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1.
为给内蒙古高原区、黄土高原区和西北荒漠绿洲区紫花苜蓿测土施肥奠定科学基础,采用零散实验数据整合法以及养分平衡-地力差减法,开展了三大自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,内蒙古高原区紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾第1~4级指标依次为≥342mg/kg、89~342mg/kg、24~89mg/kg和<24mg/kg,黄土高原区第1~6级指标依次为≥171mg/kg、96~171mg/kg、54~96mg/kg、30~54mg/kg、17~30mg/kg和<17mg/kg,西北荒漠绿洲区第1~4级指标依次为≥303mg/kg、140~303mg/kg、65~140mg/kg和<65mg/kg;当目标产量9~27t/hm2、钾肥利用率50%时,第1~6级土壤的推荐施钾量分别为0、54~162kg/hm2、108~324kg/hm2、162~486kg/hm2、216~648kg/hm2和270~810kg/hm2。  相似文献   
2.
The suitability of inland saline groundwater as a medium to culture juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, was assessed. In the first experiment, juvenile cobia stocked in raw (unamended) saline groundwater at salinities of 5, 10, and 15 g/L exhibited complete mortality after 108, 176, and 195 hr, respectively. The second experiment evaluated the rearing of juvenile cobia (mean weight ~9.23 ± 0.12 g) in potassium (K+)‐amended saline groundwater (100% K+ fortified) and reconstituted seawater at salinities of 5, 10, and 15 g/L to assess growth and osmoregulation in distinct culture media. Following 60 days of culture, all fish survived the experimental period. Final mean bodyweight of cobia reared in K+‐amended saline groundwater (103.2–115.8 g) and seawater (111.2–113.8 g) of different salinities did not vary significantly (p > .05). No differences (p > .05) were observed in specific growth rate, weight gain (%), and feed conversion ratio between treatment groups. Serum osmolality increased with salinity and was significantly higher (p < .05) for fish in K+‐amended saline groundwater (353–361 mOsmol/Kg) than in reconstituted seawater (319–332 mOsmol/Kg), although differences were not observed between salinities by water type. Cobia stocked in saline groundwater of different salinities were osmoregulating normally, and the higher values observed may be because of variations in ionic composition and other interfering ions in saline groundwater. Trial results suggest that juvenile cobia can achieve optimal growth in K+‐amended saline groundwater of low and intermediate salinities.  相似文献   
3.
具有较好环保性能的包膜材料用于缓控释肥生产,可防止膜材料对土壤造成的潜在危害。本文以明胶、聚乙烯醇为原料复合共混制备膜材料,利用红外光谱(FTIR),扫描电镜(SEM)表征材料结构,并研究了膜材料拉伸强度和断裂伸张率力学性能,受控堆肥条件下的生物降解行为,明胶/PVA复合材料包膜尿素的养分缓释性及对小鼠的急性经口毒性。结果表明:当复合膜材料配比为m(PVA):m(Gel)=4:1时,组分相容性最好,并表现出良好力学性能、养分缓释性能和生物降解性能,复合材料包膜的肥料对小鼠无毒性作用,具有较好安全性。因此明胶/PVA复合膜材料具有较好的环保性能,其作为缓控释肥料的包膜材料具有较好应用前景。  相似文献   
4.
不同形态钾肥对马铃薯产量及品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用随机区组设计,研究了在施入等量钾肥的前提下,硫酸钾及氯化钾配施对马铃薯植株生育性状、氨基酸、钾含量等品质和产量及商品薯率的影响。结果表明,等量不同形态钾肥对植株株高和主茎数有一定的影响,对其他生育性状基本无影响;对块茎中蛋氨酸含量无显著影响,对其他类型氨基酸、总氨基酸、还原糖和钾含量有一定影响;对马铃薯产量、经济效益、商品薯率均有一定影响。其中,硫酸钾与氯化钾配施显著提高了株高和主茎数;二者配施提高了块茎中总氨基酸、还原糖和钾的含量;二者配施后冲施黄腐酸显著提高了马铃薯产量、经济效益、商品薯率。二者配施后冲施黄腐酸马铃薯产量和商品薯率均最高,平均667 m2产量达3691.4 kg,且有效降低土壤碱性。单施氯化钾较单施硫酸钾处理更易促进马铃薯块茎中氨基酸合成;而单独施用硫酸钾更易促进钾的吸收,使马铃薯块茎表皮更光滑、有光泽,外观品质更好。  相似文献   
5.
