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1.
Although knowledge of the bioactive compounds produced by species inhabiting coastal waters is increasing, little is known about the bioactive potential produced by marine species occupying deeper habitats with high biodiversity and productivity. Here, we investigate about the bioactive potential of molecules produced by species that inhabit the crinoid beds, a poorly known essential fish habitat affected by trawling, wherein large amounts of commercial and noncommercial species are discarded. Based on a trawl survey conducted in 2019, 14% of the 64 species discarded on crinoid beds produce molecules with some type of bioactive potential, including; soft corals (Alcyonium palmatum); tunicates (Ascidia mentula); bony fish, such as horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus); European hake (Merluccius merluccius); and chondrichthyans, such as small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). In addition, 16% of the discarded species had congeneric species that produce compounds with bioactive potential, indicating that such species might also possess similar types of bioactive molecules. Molecules with antioxidant, antitumour, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties were the most frequent, which could provide the basis for future research aiming to discover new marine-based drugs and compounds for other human uses. Among all species or genera that produce compounds with bioactive potential, 68% presented medium or high vulnerability to trawling. Results show that the discarded catch contains many species, which produce different bioactive compounds that represent an added-value resource. These results highlight the importance of manage properly crinoid beds, to ensure that species that produce molecules with bioactive potential inhabiting these habitats are protected.  相似文献   
2.
气候变化条件下中国灌溉面积变化的产量效应   总被引:7,自引:7,他引:0  
灌溉可以有效缓解气候变化对粮食生产的不利影响。采用中国不同区域2006-2019年实际灌溉用水量,对4个气候模式(GFDL-ESM2M,Had GEM2-ES,IPSL-CAM5-LR,MIROC5)驱动下的3种作物模型(GEPIC、PEPIC和LPJml)的灌溉用水量进行评估,优选模拟结果较好的前5个模式组合,分析RCP2.6和RCP6.0情景下,2021-2050年中国玉米、水稻、大豆和小麦产量变化,评估灌溉面积扩张的增产效应。结果显示:未来气候变化下,2021-2050年降水量的增加使得中国水稻和大豆以及北方地区玉米和小麦产量均呈现增长趋势,其中东北80%左右的地区和西北70%左右的地区玉米产量将提高0.2~0.8 t/hm~2,东北85%左右的地区水稻和大豆增产幅度分别超过1.0、0.5 t/hm~2,东北90%左右的地区和西北75%左右的地区小麦产量增幅分别介于1.0~2.0、0.5~1.0 t/hm~2之间。降水量的减少使得西南南部地区的玉米和小麦产量均下降0.2 t/hm~2左右。不同区域玉米和小麦的增产效应差异明显,由于北部地区光热条件较差、小麦基础产量较低,使得小麦灌溉增产潜力(1%~11%)以及增产效率((0.12±0.06)kg/m~3)均较高,北部地区小麦的灌溉面积扩张可有效应对气候变化的不利影响。  相似文献   
3.
以地面观测降水作为参照,在美国俄克拉荷马州Little Washita River流域,对比分析了TRMM 3B42 V7,GPM-IMERG卫星降水和Stage IV雷达降水的精度,并用这3种降水产品驱动CREST分布式水文模型,评估了其水文模拟效用.研究表明:3种降水产品与地面降水的相关系数均大于0.5,通过了0.05置信水平检验;GPM-IMERG和TRMM3B42 V7卫星降水对无雨和微雨存在低估,对大雨和暴雨存在高估;总体上,Stage IV降水精度最好,其次GPM降水精度优于TRMM 3B42 V7.在水文模拟效用评估中,设定相同率定期,分别使用3种降水产品率定CREST模型参数,得到率定参数集后,在相同验证期对流域日径流过程进行模拟.对比结果表明:Stage IV雷达降水在小流域水文模拟中效果最好,GPM-IMERG次之,TRMM 3B42 V7模拟效果不理想.  相似文献   
4.
5.
Rising temperatures caused by climate change are likely to affect cool‐water and warm‐water fishes differently. Yet, forecasts of anticipated temperature effects on fishes of different thermal guilds are lacking, especially in freshwater ecosystems. Towards this end, we used spatially explicit, growth rate potential (GRP) models to project changes in seasonal habitat quality for a warm‐water piscivore (largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides), a cool‐water piscivore (walleye Sander vitreus) and a hybrid piscivore (saugeye S. vitreus × S. canadensis) in two Midwestern reservoirs. We assessed habitat quality for two periods (early and middle 21st century) under two realistic greenhouse gas emission scenarios (a mid‐century emissions peak and a rapid continuous increase in emissions). Largemouth bass were projected to experience enhanced or slightly reduced habitat during all seasons, and throughout the mid‐21st century. By contrast, walleye habitat was projected to decline with anticipated warming, except during the spring in the smaller of our two study reservoirs and during the fall in the larger of our two study reservoirs. Saugeye habitat was projected to either increase modestly or decline slightly during the spring and fall and declines in habitat quality and quantity that were smaller than those for walleye were identified during summer. Collectively, our findings indicate that climate warming will differentially alter habitat suitability for reservoir piscivores, favouring warm‐water species over cool‐water species. We expect these changes in habitat quality to impact the dynamics of reservoir fish populations to varying degrees necessitating the consideration of climate when making future management decisions.  相似文献   
6.
