土壤粒度和磁化率特征对绰墩古水稻土成因的指示

本文研究了绰墩农业遗址P-02原状土剖面的粒度分布,定量分析了土壤黏粒的矿物组成,测定了土壤/沉积物及其各粒级组分(黏粒、粉砂粒、细砂粒和粗砂粒)的磁化率。结果表明：在0 ~ 30 cm和134 ~ 154 cm两层段,黏粒含量从下向上有降低的趋势,这可能预示着长期的水耕作业造成黏粒从表层向亚表层移动;在148 ~ 200 cm层段,土壤磁化率从下向上有降低的趋势,可能说明该处存在长期淹水的状况。总之,黏粒含量和质量磁化率数据说明长江下游地区的先民在马家浜文化时期已开始采用“水溽”方式进行水稻的栽培。     

昆山绰墩古土壤粒度特征及母质判别

自第四纪晚期以来,来自黄土高原的粉尘在风力作用下不断向东南扩张,在长江中下游地区形成了下蜀黄土。太湖流域的部分水稻土就是在下蜀黄土之上发育的。本文对绰墩古土壤的粒度组成特征进行了系统的研究。结果表明,绰墩古土壤<5μm粘粒、5~10μm细粉砂和10~50μm粗粉砂组分平均含量分别为22.89%、22.96%和63.52%,其中10~50μm粗粉砂组分为众数粒组。>50μm砂粒平均含量仅为5.10%。绰墩古土壤粒度组成与镇江下蜀黄土粒度组成具高度相关性(r=0.97)。根据粒度分析,我们初步认定绰墩古土壤母质为下蜀黄土。     

Characteristics of Soil Fertility of Buried Ancient Paddy at Chuodun Site in Yangtze River Delta, China

Field investigation and laboratory analysis of 22 ancient paddy soils excavated at Chuodun site, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China were carried out in 2003 to （1） understand the basic characteristics of ancient paddy soils, （2） compare the difference of soil fertility between ancient paddy soils and recent paddy soils, and （3） inquire into mechanisms of the sustainability of paddy soil. The oldest paddy soils at Chuodun site can be dated back to Neolithic age, around 6000 aBP. These ancient fields were buried in about 1-m deep from the soil surface and their areas ranged from 0.32 to 12.9 m^2 with an average of 5.2 m^2. The paddy soils with 〉 5 000 pellets phytolith g^-1 soil were termed intensively cultivated paddy soils （ICPS） and those with 〈5000 pellets phytolith g^-1 soil were called weakly cultivated soils （WCPS）. The contents of organic carbon （OC）, and total N in the former were significantly higher than that in the latter. Ancient paddy soils had higher soil pH and C/N, total and available P, and lower contents of OC, DOC, total N, S, Cu, Fe, and available K, S, Fe, Mn, and Cu compared with recent paddy soils, which were attributed to application of chemical and manure fertilizers, pollution and acidification in recent paddy soils. The variation coefficients of OC and other nutrients in ancient paddy soils with higher PI were greater than that in ancient paddy soils with low PI, which indicated that human activities had a great impact on the spatial variability of soil nutrients. The contents of OC, total N, P and S in ancient paddy soils were higher than that in ancient moss of the same age, which indicated that planting rice during Majiabang culture period was beneficial to the accumulation of those life elements.     

长江三角洲绰墩遗址埋藏古水稻土肥力特征研究

 【目的】了解绰墩遗址古水稻土的基本性质，阐明水稻土的可持续利用机理。【方法】以绰墩遗址埋藏的古稻田土壤为研究对象，根据14C和考古学方法确定了土壤成土年龄和分布；按照中国土壤学会编汇的《土壤农业化学分析方法》测定了土壤pH，有机碳、营养元素含量。【结果】碳化稻和土壤有机质中14C分析证实绰墩遗址最古老水稻土为距今6 000年马家浜时期，该时期古稻田位于表层以下1 m左右，平均每块稻田面积5.2 m2。古水稻土（每克土中水稻植硅体含量>5 000颗）有机碳平均含量9.7 g·kg-1；N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的全量平均含量分别为0.8、1.58、18.2、7.6、6.3 、0.1、22.、0.51 g·kg-1和40.9、80.8 mg·kg-1。【结论】古水稻土的有机碳、全氮含量、C/N比显著大于同期种植强度较弱的古水稻土（水稻植硅体含量<5 000颗/g），其它元素差异不显著；不同种植强度古水稻土有效态养分含量和pH差异不显著。古水稻土N、S、Cu全量含量显著低于现代表层水稻土，而有机碳、P、Fe、Mn全量含量则相反；现代表层水稻土有效态养分含量一般大于古水稻土。     

绰墩遗址古今水稻土黏土矿物特征比较研究

在江苏绰墩山遗址考古发掘中,发现了在剖面不同深度埋藏的距今约6000年的史前水稻土层、距今约3 000年的商周史前的古水稻土层和现代水稻土层.本研究为了比较古今水稻土黏土矿物特征的差异,以土壤剖面P01(包含史前古水稻土、商周史古水稻土和现代水稻土)与P03(仅含商周时期古水稻土和现代水稻土)为对象,测定其各种形态铁锰...