Effects of environmental factors and food availability in Northern Aegean sea on the cultivation of Mediterranean Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

This study used two different collectors made of polypropylene (PP) rope and polyethylene (PE) fishing net to determine Mediterranean mussel's settlement, growth, condition index (CI), meat yield (MY) and shell thickness index (STI) during the period spent between June 2017 and November 2018. With this regard, chlorophyll a, water temperature, salinity, pH and particulate matter were defined through water samples that were collected on monthly basis triplicate. The mean chlorophyll a level was recorded as 0.32 ± 0.31 μg/L, while water temperature was 19.73 ± 5.14°C, salinity was 35 ± 2.070‰, pH was 8.12 ± 0.04, and TPM was 14.91 ± 10.48 mg/L. As a result of the cultivation period of 8 months spent following the first intense grip, the length of the mussels is measured as 31.79 ± 6.20 mm. Based on the Pearson correlation analysis results, the most important environmental parameter affecting Mediterranean mussels growth in length on PP rope collectors is the temperature (p < .05). The STI and CI were determined to be related with environmental temperature parameters, while no determinations could be obtained concerning the correlation of MY with environmental parameters. Assessment of Mediterranean mussels’ growth rate in PP rope collectors proved significant differences (p < .05) between March and November 2018. As no Mediterranean mussels are observed on PE fishing nets during the samplings performed throughout the study period, it is determined that PE fishing nets are not suitable collector types for Mediterranean mussel cultivation.     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacements with three vegetable oils on growth,fatty acid composition,antioxidant capacity,serum parameters and expression of lipid metabolism related genes in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis

Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.     

Unravelling the diversity and assemblage of phytoplankton in homestead ponds of central coastal belt,Bangladesh

Homestead ponds may offer an ideal opportunity in contribution to household income, fish consumption through fish culture. Phytoplankton plays a key indicator in pond productivity. However, the phytoplankton communities in the homestead ponds are nearly undetermined in Bangladesh. This study summarizes the phytoplankton diversity, assemblage and ecological parameters of the homestead ponds in central coastal belt, Bangladesh, based on two seasons. The results revealed that significant differences (p < .05) were found in pH, DO, conductivity, TDS, nitrates, phosphates and sulphates except temperature in monsoon, and transparency in both seasons. A total of 34 phytoplankton genera representatives of five major groups were recorded such as Euglenophyceae (41.5%), Chlorophyceae (30.5%), Cyanophyceae (13%), Dinophyceae (10%) and Bacillariophyceae (5%). A significant difference (p < .05) in phytoplankton abundance was found in both seasons with the highest mean of 186.13 ± 129.34 × 10⁴ cells L^?1 in monsoon and the lowest mean of 144.40 ± 107.26 × 10⁴ cells L^?1 during winter. The diversity (H'), evenness (J'), richness (d) and dominance (D) ranged from 1.62 to 2.47, 0.52 to 0.97, 0.37 to 1.15 and 0.10 to 0.28 respectively. Based on SIMPER, the most dominant (>10%) genera for dissimilation within stations and seasons were Euglena spp., Phacus spp., Chlorella spp., Strombomonas spp. and Peridinium spp. ANOSIM results stated that 12 genera of phytoplankton were significant contributors based on average dissimilarity. Pearson's correlation coefficient and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that phytoplankton abundance, diversity and community were mainly governed by transparency, dissolved oxygen and nitrates.     

施氮时期对葡萄叶片光合生理及内源激素水平的影响

以10 a生酿酒葡萄‘蛇龙珠’为试验材料，运用水肥一体化滴灌的方式分别在萌芽期（S1）、新梢旺长期（S2）、开花期（S3）、果实第一次膨大期（S4）和副梢生长旺期（S5）一次性施入300 kg·hm^-2尿素，对照为整个生育期均不施氮肥（CK），分别于花后50 d（DAF50）、花后85 d（DAF85）和花后120 d（DAF120）进行光合特性指标的测定，并采样分析氮肥施用时期对葡萄叶片光合生理及内源激素水平的影响。结果表明：各生育期施氮均能增加叶片净光合速率（Pn）及PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm），在花前施氮肥叶片Pn和Fv/Fm增加最为显著，最高分别达到18.22 μmol·m^-2·s^-1和0.854。S1、S2和S3处理显著增大了不同生育期叶片气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr），且S2处理在DAF85时最显著，Gs和Tr分别比CK高18.5%和10.8%；S3、S4和S5处理显著降低了叶片的胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）和非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ），S1处理叶片Ci与CK之间无显著差异。果实第一次膨大期之前施入氮肥能够显著增大各生育期叶片的PSⅡ电子传递量子效率（ФPSⅡ）和光化学淬灭系数（qP），最高分别达到0.889和0.959。可见，不同时期施氮肥，通过改变光合荧光相关参数影响叶片光能的吸收、传递、耗散和分配，从而改善叶片光能利用效率。氮肥的施用时期影响各生育期叶片内源激素的含量，施氮肥均显著提高了DAF85后叶片玉米素（ZT）含量，与CK相比至少提高21.9%；花后施入氮肥叶片中IAA含量在果实采收时保持在34.9 μg·g^-1以上，S4和S2处理GA₃含量最高，分别为7.11 μg·g^-1和6.49 μg·g^-1。因此，氮肥施用时期影响葡萄各生育期不同内源激素的积累。     

