min的水力停留时间（hydraulic retention time,HRT）及斜管填料规格参数的双因素试验。结果显示,随着HRT增加,多向流重力沉淀装置的固体悬浮颗粒物去除率呈显著上升的阶段性变化特征,但以HRT为20 min时沉淀装置的综合处理效果最优,最高平均去除率可达（58.57 %±10.12 %）,其中粒径小于20 μm的微颗粒去除率为19.5%,粒径大于60 μm的微颗粒去除率高达90.3 %;较小的斜管直径可显著提高多向流重力沉淀装置的固体悬浮颗粒物去除率,而斜管高度对去除率无显著影响。多向流重力沉淀装置用于去除循环水养殖系统中的固体悬浮颗粒物,是一种行之有效的方法。     

水平潜流人工湿地对化粪池污水的净化效果

就不同季节条件下水力停留时间分别为1、3和5d时，水平潜流人工湿地系统对化粪池污水的净化效果进行了研究．结果表明，在同一季节，随着水力停留时间的延长，该系统对COD、TP、TN等3个指标的去除率明显提高，3d去除率明显高于1d，系统在水力停留时间5d时对COD、TP、TN的去除效果虽比3d有所提高，但增幅不明显．在夏、秋、冬3个季节，系统对COD的去除率分别达到43．48％～83．33％、53．52％～86．32％和33．33％～63．77％，对TP的去除率分别达到33．28％-66．9％、22．14％～55．85％和12．69％～42．71％，但对TN的去除效果较差，平均去除率只有19．09％．     

粪便污水与城市污水同步脱氮的优化控制

采用倒置A2/O工艺,以实际粪便污水与城市污水同步脱氮为目标进行试验。试验条件下得到,混合污水同步脱氮的临界氨氮污泥负荷为0.019 8 kg.kg-1.d-1;水力停留时间是混合污水脱氮的限制因素;污泥回流比对硝化和反硝化影响最弱;水温28～35℃时,混合污水同步脱氮最佳工况氨氮污泥负荷为0.018 kg.kg-1.d-1、水力停留时间为8 h、溶解氧浓度为2.0 mg.L-1、污泥回流比为80%、混合液回流比为150%、泥龄为20 d。此时,NH4+-N和TN去除率分别为97.0%～99.4%和61.4%～68.7%,出水可达标排放。     

厌氧附着膜膨胀床工艺处理有机污水的研究

用厌氧附着膜膨胀床工艺处理高浓度有机污水,可以取得相当高的运行效率,在进水COD浓度依次为5104,11006和29874mg/l,水力滞留时间为4.0,8.0和17.7小时的条件下,装置的COD负荷达30.6,33.0和40.4g/1.d,容积产气率达13.4,14.7和16.9 1/l.d,COD去除率稳定在80％以上,沼气CH_4含量高于56％.试验表明,处理上述各档浓度污水的适宜COD负荷为359/1.d;适宜的水力滞留时间为4.0,8.0和18.0小时.     

高负荷活性污泥法对生活污水的处理效果

[目的]探究高负荷活性污泥法与短程硝化和TN去除率之间的关系。[方法]采用A/O小试装置处理低C/N实际生活污水,将水力停留时间(HRT)降低至7.00和3.50 h,考察该方法对生活污水中氮的去除效果。[结果]在低HRT高负荷工况下,DO需要高达3.00 mg/L才能将NH_4~+-N完全去除。低HRT对于亚硝化率有一定影响,但进水NH_4~+-N浓度仍是影响亚硝化率的主要因素。在一定范围内,较低的NH_4~+-N去除率对TN去除没有影响。COD的去除不受低HRT影响。在高COD负荷下,提高DO浓度可以预防污泥膨胀,但会降低TN的去除率。[结论]低HRT对亚硝化率有一定影响,但影响亚硝化率最主要的因素是NH_4~+-N浓度。     

曝气生物滤池工艺处理港区污水中脱氮关键控制因素研究

[目的]探讨曝气生物滤池在处理港区污水中反应器的最佳工况参数.[方法]以某城市港区污水为处理对象,通过改变反应器的工艺参数,包括进水COD浓度、水力停留时间（HRT）和溶解氧（DO）等,考察各因素对反应器脱氮效果的影响,并综合考虑经济性原则,寻求最优化的工艺参数.[结果]进水COD浓度为190～220 mg/L时,有利于反硝化作用和TN的去除.HRT的延长有助于系统内硝化菌群的代谢,当HRT为6h时,NH4＋-N、TN去除率可维持较高水平.DO浓度宜保持在2.5～3.5 mg/L,可保证出水稳定的前提下尽量降低DO值,以使反应器能耗降低.[结论]该研究为港区污水的处理提供了一种新方法.     

Echinacoside promotes bone regeneration by increasing OPG/RANKL ratio in MC3T3-E1 cells

Echinacoside (ECH), isolated from Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) R. Wight stems, was subjected to in vitro experiments to investigate its bioactivities on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. MTT assay, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition were determined, and the secretion of collagen I (COL I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were also assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that ECH caused a significant increase in cell proliferation, ALP activity, COL I contents, OCN levels and an enhancement of mineralization in osteoblasts at the concentration range from 0.01 to 10 nmol·L^− 1 (p < 0.05), suggesting that ECH has a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation or has potential activity against osteoporosis. In addition, the ratio of OPG/RANKL also could be enhanced by ECH. These findings provide the potent evidence that ECH can promote bone regeneration in cultured osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, which might be done by elevating the OPG/RANKL ratio, and potential evidence for echinacoside to be a promising drug or a lead compound in the development of disease-modifying drug to prevent osteoporosis.     

BAF工艺处理临时工地生活污水中关键控制因素研究

采用模拟工地污水进行研究,通过改变反应器的工艺参数,包括进水COD浓度、水力停留时间（HRT）和溶解氧（D0）等,考察各因素对反应器脱氮效果的影响,并综合考虑经济性原则,寻求最优化的工艺参数.结果表明,进水COD浓度在190～ 220 mg/L范围内有利于反硝化作用和TN的去除.HRT的延长有助于系统内硝化菌群的代谢,当HRT为6h时,NH4＋-N、TN去除率可维持较高水平.DO宜保持在2.5～3.5 mg/L之间,可保证出水稳定的前提下尽量降低DO值,以使反应器能耗降低.     

水力停留时间对活性污泥系统的硝化性能及其生物结构的影响

利用微生物呼吸醌指纹谱图结合传统分析方法研究了水力停留时间(HRT从30 h逐步缩短至5 h)对活性污泥硝化性能及种群结构的影响.结果表明,对于NH₄⁺-N浓度为500 mg·L^-1的废水,在HRT≥20 h时,氨氮去除率可达98%以上.若继续缩短HRT,污泥流失严重,尽管进水NH₄⁺-N浓度降低,出水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