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1.
以苹果系楸子(Malus prunifolia)、海棠花(Malus spectabilis)、西府海棠(Malus micromalus)、花红(Malus asiatica)和新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii) 5 个野生苹果种为材料,以甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)为溶剂,进行香气物质的提取,并基于气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对香气物质进行分离和鉴定。结果表明:5 种材料中共鉴定出 27 种香气物质,其中醇类 6 种、醛类 7 种、酯类 4 种、有机酸 4 种、萜烯 2 种和苯衍生物 4 种。其中反式-2-己烯醛、辛酸、α-法呢烯、苯酚以及对甲苯酚是 5 个野生苹果果实中共有的香气物质。这 5 种苹果野生资源果实的香气物质主要是以清香型的反式-2-己烯醛等醛类物质为主,但酯类和醇类也是构成不同种苹果特异香气的重要呈香物质。从特征香气组分来看,有8种是5个野生苹果种果实香气成分共有的特征香气,分别是法呢醇、己醛、反式-2-己烯醛、辛醛、壬醛、反式-2-癸烯醛、乙酸丁酯、己酸己酯。其中海棠花的特征香气物质有6种,西府海棠的特征香气物质有5种,新疆野苹果和楸子的特征香气物质有4种,花红苹果的特征香气物质有2种。  相似文献   
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通过对样品的富集,利用选择培养进行化能自养硫化细菌的分离;以大庆本地碱土作为实验材料,通过硫化细菌及辅料的添加,利用pH计测定碱土pH值变化。分离获得了硫化细菌lh-1,利用该菌株改良碱土以添加0.27% 硫粉混合硫化细菌效果最为明显,经过两个半月的改良,pH可从10.53降到8.23。  相似文献   
4.
The effects of pH on the adsorption of silicate and phosphate, either singly or in competition, by two acid soils were investigated. Both soils adsorbed two to three times more P than Si and adsorption isotherms at pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 showed that increasing pH greatly increased Si adsorption but decreased that of P. Silicate adsorption was very low below pH 5.0, increased rapidly up to pH 9–10 before decreasing again. Adsorption of P was at a maximum at pH 2.0, decreased slowly up to pH 7.0 and then more rapidly above pH 7.0. When Si and P were added at equimolar concentrations, the presence of P decreased Si adsorption between pH 6.0 and 8.0 while the presence of Si decreased P adsorption in the pH region 6.0 and 11. Addition of calcium silicate at rates equivalent to 300, 600 and 1200 kg Si ha?1 resulted in a progressive increase in soil pH. Separate samples of soil were treated with Ca(OH)2 to give the same pH values so that the effect of Si could be identified. The highest rate of Si (1200 kg ha?1 which gave a pH of 6.5) caused a significant decrease in P adsorption (as determined by adsorption isotherms) and an increase in resin-extractable P but the lower rates had little effect. Addition of P to the soil as calcium phosphate at rates equivalent to 30, 60 and 100 kg P ha?1 all caused a decrease in Si adsorption capacity and an increase in CaCl2-extractable Si. It was concluded that the strategy of adding Si to lower P requirements in acid soils is not likely to be effective while addition of fertilizer P may well lower Si adsorption and promote Si desorption and its increased mobility.  相似文献   
5.
为研究村民关系对特色农业种植农户支持度的影响,本文以甘肃省武威市凉州区为例,运用李克特量表法进行实地调研,采用结构方程模型构建了农户关联和农户支持测量维度体系,并度量了农户关联对特色农业种植农户支持度的影响,以期提升农户对特色农业的种植,增加农户收入。结果表明:(1)将农户关联维度划分为情感关联、认知关联、经济关联和行动关联,将农户支持度分为农户决策支持、行动支持和效益支持具有一定的理论意义。(2)农户关联对特色农业种植农户支持度的影响有显著的正相关关系,农户关联的高低决定了特色农业种植农户支持度的大小。  相似文献   
6.
【目的】探究pH值和碳氮比对微生物燃料电池脱氮除磷的影响,找出适宜pH值的和碳氮比。【方法】采用单室微生物燃料电池装置,设置不同的阳极液的pH值(W1=5、W2=6、W3=7、W4=8、W5=9);选取pH值=7,设置不同的碳氮比(N1=1∶1、N2=2∶1、N3=4∶1、N4=8∶1、N5=16∶1),共10个处理,测量2个反应周期内输出电压值、COD、氨态氮、硝态氮、总氮和总磷的变化。【结果】在其他条件相同的情况下,只改变阳极液的pH值,输出电压随pH值增大先增大后减小;pH值为8时产电性能最佳,最大电压为204.74 mV;COD、氨态氮、硝态氮、总氮随pH值增大呈先降低后增大的趋势,在pH值为8时,其去除效率最高,分别为74%、38%、93%和58%;在pH值为9时,总磷的去除效率最优为24%。只改变碳氮比时,当碳氮比为4时电压最大,为158.33 mV;COD、氨态氮、硝态氮、总磷的去除率随碳氮比增大先增大后减小,当碳氮比为4时,COD的降解率最大为65%;当碳氮比为2时,氨态氮的降解效率最好为35%;当碳氮比为8时,硝态氮和总磷的去除效率最高,分别为96%和16%;总氮的去除效率随碳氮比的增大而提高,当碳氮比为16时,总氮的去除效率最高,为59%。【结论】碳氮比为4∶1、pH值为8时可以取得较好的脱氮除磷效果。  相似文献   
7.
