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1.
鲁亚普  王张民  袁林喜  尹雪斌 《土壤》2018,50(6):1208-1213
硒和碘是人体重要的微量元素,硒和碘缺乏可能导致人体处于亚健康状态或患多种疾病。膳食是安全、高效的补充硒和碘的方式。目前,对植物吸收两种元素的相关性研究较为匮乏。本试验通过施加一定含量梯度的碘酸钾、硒酸盐,探究番茄、生菜两种作物对硒和碘的吸收能力,以及两种元素吸收的相关性。研究结果表明:番茄植株相比生菜,对无机硒和碘酸钾的富集能力更强;生菜和番茄中,硒和碘的吸收没有显著相关性。  相似文献   
2.
Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain mineral elements can assist in faster and more precise development of micronutrient dense rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. In the present study, QTLs were mapped for Fe and Zn concentrations in two BC2F3 mapping populations derived from the crosses of O. sativa cv Swarna with two different accessions of O. nivara. In all, 10 and 8 QTLs were identified for grain Fe and Zn concentrations in population 1, and 7 and 5 QTLs were identified in population 2, respectively. Eighty percent of the QTLs detected in both populations were derived from O. nivara. Five QTLs for Fe and three QTLs for Zn explained more than 15% phenotypic variance either in interval or composite interval mapping. The locations of O. nivara derived QTLs such as qFe2.1, qFe3.1, qFe8.2 and qZn12.1 were consistently identified in both the populations. Epistatic interaction was observed only between RM106 and RM6 on chromosome 2 and between RM22 and RM7 on chromosome 3 for Fe concentration in population 1. Sixteen candidate genes for metal homeostasis were found to co-locate with 10 QTLs for Fe and Zn concentrations in both the populations. Most of the Fe and Zn QTLs were found to co-locate with QTLs for grain yield and grain quality traits. Some of the major effect QTLs identified can be used to improve rice grain Fe and Zn concentrations.  相似文献   
3.
To provide food and nutrition security for a growing world population, continued improvements in the yield and nutritional quality of agricultural crops will be required. Wheat is an important source of calories, protein and micronutrients and is thus a priority to breed for improvements in these traits. The GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT-B1 (GPC-B1) gene is a positive regulator of nutrient translocation which increases protein, iron and zinc concentration in the wheat grain. In the ten years since it was cloned, the impacts of GPC-B1 allelic variation on quality and yield traits have been extensively analyzed in diverse genetic backgrounds in field studies spanning forty environments and seven countries. In this review, we compile data from twenty-five studies to summarize the impact of GPC-B1 allelic variation on fifty different traits. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the functional copy of the GPC-B1 gene is associated with consistent positive effects on grain protein, Fe and Zn content with only marginally negative impacts on yield. We conclude that the GPC-B1 gene has the potential to increase nutritional and end use quality in a wide range of modern cultivars and environments and discuss the possibilities for its application in wheat breeding.  相似文献   
4.
Deficiencies of vitamin A, iodine, iron and zinc (Zn) in humans are caused partly by the consumption of food that has insufficient quantities of these. Their deficiency has a negative impact on the health, wellbeing, social and economic status of human beings. A national survey conducted in 2012 identified deficiencies of vitamin A, Fe, and Zn among other nutrients in South Africans and regarded the deficiencies of vitamin A and Fe as a moderate but not Zn. This review discusses causes of Zn prevalence in low-income South Africans and that it is largely caused by the low content of Zn in their diets. Initiatives to reduce Zn deficiency include fortification of wheat products and maize meal which has failed to address it successfully. Weaknesses of fortification include high cost of fortified food products to low-income populations, poor regulation in ensuring compliance in fortification, non-fortification of sorghum meal, and leaching of fortified nutrients during processing. This review suggests Zn-biofortification of locally-preferred common bean cultivars as an alternative strategy to compliment fortification. The review also discusses advantages of adopting biofortified Nutritional Andean common beans. Furthermore, the review suggests initiatives including evaluation of the common bean genotypes’ adaptation to different agro-ecologies.  相似文献   
5.
Micronutrient deficiencies in diets, including iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), are an important public health problem across population in Ethiopia. Potato is a modest source of dietary nutrients. The purpose of this study was to assess the mineral (Fe & Zn) composition of potato germplasm in Ethiopia and grower's willingness to try new potato types. The Fe and Zn contents were assessed in peeled tubers of popular farmer varieties, and newly introduced Andean diploid group Phureja accessions and improved tetraploid clones grown in multi-location trials. Grower's preferences for the new potato types was assessed using a participatory approach. Significant variations in mineral and tuber yield traits exist among the germplasm assessed and broad-sense heritability appears to be high for most traits measured, suggesting that progress through breeding can be made among these materials. However, the slightly negative correlation of tuber yield with Fe and Zn content and user appreciation traits found in this study suggests that progress in improving crops for yield and enhanced Fe and Zn concentrations with end-user acceptable quality will be challenging. The results from this study provide baseline information on Fe and Zn composition of many popular farmer varieties in Ethiopia and end-user preference criteria for evaluating new potato varieties that would help to orient the biofortification breeding to the conditions and preference of farmers.  相似文献   
6.
