中国农耕区土壤有机质含量及其与酸碱度和容重关系

对我国农耕区土壤有机质区域变化及其与酸碱度和容重关系进行系统分析，为耕地地力提升和改善土壤结构提供支撑。基于国家级耕地长期定位监测点913个，统计分析全国及7大区域（东北NE、华北NC、西北NW、长江中游MYR、长三角YRD、华南SC、西南SW）耕层土壤有机质含量、酸碱度及容重变化特征。结果表明，全国农耕区耕层土壤有机质含量平均值为22.4~24.8 g/kg。其中有机质含量中等偏低的监测点位占比达72.5%。不同区域耕层土壤有机质含量差异显著（p<0.05），MYR耕层土壤有机质含量显著高于其他6个区域。全国农耕区耕层土壤pH和容重平均分别为（6.90±1.20），（1.30±0.15） g/cm³。不同土壤利用方式对土壤有机质、酸碱度及容重产生影响。水田耕层土壤有机质含量显著高于旱地，旱地耕层土壤pH和容重则显著高于水田。亚当斯方程和指数函数分别推荐拟合土壤容重对有机质含量响应关系（R²=0.09，RMSE=0.17，n=759），以及土壤pH对土壤有机质含量响应（R²=0.16，RMSE=1.24，n=886）。全国农耕区耕层土壤有机质含量总体中等偏低，呈现出东南向西北依次降低趋势。土壤pH及容重与土壤有机质呈现显著的负相关关系。亚当斯模型及指数方程能较好地拟合土壤容重及pH对有机质的响应关系，可用于非线性插值法补充土壤容重及pH缺失值。     

农业用地土壤重金属样本点数据精化方法——以北京市顺义区为例

样本点空间分布是样点数据检测评价和挖掘分析的关键因素。以北京市顺义区为例，研发了一种农业用地土壤重金属样本点数据精化方法：首先构建样本点均匀变异指数和均匀因子离散图来共同检测样本点数据均匀性，进一步将样本点类型划分为均匀样本点、聚集样本点和稀疏样本点并确定其数量；其次删除聚集样本点，基于研究区历史数据加密稀疏样本点；最后基于地理空间样本点均匀变异指数、特征空间偏离指数和插值误差共同评价数据精化效果。结果表明，研究区样本点的均匀变异指数为0.429，存在一个聚集样本点和一个稀疏样本点，空间偏离指数为0.327，空间属性插值误差为6.538；冗余数据精化后进行均匀性检测没有发现聚集样本点和稀疏样本点，均匀变异指数下降到0.406，特征空间偏离指数微弱下降，空间属性插值误差下降到6.357。研究表明该方法可以对提高采样数据的均匀性和代表性提供理论指导，可以服务于土壤污染防治行动计划（土十条）、土壤污染状况详查等，为更加精确研究土壤空间信息变化提供一定的基础条件。     

景观生态学在生态旅游景区开发中的应用探讨——以喀纳斯为例

目前,生态旅游景区开发缺乏成熟的、系统的学科作为理论和技术支撑,而景观生态学则以其特有的关注对象、特有的视角、思维方式、尺度选择、理论框架,在生态旅游景区开发中应用前景十分广阔。文章以喀纳斯旅游景区为例,结合景观生态学中的景观结构原理、景观功能分区原理和景观安全格局原理,并在景观生态规划原则的指导下,分析了喀纳斯的景观结构、功能分区和如何维护其景观安全格局,以保证喀纳斯生态旅游景区的可持续发展。     

不同立地条件香椿人工林木材材质的比较

通过对不同立地条件下香椿人工林木材物理力学性质的测定和比较分析表明:香椿人工林木材密度和干缩性随着立地级的提高而减小;木材顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和硬度:Ⅰ级地<Ⅱ级地<Ⅲ级地,抗弯弹性模量、抗劈力、冲击韧性:Ⅱ级地>Ⅰ级地>Ⅲ级地,顺纹抗剪强度:Ⅱ级地>Ⅲ级地>Ⅰ级地。差异显著性t检验表明:香椿人工林木材密度Ⅰ级地、Ⅱ级地、Ⅲ级地间差异不显著。香椿人工林木材干缩性和力学性质指标Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级地3者间有的指标差异极显著,有的指标差异显著,大部分指标差异不显著。     

Characteristic site disturbance due to harvesting and extraction machinery traffic on sensitive forest sites with peat soils

