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1.
为了阐明极度退化的崩岗生态系统内芒萁的生长状态和养分储存特征,对闽西南3处不同侵蚀强度的典型崩岗内芒萁叶片C、N、P含量及C/N、C/P、N/P特征进行研究,对比分析不同侵蚀强度下崩壁部位和崩岗不同侵蚀部位中芒萁叶片的生态化学计量特征。结果表明:崩岗内芒萁叶片的C、N、P平均含量分别为477.10 g·kg~(-1)、6.45 g·kg~(-1)、0.25 g·kg~(-1),芒萁叶片的N、P养分含量极低;而C/N、C/P、N/P平均值分别为96.82、2 097.20、27.67,芒萁生长受P限制。不同侵蚀强度下的崩壁内芒萁叶片的C、N、P含量及C/P、N/P均存在显著差异(P0.05),C含量、C/P和N/P均随着侵蚀强度的增强而减小,N含量在中度侵蚀的崩壁内较高,而P含量则随着侵蚀强度的增强而增加,表明芒萁对土壤侵蚀严重的崩岗生态系统具有很强的适应能力。在崩岗的不同侵蚀部位中芒萁叶片的P含量、C/P和N/P均存在显著差异(P0.05),P含量在集水坡面最高,在崩壁最低;而C/P、N/P均表现为崩壁显著大于其他各侵蚀部位。可见,在崩岗的不同侵蚀部位,崩壁中芒萁对C的同化能力强于其他侵蚀部位,且对P利用效率也显著高于其他侵蚀部位。综上,在侵蚀严重的崩岗生态系统中,芒萁有较强的同化C能力和较高的对P利用效率,能通过调节自身C、N、P元素含量很好地适应土壤侵蚀严重、养分极度贫瘠的生境。  相似文献   
2.
Large mounds amended with plant residues are a common cultivation method for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) in the western parts of the Papua New Guinea highlands, with a suggested benefit of elevated root zone temperature (RZT) from decomposition. This study aimed to evaluate whether RZT affects the formation and growth of sweetpotato storage roots. Experiments evaluated the effects of a constant elevated RZT on the Beauregard cultivar and of a short‐term increase in RZT on the Beauregard and Northern Star cultivars. Plants were grown in 18‐L pots divided into a control compartment (constant RZT at 20°C) and a treated compartment (RZT at 30, 40 or 50°C). Constant elevated RZT was maintained until harvest, while short‐term increase in RZT occurred in weeks 2 and 3 only. Constant elevated RZT did not affect the total number of storage roots, but RZT of 30°C and above reduced the dry‐biomass of storage roots. The short‐term increase in RZT did not alter the total number or dry‐biomass of storage roots in Beauregard, while both of these attributes were reduced at RZT of 40°C or above in Northern Star. Elevated RZT inhibited dry‐biomass accumulation of storage root, with a more pronounced impact at constant elevated RZT. These results demonstrate that any benefits of the mound culture on sweetpotato yield production do not arise through the influence of temperature elevation.  相似文献   
3.
Abstract

Several key wood properties of four Australian hardwood species: Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus marginata and Eucalyptus obliqua, were characterized using state-of-the-art equipment at AgroParisTech, ENGREF, France. The wood properties were measured for input into microscopic (cellular level) and macroscopic (board level) vacuum-drying models currently under development. Morphological characterization was completed using a combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy and image analysis software. A clear difference in fibre porosity, size, wall thickness and orientation was evident between species. Viscoelastic properties were measured in the tangential and radial directions using dynamic mechanical analysis instrumentation. The glass transition temperature was markedly different for each species owing to anatomical and chemical variations. The radial direction showed higher stiffness, internal friction and glass transition temperature than the tangential direction. A highly sensitive microbalance and laser technology were used to measure loss of moisture content in conjunction with directional shrinkage on microsamples. Collapse shrinkage was clearly evident with this method for E. obliqua, but not with other species, consistent with industrial seasoning experience. To characterize the wood–water relations of E. obliqua, free of collapse, thinner sample sections (in the radial–tangential plane) are recommended.  相似文献   
4.
