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1.
为筛选出高效低毒并对作物安全的防治药剂,为茭白胡麻叶斑病的田间防治提供科学依据,选择7种常用杀菌剂进行田间药效试验,测定7种药剂对‘余茭4号’茭白胡麻叶斑病的防治效果。结果表明,供试7种杀菌剂中,12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂的防效在用药7 d和14 d后达64.0%和55.67%,在7种杀菌剂防效中表现最优,同时12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂处理的茭白与对照处理在株高上无显著差异,且植株的分蘖数显著高于对照。因此,推荐12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂为茭白胡麻叶斑病发生初期使用的杀菌剂。  相似文献   
2.
为明确当地冬小麦田常用除草剂和杀菌剂混用的药效及对小麦的安全性,探索一次施药兼防兼治病虫杂草的目的, 通过设置7个除草剂与杀菌剂的混合使用,记载各处理对小麦有无药害,药害症状和程度;同时观察对小麦条锈病防治效果。结果表明,药剂混配使用有增效和扩大防治对象的作用,节省劳动力,但二甲唑草酮·双氟磺草胺和甲基二磺隆二者之间不能混配使用。  相似文献   
3.
8种杀菌剂对小麦条锈病的田间防效   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2019—2020年,田间试验观测了8种杀菌剂对小麦条锈病的防治效果。结果表明,125 g/L氟环唑悬浮剂56.25 g/hm~2、250 g/L丙环唑乳油112.5 g/hm~2及250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯油112.5 g/hm~2的推荐使用剂量对小麦条锈病的防效均达80%以上,其中氟环唑3次调查的防效分别为91.80%、93.57%、88.61%。与清水对照相比,8种杀菌剂处理后小麦产量均增加,125 g/L中氟环唑悬浮剂56.25 g/hm~2和250 g/L丙环唑乳油112.5 g/hm~2处理增产效果最明显,增产率分别为25.38%和21.56%,可大面积应用。  相似文献   
4.
【目的】研究冷胁迫条件下萎锈灵杀菌剂对棉花种子发芽率、保苗率及幼苗耐低温冷害胁迫能力的影响,为萎锈灵杀菌剂应用于棉花生产提供依据。【方法】在室内制备5种不同浓度(4.2%、5.7%、7.2%,8.7%和10.2%)的萎锈灵,以裸种子不包衣处理作为空白对照,以基础杀菌剂包衣处理作为参比对照,按药种比1∶100进行种子包衣处理,测定在冷胁迫条件下萎锈灵杀菌剂对棉种的发芽率、出苗率、保苗率、棉苗株高、叶片数、干鲜重和光合参数,并采用主成分分析法,综合评价萎锈灵对棉花耐低温胁迫的影响。【结果】8.7%萎锈灵处理的种子发芽率较空白对照分别增加7.0%(25℃)、12.0%(18℃)、18.0%(15℃)和20.5%(12℃),较参比对照分别增加5.0%(25℃)、9.0%(18℃)、12.0%(15℃)和16.4%(12℃)。7.2%萎锈灵处理的出苗率较空白对照增加10.1%,较参比对照增加13.0%、8.7%萎锈灵处理的保苗率较空白对照增加9.1%,较参比对照增加13.2%。7.2%萎锈灵处理的幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜重和干重分别较空白对照增加8.9%、9.7%、7.4%和25.4%,较参比对照分别增加10.8%、10.7%、8.3%和27.5%。7.2%萎锈灵处理提高了在冷胁迫条件下的棉花幼苗叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度指标,较空白对照分别增加11.0%、17.0%和9.0%,较参比对照分别增加6.0%、6.0%和5.0%,这些指标差异均达显著水平。7.2%萎锈灵杀菌剂处理增强棉花耐低温冷害胁迫能力的作用效果最好,其次为8.7%萎锈灵杀菌剂。【结论】萎锈灵杀菌剂处理能够增强棉花种子活力,提高了发芽率、出苗率和保苗效果,提高了棉苗耐低温冷害胁迫能力,可促进棉苗光合作用和生长。  相似文献   
5.
Grain yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains are often reduced by the presence of foliar diseases. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of foliar fungicides is an economically optimal management strategy. The effects of fungicide treatment on commercially available hard red winter wheat varieties with differing levels of genetic resistance (i.e., resistant, intermediate, and susceptible) to foliar diseases were investigated at two locations, Apache and Lahoma, OK, USA, for the harvest years 2005–2012. Two fungicides were rotated between the two locations and applied at approximately Feekes growth stage 9–10.5. When averaged across years, plots to which fungicide was applied generated greater average net returns than plots that did not receive fungicide for susceptible varieties at Apache, and for resistant, intermediate, and susceptible varieties at Lahoma. However, foliar fungicide application was not economical in every year at either location suggesting fungicide use should be reassessed each year given that profitability depends on year specific yield potential, prices, and foliar disease conditions. At both locations high disease incidence occurred in all but one site-year when the average March through May relative humidity exceeded 65%. Additional research would be required to determine the relationship between weather, including relative humidity, and disease incidence, and to develop an economic threshold for treatment decision aid.  相似文献   
6.