植物对铁元素吸收、运输和储存的分子机制   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
铁是植物生长发育所必需的微量矿物元素之一.随着土壤盐碱化程度加剧,植物缺铁现象愈发普遍,导致作物产量和品质降低,进而影响人们的营养健康.植物在长期的进化过程中,形成了较完善的铁吸收和利用系统.本文对植物铁吸收、运输和储存等方面的研究现状进行了综述,总结了近年来通过生物加强提高植物铁元素含量和环境适应性的研究成果,并对未来可能的研究领域提出了展望.  相似文献   
7.
8.
Grains of 80 accessions of nine species of wild Triticum and Aegilops along with 15 semi-dwarf cultivars of bread and durum wheat grown over 2 years at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, were analyzed for grain iron and zinc content. The bread and durum cultivars had very low content and little variability for both of these micronutrients. The related non-progenitor wild species with S, U and M genomes showed up to 3–4 folds higher iron and zinc content in their grains as compared to bread and durum wheat. For confirmation, two Ae. kotschyi Boiss. accessions were analyzed after ashing and were found to have more than 30% higher grain ash content than the wheat cultivars containing more than 75% higher iron and 60% higher zinc than that of wheat. There were highly significant differences for iron and zinc contents among various cultivars and wild relatives over both the years with very high broad sense heritability. There was a significantly high positive correlation between flag leaf iron and grain iron (r = 0.82) and flag leaf zinc and grain zinc (r = 0.92) content of the selected donors suggesting that the leaf analysis could be used for early selection for high iron and zinc content. ‘Chinese Spring’ (Ph I ) was used for inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing between Aegilops and wheat genomes and transferring these useful traits from the wild species to the elite wheat cultivars. A majority of the interspecific hybrids had higher leaf iron and zinc content than their wheat parents and equivalent or higher content than their Aegilops parents suggesting that the parental Aegilops donors possess a more efficient system for uptake and translocation of the micronutrients which could ultimately be utilized for wheat grain biofortification. Partially fertile to sterile BC1 derivatives with variable chromosomes of Aegilops species had also higher leaf iron and zinc content confirming the possibility of transfer of required variability. Some of the fertile BC1F3 and BC2F2 derivatives had as high grain ash and grain ash iron and zinc content as that of the donor Aegilops parent. Further work on backcrossing, selfing, selection of fertile derivatives, leaf and grain analyses for iron and zinc for developing biofortified bread and durum wheat cultivars is in progress. Nidhi Rawat, Vijay K. Tiwari, and Neelam Singh have contributed equally to the work.  相似文献   
9.
为探究适用于提高火龙果硒含量的含硒肥料种类和施肥方式,以“金都1号”火龙果为试验材料,增施含硒有机肥和氨基酸硒肥,氨基酸硒肥又设置喷施(3种浓度)和淋施(3种浓度)两种施用方式,研究火龙果产量、果肉和茎硒含量的变化特征。结果表明,施用含硒肥料对火龙果产量无显著影响(p>0.05)。增施含硒有机肥和淋施氨基酸硒肥均显著提高火龙果果肉、茎硒含量(p<0.05)。所有处理组中,含硒有机肥料处理组果肉硒含量最高,达到0.019 3 mg/kg,是空白对照的5.7倍,淋施氨基酸硒肥处理组果肉硒含量范围在0.006 1 ~0.007 9 mg/kg。所有喷施氨基酸硒肥处理组果肉、茎硒含量与对照无显著差异(p>0.05)。结论:土壤施硒是火龙果更为有效的硒生物强化方式;在酸性土壤中,施用碱性含硒有机肥能更好地达到硒生物强化效果。  相似文献   
10.
Abstract

The main objective of this work was to determine whether nitrogen-use efficiency was affected by the application of different forms (iodide vs iodate) and dosages (20, 40 and 80 µM) of iodine, to ascertain the influence of this trace element in a biofortification programme in lettuce plants. The parameters analysed were root and shoot biomass, nitrate concentration, and organic and total nitrogen as well as those defining nitrogen-use efficiency in plants: total nitrogen content, total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen-uptake efficiency and nitrogen-utilization efficiency. In addition to decreasing shoot biomass, iodide treatments reduced leaf levels of nitrates, organic nitrogen, and total nitrogen content. Iodate treatments did not affect the concentration of nitrogen in its different forms. The application of iodide caused total nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen-uptake efficiency to decrease, iodate application improved the latter. Both iodide and iodate applications significantly improved nitrogen-utilization efficiency in comparison to the control. The results obtained show that iodate application rates of 40 µM or lower significantly improved all nitrogen parameters analysed, making it possible to increase lettuce productivity and quality.  相似文献   
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