崇礼区典型林分空气负离子浓度及影响因素

[目的]对崇礼区3种主要林分类型的空气负离子浓度变化规律以及影响因素进行研究,为该地生态效益评估以及生态旅游规划提供依据。[方法]本研究通过对崇礼区典型林分类型空气负离子浓度进行连续观测,并以开阔无林地为参照对象,采用柱状图、散点图、回归分析等方法研究河北杨(Populus hopeiensis,PHF)、白桦(Betula platyphylla,BF)和油松(Pinus tabulaeformis,PF,)3种纯林以及无林地(NF)空气负离子浓度日变化特征,分析气象因素及植物光合特性对空气负离子的影响,并运用单极系数法以及空气质量系数法对不同林分空气质量进行评价。[结果]表明:(1)空气负离子浓度变化趋势呈双峰型,最低值一般出现在中午,不同林分最高值出现时间不同。不同林分空气负离子浓度具有明显差别,空气负离子浓度从高到底依次为:河北杨(1 101 ion·cm-3)白桦(847 ion·cm-3)油松(755 ion·cm-3)无林地(344 ion·cm-3)。(2)不同林分空气负离子浓度与气温呈负相关,与相对湿度呈正相关;不同林分空气负离子浓度与植物光合特性总体呈正相关。(3)计算空气质量评价参数得出不同林分单极系数从小到大依次为河北杨(0.92)油松(1.01)白桦(1.25)无林地(1.37),各林分空气质量评价指数从大到小依次为河北杨(1.25)白桦(0.85)油松(0.80)无林地(0.27)。[结论]不同林分空气负离子浓度存在差异且阔叶林高于针叶林,空气离子浓度的变化受外界气候因素及自身植物光合特性的影响明显,不同林分空气质量评价指数也存在差异,合理配置林分资源有利于空气质量提升。     

砾石覆盖条件下盐碱土边坡降雨侵蚀水动力学特征

为了探究砾石覆盖对盐碱土坡面侵蚀的减沙效应,通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究不同坡度和雨强条件下降雨径流水动力学特征及产沙受砾石覆盖的影响。试验坡度选取15°和30°,雨强选取92,119mm/h,坡面砾石覆盖度分别为0,10%,20%,40%,60%,80%,采用染色示踪法测定坡面径流流速。结果表明:不同坡度和雨强条件下,水流产沙率随坡面砾石覆盖度增大先增后减;雷诺数与弗劳德数均随砾石覆盖度增大呈先增后减的抛物线趋势,曼宁糙率、Dracy-Weisbach阻力系数、坡面径流剪切力和径流功率均与坡面砾石覆盖度呈线性正相关;径流功率预测产沙率效果较好,二者呈对数关系(R2=0.47)。     

水分胁迫对大豆生长与产量的影响及应对措施

在大豆生长发育过程中,非生物胁迫严重影响理化进程并降低产量,其中水分胁迫是所有其他非生物胁迫（高温、低温、土地瘠薄、盐碱等）损失的总和。为了提高大豆在水分胁迫中的抗逆性,通过归纳水分胁迫对大豆生长发育及产量的研究现状,总结干旱和淹水胁迫对大豆形态结构、生理指标及产量指标的影响,分析抵御水分胁迫的应对措施和有效方法。指出目前抗旱防涝存在的问题,并提出解决方案,以期降低水分胁迫对大豆生产造成的损失。     

稻谷颗粒模型离散元接触参数标定与试验

EDEM与FLUENT耦合模拟稻谷清选时,稻谷颗粒参数设置的准确性直接影响仿真结果的可信度。结合稻谷颗粒堆积角的实测试验与仿真试验,标定了稻谷颗粒模型间静摩擦系数、滚动摩擦系数2个主要接触参数。设计了堆积角形成装置,该装置采用坍塌法和注入法同时形成2种堆积角,可以减小非同时形成所引起的测量误差;创建了稻谷颗粒的离散元模型,结合堆积角的实测试验与仿真试验,建立了2个主要接触参数与2种堆积角之间的二元回归方程;以稻谷颗粒2种堆积角的实测结果作为目标值,对回归方程进行数值求解,得到颗粒模型间的静摩擦系数、滚动摩擦系数分别为0.433 6、0.161 5;设计了抛洒试验对标定后的参数进行验证,抛洒长度、宽度和近抛洒端堆积角等特征参数的实测结果与仿真结果的相对误差小于5.7%,这表明颗粒的模拟运动轨迹与实际运动轨迹基本一致,所创建的稻谷颗粒离散元模型及标定得到的接触参数可以为EDEM-FLUENT耦合仿真稻谷清选过程提供参考。     

围产期饲喂过瘤胃胆碱对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃胆碱(RPC)对泌乳性能、血液生化指标及繁殖性能的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用60头年龄、胎次、预产期、上一胎次产奶量相近的健康围产期奶牛,随机分为3组,每组20头。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在基础日粮上分别添加25 g/d和50 g/d RPC,饲喂期从产前3周至产后3周,共42 d。结果表明:Ⅱ组产奶量在产后1~8周显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05);在产后第2周,Ⅲ组的乳脂率、乳蛋白率显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);在整个试验期,Ⅱ组的谷丙转氨酶含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的天门冬氨酸转氨酶显著含量低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);产后第1周和第2周,Ⅱ组的β-羟丁酸、非酯化脂肪酸含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组的甘油三酯含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的总胆固醇含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);日粮中添加RPC可以显著提高情期受胎率(P0.05),显著缩减奶牛空怀天数(P0.05),也对产后初次配种时间的缩短和配种次数的降低有影响。日粮中添加RPC可提高围产期奶牛生产性能,对血液生化指标和繁殖性能产生有利影响,本试验条件下RPC最佳添加剂量为每头牛25 g/d。