Numerical study on wave attenuation inside and around a square array of biofouled net cages

In this study, waves propagating through a square array of 16 net cages with different levels of biofouling are numerically studied using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. A porous-media fluid model is adopted to simulate both clean and biofouled netting of a cage array in waves. A numerical wave tank is built, and the oscillating-boundary method is adopted to generate waves. The flow motion is solved by the Navier-Stokes equations, and the free water surface is captured using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The numerical model is validated by comparing the numerical data with corresponding experimental measurements of a net-cage model with clean netting. To analyze wave attenuation, a numerical analysis of wave elevation both inside and around the cage arrays is presented, which considers the effect of biofouling. Based on the results of the present study, the effect of biofouling on wave elevation is noticeable; the damping effect of the cage array increases with increasing level of biofouling. Furthermore, the incident angle of waves has a noticeable effect on the wave field inside and around the cage array.     

鸡传染性支气管炎弱毒疫苗株安全性和免疫效力初步评价

通过对QX基因型IBV分离株SDZB0808进行鸡胚连续100次传代致弱后获得子代病毒P100。为了明确P100的的致弱效果和免疫原性,对其进行了安全性和免疫效力评价。安全性试验结果显示,P100以105.5 EID50/只的剂量对3日龄的SPF鸡进行免疫后试验,与正常对照组相比没有明显临床症状和病理变化,气管和肾脏组织也没有病理组织损伤。免疫效力试验结果发现,P100以104.5 EID50/只的剂量免疫3日龄SPF鸡,14d后对同源强毒SDZB0808和异源强毒SDIB821/2012的攻击都具有100%的临床保护,病理组织学检查发现P100免疫攻毒组试验鸡气管和肾脏与正常对照没有差异,排毒检测结果显示P100免疫攻毒组试验鸡内脏组织病毒检出率大大低于攻毒对照组。本研究结果表明P100对SPF鸡具有良好的安全性和免疫效力,可以作为IBV弱毒疫苗候选株。     

I-214杨染色单板光变色规律的研究

以染料弱酸深蓝5R和活性艳红X-3B染色的I-214杨素材和漂白板为试材,选用氙光作照射光源,考察不同染料、不同工艺条件下染色单板在110 h光照过程中试材表面材色指数,即明度指数(L*),色度指数(a*与b*)和变色度(△E* ab)的变化.结果表明:染色单板在110 h氙光照射过程中变色明显,b*值提高显著;△E* ab在光照初期大,后期平缓直到不变;同一品种染料,高浓度染液中染色单板比低浓度染液的光照变色大,浸染时间长短对染色单板光照变色影响不明显,先漂白再染色的单板材色均匀,光照变色平缓;不同品种染料的染色单板光照变色规律有差异.     

Wood Moisture Content Measurement by X-Ray Exposure Method

lNTRoDUCTIONTheon-sitcnon-dcstructit'cmcasurcl11cntofu.oodmoisbocontcntattTactsgrcatintcrcsts.Itpla3'simpor-tantpartsinthescicntificrcscarchsucl1asonthchcatandmasstransportproccssesint"ooddri'ing.thcim-pregnationofliquidinxt'ood.thcmoisturccontcntdistri-b…     

Evolutionary characteristics of morbilliviruses during serial passages in vitro: Gradual attenuation of virus virulence

The genus Morbillivirus is classified into the family Paramyxoviridae, and is composed of 6 members, namely measles virus (MV), rinderpest virus (RPV), peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV), canine distemper virus (CDV), phocine distemper virus (PDV) and cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV). The MV, RPV, PPRV and CDV have been successfully attenuated through their serial passages in vitro for the production of live vaccines. It has been demonstrated that the morbilliviral virulence in animals was progressively attenuated with their consecutive passages in vitro. However, only a few reports were involved in explanation of an attenuation-related mechanism on them until many years after the establishment of a quasispecies theory. RNA virus quasispecies arise from rapid evolution of viruses with high mutation rate during genomic replication, and play an important role in gradual loss of viral virulence by serial passages. Here, we overviewed the development of live-attenuated vaccine strains against morbilliviruses by consecutive passages in vitro, and further discussed a related mechanism concerning the relationship between virulence attenuation and viral evolution.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒肾致病株的致弱及免疫研究

用已鉴定的广西鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)分离株G,C,Z和Q分别通过鸡胚传代进行致弱,在一定代次时分别接种敏感鸡作毒力测定试验.然后用已致弱的毒株在实验室进行攻击保护试验,最后取已致弱而且抗原性良好的毒株在广西各地鸡场进行田间应用试验。结果表明,C株在传至40代时,G,Z和Q株分别传至20代时对鸡的毒性均已大大降低;免疫鸡用标准强毒株(M_(41))攻击,然后用病毒回收的技术来衡量其免疫力,结果各株经免疫两次后均有很好的保护率(60％～100％),均显著优于对照组(P<0.01);致弱株分别在南宁、柳州、容县、岑溪和博自5县市的11个鸡场进行田间试验,试验的鸡有30群共103761羽,试验时分别对疫苗免疫对鸡生产性能的影响、安全性和育成率进行观察和测算,结果表明,作者培育的IBV弱毒苗对鸡是安全的,使用C_(60)或C_(80)和G_(20)株先后两次免疫鸡,对IB有较好预防效果,这些弱毒株有希望成为供生产使用的疫苗。     

Comparative analysis on cable shielding effectiveness test by absorbing clamp method and line injection method

为分析功率吸收钳法和线注入法电缆屏蔽效能测试方法的可比较性,进行了2种测试方法测试结果关系的推导与分析.介绍了功率吸收钳法和线注入法电缆屏蔽性能测试的原理,推导了表征电缆屏蔽性能的屏蔽衰减与转移阻抗两参数间的关系,利用该关系进行功率吸收钳法和线注入法电缆屏蔽性能测试数据比较分析,结果表明:截止频率以下,由于线注入法受试电缆为电短,屏蔽衰减与电缆长度相关,2种测试方法测试结果不一致;截止频率以上,线注入法与功率吸收钳法受试电缆均为电长,测试结果一致.功率吸收钳法和线注入法测试结果相互关联,2种测试方法具有可比较性.     

蔬菜大棚墒情预报的衰减指数平滑模型

利用宿迁市船行灌区实测数据率定衰减指数平滑模型的参数,研究了衰减指数平滑模型在蔬菜大棚墒情预报中的适用性。结果表明,与霍尔特双参数模型相比,衰减指数平滑模型改善了预报效果,用于蔬菜大棚墒情预报具有较高的精度。     

A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF VOLUME AND X-RAY ATTENUATION OF THE LUNGS OF BEAGLES IN VARIOUS BODY POSITIONS

The influence of body position on volume and x-ray attenuation of the lungs of three Beagles was investigated with computed tomography. In left and right lateral recumbency, the dependent lung had decreased volume and increased x-ray attenuation compared with ventral recumbency. Volume and x-ray attenuation of the nondependent lung, however, were unchanged. In dorsal recumbency, there was a vertical gradient of x-ray attenuation being increased dorsally and decreased ventrally compared with ventral recumbency where regional differences in x-ray attenuation were not found. Results indicate a risk of overlooking a mass in the dependent pulmonary parenchyma of dogs in lateral and dorsal recumbency. Regional differences in x-ray attenuation of the lungs of dogs can be avoided if the radiographs are obtained with the dog in ventral recumbency.