采用二次饱和D- 最优设计,研究营养液pH 与盐交互胁迫对生姜产量和品质的影响,建立了以pH、盐水平为变量因子,生姜产量和品质为目标函数的二元二次数学模型。模型解析表明,pH 与盐水平对生姜的产量和品质存在显著的交互效应,盐水平为产量的主效应因子,pH 为品质的主效应因子。较低水平的pH 变化对生姜产量无显著影响,当pH 升至7.70时,生姜产量随pH 升高呈快速下降趋势;随盐含量的升高,生姜产量持续降低。随pH 的升高,生姜品质呈缓慢降低的趋势;盐含量在低于77.91 mmol · L-1 时,生姜品质随盐含量的增加而升高,之后则随盐含量的增加而降低。  相似文献   
8.
添加秸秆对不同有机含量土壤酸度及缓冲性能的影响   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
通过向低(LSOM)、中(MSOM)、高(HSOM)及去除(RSOM)有机质土壤中添加玉米秸秆进行室内培养试验,研究秸秆添加量对不同有机质含量土壤酸度及缓冲性能的影响。结果表明,在15℃恒温培养150天后,土壤pH、交换性盐基离子、CEC和盐基饱和度的含量均随着秸秆添加量的增加而上升,交换性H+、交换性Al3+含量均随着秸秆添加量的增加而降低;其中,秸秆添加量为10~15 g/kg时,LSOM处理中土壤pH增幅、交换性Al3+及交换性H+含量减幅最大;秸秆添加量为15~20 g/kg时,在MSOM和HSOM处理中土壤pH增幅及土壤交换性Al3+、交换性H+含量减幅最大;且HSOM处理添加秸秆后对降低土壤酸度效果最好。土壤中添加秸秆后可明显提高土壤酸碱缓冲能力,且土壤对加碱侧表现出的缓冲区间比酸侧明显;土壤的缓冲容量随秸秆添加量增加而升高,且HSOM处理对酸碱缓冲能力 > MSOM处理 > LSOM处理 > RSOM处理。  相似文献   
9.
The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the ingredients was evaluated for Centropomus undecimalis juveniles. The in vitro experiment included wheat gluten (WG), corn gluten (CG), soybean meal (SBM) and pretreated phytase (SBM + phytase), soy protein concentrate (SPC), canola meal (CAN) and pretreated phytase (CAN + phytase), poultry byproduct meal (PBPM), chicken meal (CHKM), dried whey (DW), Pota meal (PM: mix of giant squid, fish soluble protein concentrate, crustacean meal, and fish oil), and Protiblend (PTB: aquatic and render mix). The highest acidic DH occurred with PTB (0.38 ± 0.06), CHKM (0.33 ± 0.3), and PBPM (0.25 ± 0.03). In the alkaline condition, PTB (1.6 ± 0.17 and 0.98 ± 0.05 for pyloric caeca and intestine, respectively) and CG (1.04 ± 0.4 and 0.75 ± 0.2 for caeca and intestine, respectively) provided the highest DH values. In vitro digestibility demonstrated that PTB was the highest (85.3%) followed by PBPM (51.4%), CAN + phytase (47.6%), CG (45.1%), and CHKM (46.5%). The in vivo experiment concerned the WG, CHKM, PBPM, PM, and PTB diets plus a reference diet with fishmeal (Ref diet). The total %DH was different (P < 0.05) with the lowest values for the WG diet (0.34 ± 0.09%) and Ref diet (0.34 ± 0.15). Free amino acid released during digestion was displayed for these diets and a bifactorial analysis produced no difference (P > 0.05). The apparent digestive coefficients ranged from 89.8 to 92.9% for protein and from 68 to 71.4% for energy.  相似文献   
10.
The carbon dioxide released and dissolved in rumen fluid may easily permeate across the epithelial cell membrane. Thus, we hypothesized that CO2 may act as proton carrier and induce epithelial damage under acidotic conditions. Ovine ruminal epithelia were mounted in Ussing chambers under short‐circuit conditions. The serosal buffer solution had a constant pH of 7.4 and was gassed either with 100% oxygen or with carbogen (95% O2/5% CO2). The mucosal solution was gassed with either 100% oxygen or 100% carbon dioxide. The mucosal pH was lowered stepwise from 6.6 to 5.0 in the presence or absence of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA). The transepithelial conductance (Gt) as an indicator of epithelial integrity and the short‐circuit current (Isc) as an indicator of active electrogenic ion transfer were continuously monitored. At an initial mucosal pH of 6.6, there was no significant difference in Gt between the treatment groups. In the absence of both SCFA and CO2, Gt remained constant when the mucosal solution was acidified to pH 5.0. In the presence of SCFA, mucosal acidification induced a significant rise in Gt when the solutions were gassed with oxygen. A small increase in Gt was observed in the mucosal presence of CO2. However, no difference in final Gt was observed between SCFA‐containing and SCFA‐free conditions under carbon dioxide gassing during stepwise mucosal acidification. The SCFA+proton‐induced increase in Gt could also be minimized by serosal gassing with carbogen. Because of the SCFA+proton‐induced changes in Gt and their attenuation by CO2, a protective role for mucosally available carbon dioxide may be assumed. We suggest that this effect may be due to the intraepithelial conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. However, the serosal presence of CO2 at a physiological concentration may be sufficient to protect the epithelia from SCFA+proton‐induced damage for a certain period of time.  相似文献   
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