The effects of wood harvesting and extraction machinery traffic on sensitive forest sites with peat soils were characterised with the objective of quantifying the threshold levels beyond which significant site impacts (compaction and rutting) would occur. The treatments involved running the machines in selected extraction racks (i.e., 3 m wide machine routes) while conducting normal wood thinning and extraction operations comprising one and two passes by the harvester and the forwarder with full payload, respectively. Soil disturbance thresholds were established by testing the level of significance of the difference in induced soil damage and compaction before and after machine traffic treatments. For volumetric soil water content lying between 10.0 and 14.9%, threshold cone penetration resistance levels for two 600/55–30.5 tyres were found to range from 594 to 640 kPa for deep-raised peat soil with initial strength lying between 524 and 581 kPa. In general, the proportion of the total rut depth data in each rack that exceeded the threshold level of 21.5 cm was about 5%. The threshold value corresponds to sinkage equivalent to 15% of the overall wheel diameter of the harvester, above which machine mobility would be hampered considerably. In addition, after harvester traffic the mean rut depth per unit rack length was 10.2×10⁻² cm/m, and it ranged from 0.7 to 24.7×10⁻² cm/m.     

Simultaneous flowering of umbrella bamboo （Fargesia murieliae） at its native home in Central China

Introduction The life history of many bamboo species is characterized by an unusual flowering habit. They often flower and die simultaneously over wide areas at long intervals (3–120 years), and then regenerate from seed or rhizome (Janzen 1976; Liese 19…     

采伐迹地的火烧清理对土壤理化性质的影响

本文讨论了火烧清理采伐迹地剩余物对土壤理化性质产业的影响，并提出了相应的建议。     

城镇地价监测点的地价测算分析

城镇地价监测点的土地价格是由点到面的对城镇地价的总体反映,其价格的测算与确定直接影响着政府部门对整个城市地价水平的把握和控制。为此,根据地价监测点在城镇内不同用地类型、不同区域和不同土地级别中的分布,确定测算地价监测点最佳方法,然后具体分析和测算监测点的修正系数,最后计算出监测点地价,从而形成一套完整的地价监测点土地价格测算模式。     

植物MYB蛋白与相应靶DNA结合位点间的相互作用

MYB转录因子家族是功能多样、数量众多的转录因子之一,参与调控植物发育、代谢和对逆境胁迫响应等多种生理过程。近些年研究人员一直致力于研究MYB转录因子的特点和功能分析,目前对转录因子和其靶DNA相互作用已有了解,但对于植物R2R3-MYB蛋白与它们的同源靶DNA相互作用的分子机制的理解并不完整。本文结合最新研究进展,综述了植物MYB转录因子家族的进化、生物学功能以及表达调控,并着重阐述了植物MYB蛋白与相应靶DNA间相互作用特性,为进一步分析功能未知的植物MYB转录因子提供了参考。     

Molecular characerization of the interaction between the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum and tomato

The fungus Cladosprium fulvum is a biotrophic leaf pathogen of tomato. The fungus develops in the intercellular space without forming specialized feeding structures and does not affect the leaf tissue. The outcome of the C. fulvum-tomato interaction can be described by the gene-for-gene model. Failure of infection is expressed by a hypersensitive response. Two fungal proteins, ECP1 and ECP2, have been isolated and their corresponding genes have been cloned. In a compatible interaction including many physiological races ECP1 and ECP2 are highly produced and a role in pathogenicity is suggestive. The ecp1 gene shows some homology with tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) while the ecp2 gene shows no homology with sequences known in data bases. However, disruption of one of the two genes showed no reduced pathogenicity of the fungus. Two race-specific elicitors, AVR4 and AVR9, have been isolated and their corresponding genes have been cloned. The avirulence genes Avr4 and Avr9 are only present in C. fulvum avirulent on Cf-4 and Cf-9 cultivars, respectively. The expression of these two genes is, like the expression of the ecp genes, highly induced when the fungus grows in planta. Disruption of the Avr9 gene in wild type avirulent races leads to virulence on tomato genotypes carrying the complementary resistance gene Cf-9. A single base-pair change in the avirulence gene Avr4 leads to virulence on tomato genotypes carrying the Cf-4 resistance gene. Isolation, characterization and possible function of ECP1, ECP2, AVR4, and AVR9 will be discussed.