Watermelon yield loss due to Fusarium wilt is increasing in the U.S., due in part to the emergence of the virulent race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and to the shift in production to triploid cultivars, which generally have less host resistance than previously grown diploid cultivars. One potential management strategy is the use of soil-applied fungicides to reduce Fusarium wilt. The U.S. national program, interregional project 4 (IR-4) supported multistate trials of soil-applied chemicals to manage Fusarium wilt of watermelon. Greenhouse trials were conducted in Maryland, Indiana and Georgia to test the efficacy of 14 chemicals on Fusarium wilt. Based on the performance of these chemicals in the greenhouse, six in Maryland and Delaware and eight in Indiana were selected for subsequent field evaluations. These chemicals were applied once, as a drench at planting, in field trials in Maryland, Indiana, and Delaware in 2008. The fungicides prothioconazole, acibenzolar-S-methyl, and thiophanate-methyl resulted in the greatest reduction in Fusarium wilt, and caused no phytotoxicity. In Maryland and Indiana in 2009, these chemicals were applied through the drip irrigation line alone and in combination, at 0, 2 and 4 weeks after planting. The experiment was repeated in 2010 in Maryland. Prothioconazole alone and in combination with acibenzolar-S-methyl or/and thiophanate-methyl resulted in the greatest decrease in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of Fusarium wilt of watermelon in Maryland in 2009. The same trend was observed in 2010 in Maryland where three of the prothioconazole treatments ranked the lowest of all treatments and prothioconazole in combination with thiophanate-methyl had significantly lower Fusarium wilt AUDPC compared to the non-treated control. All chemical applications except for acibenzolar-S-methyl in combination with prothioconazole reduced Fusarium wilt AUDPC in Indiana in 2009. Prothioconazole alone and prothioconazole in combination with thiophanate-methyl ranked lowest in Fusarium wilt AUDPC, although not significantly lower than most other treatments. These studies are the first to demonstrate that the soil-applied fungicides prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl may provide an additional field management option for Fusarium wilt of watermelon.  相似文献   
7.
采用生长速率法,测定了咪鲜胺锰盐、福·福锌、苯醚·溴菌腈、二氢蒽醌、苯醚甲环唑和多福·溴菌腈等6种新型化学药剂对菜豆炭疽病菌的生长抑制作用。结果表明,6种化学药剂对菜豆炭疽病菌均具有抑制作用,其中80%福·福锌可湿性粉剂和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的抑菌效果最好,浓度为1 000 mg·L~(-1)时的抑菌率分别达到了77.68%和72.96%,EC_(50)分别为212.41 mg·L~(-1)和296.83 mg·L~(-1)。因此,80%福·福锌可湿性粉剂和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂可作为田间防治菜豆炭疽病的候选药剂。  相似文献   
8.
甘蔗褐条病病原菌分离鉴定及其室内毒力的测定   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
针对海南省不同植蔗区甘蔗褐条病的典型病斑进行分离培养、单孢纯化、形态学观察、致病性检测以及结合r DNA-ITS序列分析鉴定病原菌。分离到的5株病原菌,经回接实验表明,病原菌HT-4致病性最强,能引起与田间病害一致的症状,将菌株HT-4的r DNA-ITS序列在NCBI上进行BLAST比对。结果表明:菌株HT-4与离蠕孢属(Bipolaris)相似性达到99%,结合形态学分析确定该菌是甘蔗褐条病的病原菌。室内毒力实验表明:在7种供试药剂中,50%咪鲜胺锰盐和10%苯醚甲环唑对病原菌抑制效果最好,EC50值分别为4.400 6 mg/L和9.421 1 mg/L。结果为甘蔗褐条病的防控提供科学参考。  相似文献   
9.
[目的]筛选对人参黑斑病菌有较强抑菌活性的杀菌剂。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法,测试对比7种杀菌剂在不同浓度梯度条件下对人参黑斑病菌的室内抑菌活性。[结果]室内抑菌活性测定结果表明,7种杀菌剂在各自供试的不同浓度处理间均有显著差异;毒力测定结果表明世高的EC50值最小(0.61 mg/L),其次为链霉素和克菌丹,EC50值均小于100 mg/L。[结论]该研究结果为进一步田间药效试验奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   
10.
The epidemiology of wheat blast, caused by the Triticum pathotype of Pyricularia oryzae, is poorly understood, making it very difficult to manage. We reported on the individual and combined effect of host resistance and fungicide application for managing wheat blast disease on spikes. Two field experiments (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2) were conducted in a region of Brazil where blast is not known to be endemic to evaluate its development as influenced by fungicide and host resistance. Plots of wheat cultivars BR-18 (partially resistant) and Guamirim (susceptible) were either treated with the fungicide epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin or left non-treated, and then inoculated with a spore suspension of P. oryzae at mid-anthesis. Spike blast incidence and severity, quantified at regular intervals after inoculation, increased over time, and fungicide and cultivar had statistically significant effects (P < 0.005) on both measures of disease and their temporal rates of progress. Relative to Guamirim-non-treated, BR-18-non-treated (resistance alone) led to 44 and 64% control of final incidence and severity, respectively, in Exp. 1, and 3 and 49% control, respectively, in Exp. 2. Guamirim-treated (fungicide alone) led to 65% control of incidence and 77% control of severity in Exp. 1, and 64% control of incidence and 95% control of severity in Exp. 2. For both incidence and severity, fungicide and resistance alone also reduced the temporal rate of progress relative to the susceptible non-treated. However, the greatest overall efficacy was observed when resistance and fungicide were combined, with over 70 and 90% control of final incidence and severity, respectively, and over 75% reduction in the temporal rate of spike blast progress. Based on percent control, the integrated effect of resistance and fungicide was additive for incidence, severity, and their temporal rates of progress, demonstrating the value of combining the two strategies to manage spike blast.  相似文献   
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