【目的】研究红火蚁在粤北地区不同生境中红火蚁蚁丘的分布特征,为该虫的监测、防治提供科学依据。【方法】采用样方方法调查3种生境(荒地、田埂、草坪)红火蚁蚁丘的密度和大小,采用聚集度指标法和Taylor幂函数回归模型对蚁丘的空间分布型进行研究,并对荒地生境蚁丘密度和植物多样性进行相关性分析。【结果】田埂蚁丘密度明显高于荒地和草坪,高达18.67个/100 m~2,超过草坪生境蚁丘密度的10倍;荒地、田埂和草坪生境蚁丘基部周长相差不明显,但荒地生境蚁巢高度明显高于田埂和草坪;通过聚集度指标和Taylor幂函数来看,荒地和田埂生境蚁丘多表现为均匀分布或随机分布,而草坪生境蚁丘多表现为聚集分布;研究发现粤北地区红火蚁入侵并未造成荒地生境植物多样性下降。【结论】受人为干扰等因素影响,红火蚁在粤北地区不同生境发生程度由重到轻依次为田埂、荒地、草坪;蚁丘在荒地和田埂上多呈均匀分布或随机分布,在草坪上多呈聚集分布,这种分布差异主要是由人为干扰和红火蚁筑巢习性共同引起的;红火蚁蚁丘密度与荒地中植物多样性呈正相关趋势,但相关性不显著。  相似文献   
5.
Aqueous soil stabilizers improve soil properties. Water-stability of soil aggregates was determined using two different soil stabilizers: S-type and E-type. Various concentrations of the two soil stabilizers were tested in soil aggregates that were bigger than 5 mm but smaller than 10 mm. Testing the aggregates using the static water-measure method showed that the water-stability index, K, increased with the concentrations of soil stabilizers. S-type soil stabilizer in concentrations ranging between 20% and 40% resulted in K-values between 64.0% and 83.8%, and E-type polymer emulsions in concentrations between 3% and 7% resulted in K-values between 90.1% and 99.7% respectively. The soil aggregates admixed with water resulted in a K-value of 11.5%, which was tested as a control. Two aggregate collapse models were found and discussed based on the collapse characteristics of the modified aggregates: S-type soil stabilizer in low concentrations follows a gradual collapse pattern, while S-type stabilizer in high concentrations and E-type stabilizer in low concentrations follow an explosive collapse pattern. These patterns depend on the formation of a membrane structure on the surface of the aggregates through physicochemical bonding. By identifying the mechanisms of the membrane structure and calculating the K-values, significant information on the improvement of soil properties can be determined.  相似文献   
6.
单个蚁巢红火蚁对不同距离蚂蚁类群的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 【目的】研究新定殖单个蚁巢红火蚁入侵荒草地后对距蚁巢不同距离蚂蚁类群的影响。【方法】采用陷阱法和诱饵诱集法调查距红火蚁蚁巢不同距离的蚂蚁类群种类及其数量变化,并应用主成分分析法和群落多样性指数探讨新定殖红火蚁对距蚁巢不同距离蚂蚁类群数量动态变化及其多样性的影响。【结果】红火蚁入侵后与本地蚂蚁竞争激烈,红火蚁对距小蚁巢1 m、大蚁巢1和3 m处蚂蚁类群多样性的影响较大。在距红火蚁小蚁 巢1m处,红火蚁工蚁数量随时间推移逐渐减少,在红火蚁占较大比例的6月(45.02%)及占较小比例的8月(16.01%),蚂蚁个体数和优势度指数增加,物种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数下降。在距红火蚁大蚁巢1、3 m处,红火蚁工蚁数量随时间推移呈现先降而后逐渐上升趋势,在红火蚁占较小比例的6月(48.36%,1 m)、7月(34.06%,3 m)和红火蚁占较大比例的9月(89.94%,1 m;59.52%,3 m),蚂蚁优势度指数增加,多样性指数和均匀度指数下降。主成分分析结果还揭示了引起荒草地单个蚁巢不同距离蚂蚁类群数量变动的主要蚂蚁种类及其变化情况。【结论】两种入侵荒草地的红火蚁种群对距其蚁巢较近距离蚂蚁类群多样性的影响较大。在小蚁巢和大蚁巢近距离处,红火蚁工蚁占比例较大,本地蚂蚁物种数、个体数、蚂蚁类群优势度指数增加,多样性指数和均匀度指数下降。  相似文献   
7.