李娥  赵锦  叶清  高继卿  杨晓光 《中国农业科学》2021,54(18):3847-3859
【目的】研究气候变化背景下东北三省春玉米品种熟型调整敏感区域内的降水条件变化及其对产量的可能影响,为当地春玉米种植品种熟型的调整提供科学参考。【方法】以1985年为时间节点,将1961—2017年分为2个时间段(1961—1985年和1986—2017年)。基于东北三省春玉米品种熟型调整敏感区域内的24个地面气象观测站点1961—2017年地面气象观测资料和16个农业气象试验站点1981—2007年玉米生育期的观测资料,分析春玉米不同生育阶段水分条件的变化特征,并运用作物生产潜力逐级订正法计算降水条件变化对生产潜力的影响。【结果】(1)1961—2017年,东北三省春玉米品种熟型调整的敏感地带内实际播种期呈提前趋势,成熟期呈推迟趋势,实际生产中品种熟型的调整导致实际生育期延长。(2)敏感区域内春玉米品种熟型的调整,使生育前期(播种—拔节)和后期(开花—成熟)需水量增加,生育中期(拔节—开花)需水量减少;同时,生育前期有效降水量呈现增加趋势,生育中期和后期有效降水量呈现减少趋势。(3)品种熟型调整后,春玉米生育中期有效降水量满足率最低。(4)品种熟型调整后,气候生产潜力在中晚熟品种调整为晚熟的区域5南部和西部的宽甸和通榆站点呈减小趋势,波动性增加,在特早熟品种调整为早熟的区域1和早熟品种调整为中熟的区域3北部气候生产潜力呈增加趋势且波动性降低。【结论】全球气候变化的背景下,东北地区敏感区域内有效降水量满足率在生育中期和后期降低,气候生产潜力在研究区域的西部和南部减小、东部增大且不稳定性高。因此,在敏感区域的东部、西部和南部仍要进一步关注品种熟型的选取,同时在春玉米生育中期和后期,及时进行灌溉补充水分,确保春玉米产量。  相似文献   
7.
采用地下管道进行土壤增温5℃与透明U型管隔离降水50%的方法,人工模拟21世纪末全球气候变暖大环境下闽西北中亚热带地区杉木的生长环境。借助生物数码显微图像分析系统测定了土壤增温隔水处理对杉木幼林材管胞形态的影响规律。结果表明,土壤增温5℃极显著降低了杉木幼林材管胞长度、宽度、腔径和长宽比,显著提高了杉木幼林材管胞壁腔比,而对杉木幼林材管胞壁厚影响不显著;隔离降水50%极显著降低了杉木幼林材管胞宽度、壁厚和腔径,极显著提高了杉木幼林材管胞长宽比,而对杉木幼林材管胞长度、壁腔比影响不显著;土壤增温5℃且隔离降水50%极显著降低了杉木幼林材管胞的壁厚,显著降低了杉木幼林材管胞的长宽比;土壤增温对杉木幼林材管胞形态的影响总体上大于隔离降水。研究结果为全球变暖大环境下杉木人工林木材品质定向培育及其合理利用提供理论依据。  相似文献   
8.
Ali SOUEI 《干旱区科学》2021,13(11):1122-1141
The water resources of the Nadhour-Sisseb-El Alem Basin in Tunisia exhibit semi-arid and arid climatic conditions. This induces an excessive pumping of groundwater, which creates drops in water level ranging about 1-2 m/a. Indeed, these unfavorable conditions require interventions to rationalize integrated management in decision making. The aim of this study is to determine a water recharge index (WRI), delineate the potential groundwater recharge area and estimate the potential groundwater recharge rate based on the integration of statistical models resulted from remote sensing imagery, GIS digital data (e.g., lithology, soil, runoff), measured artificial recharge data, fuzzy set theory and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Eight factors affecting potential groundwater recharge were determined, namely lithology, soil, slope, topography, land cover/use, runoff, drainage and lineaments. The WRI is between 1.2 and 3.1, which is classified into five classes as poor, weak, moderate, good and very good sites of potential groundwater recharge area. The very good and good classes occupied respectively 27% and 44% of the study area. The potential groundwater recharge rate was 43% of total precipitation. According to the results of the study, river beds are favorable sites for groundwater recharge.  相似文献   
9.
10.
Since its invasion into China in 1979, the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury, has spread from Dandong city (about 40°N) in Liaoning Province to Nanjing city (about 32°N) in Jiangsu Province, and to other areas. Owing to geographic and latitudinal gradients in temperature, H. cunea will encounter temperature changes during the spreading process. In this study, we verified the hypothesis that autumn warming accelerates the energy consumption of H. cunea diapause pupae. We found that, after autumn warming, the body size and mass of diapause pupae decreased significantly and raised constant temperature accelerated carbohydrate and protein consumption in female pupae, while fluctuating temperature changes had a more pronounced effect on carbohydrate and protein consumption in male pupae. Contrary to expectations, the lipid content of diapause pupae did not decrease after autumn warming, and even increased significantly. We conclude that warming in autumn accelerates energy consumption by diapause pupae, and the autumn energy consumption of diapause pupae is dominated by carbohydrates, supplemented by protein when carbohydrates are overconsumed, while lipid use is dominated by anabolic metabolism during autumn.  相似文献   
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