采用“3414”方案设计试验,研究氮磷钾不同配比施肥对长优2号产量及经济性状的影响,结果表明,氮、磷、钾对长优2号都有一定的增产效应,其中以氮的增产效应最为显著,磷与钾次之。初步得出本次试验最佳施肥量为“N”16.23㎏/667㎡、“P2O5”8.46㎏/667㎡、“K2O”16.06㎏/667㎡,NPK比接近“1:0.5:1”水平。  相似文献   
6.
Vertisols are characterized by deficiency of nutrients and recently, potassium (K), a major plant nutrient in crops, is gaining attention because of crop removal, fixation by clay minerals and leaching. A field experiment was conducted during the 2015 and 2016 main cropping seasons to test the effect of potash fertilizer on Vertisols of East Gojjam at Gudalima and Dejen/Tik sites using teff crop. The K rates (applied as muriate of potash) were 0, 50,100, and 150?kg ha?1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in three replications. The results indicated that the plant height, panicle length, number of effective tillers, dry matter and grain yield of teff increased significantly (P?<?0.05) with applied K. The highest dry matter and grain yield (6966.4 and 2418.2 kg ha?1, respectively) were obtained from the application of 100 kg ha?1 KCl. Total uptake of N, P, and K were enhanced significantly with K treated plots than those without and K efficiency was improved due to the rate of K. The present study demonstrated the importance of K application to supplement NPS for optimum dry matter and grain yield of teff on Vertisols of the study sites.  相似文献   
7.
Potassium (K) plays an important role in maize yield, but K accumulation characteristics in high yielding maize is still not well documented. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the K accumulation characteristics of high yield (HY)(>15 t ha?1)spring maize compared with medium yield (MY)(10–15 t ha?1), and low yield (LY)(<10 t ha?1). The maximum K accumulation stage in maize appeared between V6 and V12 stage (LY, MY, and HY was 125.46, 138.05, and 146.22?kg ha?1, respectively). Most of the K (94.27–97.13%) was accumulated during vegetative stages. HY exhibited a significantly higher K accumulation than either MY or LY. For different organs, the K remobilization amount of leaf was the highest, and the remobilization amount of stalk was the lowest, the K remobilization amount of leaf and stalk showed as HY?<?MY?<?LY, same as the total K remobilization amount, but the K remobilization amount of sheath and husk plus cob showed the opposite order. These results indicated that sufficient nutrient supply for maize can not only accumulate more K but also delay leaf senescence and maintain high photosynthetic activity, resulting in reduced K remobilization from vegetative organs, and reduced K loss in whole plant.  相似文献   
8.
为了比较饲料中添加鱼油、茶籽油、亚麻籽油以及碘酸钾对中华鳖()稚鳖生长和脂类代谢的影响,本研究配制了4种油脂含量为10%的饲料,分别为鱼油料(FO,对照组)、鱼油+碘酸钾料(FO+PI,碘酸钾添加量为75 mg/kg)、茶籽油料(TO)和亚麻籽油料(LO),饲喂初重为(5.06±0.05)g的中华鳖66 d。FO+PI组和LO组中华鳖稚鳖的存活率显著低于FO组(<0.05)。各组中华鳖稚鳖血浆中葡萄糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平无显著差异(ACACA)的表达水平,上调了中华鳖-499的表达水平(-23b的表达水平(<0.05)。FO+PI组和TO组的稚鳖肝脏细胞内脂滴空泡较少,同时TO显著影响了肠道组织的黏膜褶。结论认为,相比于鱼油组,在饲料中添加10%茶籽油、亚麻籽油和添加75 mg/kg碘酸钾不会引起稚鳖生长差异,但是亚麻籽油和碘酸钾降低了稚鳖的存活率,茶籽油和碘酸钾影响肝脏的脂类代谢。  相似文献   
9.