Understanding the interactions between soil and the organisms that are conducive to decreasing sediment runoff is a great concern on high-elevation ski trails. Intense rainfalls on steep slopes combined with soil formed on gypsum result in recurrent erosion. This study was conducted in the northern French Alps to determine the abilities of species: (1) to make mounds and (2) to trap sediment and thereby to control erosion at the slope scale. We also investigated relevant above-ground plant characteristics related to those abilities. Sediment runoff or deposition was investigated at small and large spatial scales. We assessed whether hoof prints in soil reflect sediment runoff at the slope scale by trapping sediment. Populations of plants growing on two slope angles (25° and 35°) and three vegetation cover densities (15%, 35%, 60%) were surveyed. An experiment was also conducted to measure the sediment deposit upslope of target species and over three months during the autumn. Small mounds were found upslope of the plant and sediment deposit measurements showed that they resulted from a sedimentation process. Nevertheless the species differed in their capacity to make mounds. Sesleria caerulea and Festuca alpina had the highest amount of sediment deposition over the experimental period. Among the plant characteristics, plant length was positively correlated with mound area, while the roundness index of the canopy was negatively correlated with mound height. Mound formation was also positively related to the number of tillers or shoots. Sediment accumulation in cow hoof prints was linked to runoff that occurred at the slope scale. Low deposition in hoof prints means low sediment runoff or a large deposition on mounds, due to the increase in vegetation cover. All the findings stressed that understanding the processes in action at larger scales requires studying processes at smaller scales.  相似文献   
8.
通过对吉林省低山丘陵区水土保持措施对土壤颗粒组成和速效养分的影响进行了分析,结果表明:目前水土保持措施下,生态修复措施是短时期内吉林省东部低山丘陵区进行土壤肥力恢复较好的措施。各措施粘粒含量均低于裸地;0-20cm土壤粘粒含量普遍低于20-40cm土壤粘粒含量,20-40cm土壤砂粒含量低于0-20cm土壤砂粒含量。各措施0~20 cm土层的速效养分含量总体上高于20~40 cm土层。水土保持措施对土壤氮素养分的修复效果要好于P、K。速效P与20-40cm的粘粒含量呈极显著负相关,其他均无显著相关性。为遏制黑土退化的趋势和保障生态安全,应结合当前国家需求,在进行水土流失综合治理的同时积极利用当地丰富的秸秆资源进行土壤培肥。  相似文献   
9.
桉树木材干燥特性与工艺及其皱缩研究现状   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文回顾和分析了桉树木材与干燥有关的材性和干燥特性 ,指出桉木的密度、含水率和干缩率变异性大、渗透性差 ,在干燥过程中易产生皱缩、开裂等干燥缺陷 ,若采用预冻处理和前后期调湿处理可减少木材的皱缩 ;同时建议研究各种桉木不同规格板材的干燥基准和两段式干燥工艺  相似文献   
10.
本文通过四川省射洪县的事例,分析了丘陵地区机械灌溉在发展农业和农村经济中的地位和作用,以及目前存在的困难和问题,提出了发展对策建议。  相似文献   
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