ABSTRACT

Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident of 2011, the potential for radiocesium transfer from contaminated soils, such as Andosols, to agricultural crops became a significant concern. Andosols account for up to 70% of paddy soils in the northern and northwest areas of Tochigi Prefecture, where the radiocesium concentration is 1000 Bq kg?1 or greater in the soil of some fields. The present study was carried out in order to determine the phytoavailability of radiocesium in Andosols by comparing it with that of gray lowland soils in the first 3 years following the accident. The transfer factor (TF) tended to be higher in Andosols than in gray lowland soils, leading to higher radiocesium concentrations in brown rice grown in Andosols. The exchangeable potassium (Ex-K2O) in Andosols was highly and negatively correlated with TF, followed by clay. The Ex-K2O value was positively correlated with the clay/total carbon (T-C) value, suggesting that a high T–C ratio could weaken K2O adsorption on clay mineral sites; hence, the low clay/T-C values can partially explain the relatively large TF values of Andosols. Samples with Ex-K2O contents less than 200 mg kg?1 and with low clay/T-C values showed striking decreases in TF values from 2011 to 2012. However, the decrease from 2012 to 2013 was quite small; radiocesium in these samples was potentially available for rice uptake for a long time, likely due to the reversible adsorption and fixation characteristics of allophane. Most gray lowland soil samples showed very low TF values over the 3 years of the study, except for those with TF values greater than 0.1 due to low Ex-K2O and clay contents; the geometric mean (GM) value of TF was below 0.01 in 2012. The extraction of exchangeable radiocesium (Ex-Cs) with a 1 mol L?1 ammonium acetate solution may not be an appropriate method for explaining the variability in radiocesium TF in Andosols. This is because the Ex-Cs value was significantly correlated with Ex-K2O in Andosols, but not in gray lowland soils, indicating that Ex-K2O explained this variability in relation to Ex-Cs.  相似文献   
10.
棉花是具无限生长特性的喜钾作物,为解决其生育期内多次追施钾肥和叶面喷施缩节胺的用工问题,实现轻简化种植目标,研究包膜含缩节胺氯化钾对棉花产量、经济效益和土壤钾素变化特征的影响。试验设5个处理,分别为一次基施180 kg?hm-2包膜含缩节胺氯化钾(CRKMC)、减少30%钾素用量(126 kg?hm-2)的包膜含缩节胺氯化钾(70%CRKMC)、基施180 kg·hm-2普通包膜氯化钾(CRK)、分次施用180 kg?hm-2普通氯化钾(KCl)和对照(CK,不施钾肥),后三个处理叶面喷施三次缩节胺。结果表明:等量施钾条件下,CRKMC和CRK较KCl籽棉产量分别增加8.81%和9.36%,经济效益分别增加15.53%和12.86%,70%CRKMC较KCl增产6.53%,增加净收入13.64%。CRKMC抑制棉花盛花期前的株高,提高后期株高、茎粗和叶绿素含量,使生物量较KCl增加18.56%~24.98%,提高钾素吸收量,表观利用率增加25.06~38.83个百分点。CRKMC中的钾素和缩节胺在土壤中呈“先慢后快而后趋于平缓”的规律,释放高峰出现在盛花期至始絮期,显著提高蕾期以后土壤中的速效钾含量。因此,土壤基施包膜含缩节胺氯化钾,可合理协调棉花生长势指标,满足钾素吸收需求,减少30%用量仍有较高的经济效益和钾素利用率,实现了缩节胺和钾素在同一时空条件下的一体化调控,有助于棉花减肥、高产和轻简化种植。  相似文献   
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