外源H_2O_2对沙打旺抗黄矮根腐病的影响

本研究以沙打旺抗病和感病品种为材料,接种埃里砖格孢孢子悬浮液后分别施加外源H2O2及其清除剂AsA,通过统计发病率、病情指数及测定POD、PPO、CAT、SOD、Glu和Cht六种病程相关蛋白酶活性,研究H2O2对沙打旺抗黄矮根腐病的影响。结果表明,接种埃里砖格孢后2种沙打旺H2O2含量高于未接种植株,且感病品种在38hH2O2含量最高,为929μmol/g,抗病品种最高值出现在24h,为986μmol/g。抗病、感病沙打旺发病率、病情指数在H2O2处理后最低,施加AsA最高。H2O2处理各种酶活性都有不同程度的增加,且对抗病品种酶活性提高大于感病品种,表明外施H2O2可以减缓沙打旺黄矮根腐病的发生和侵染。表明H2O2与沙打旺抗病性紧密相关,并通过调节病程相关酶活性来增强沙打旺对黄矮根腐病的抗性,减少侵染率。     

冷锻炼诱导甜椒抗冷力的生化机理研究

以喜温植物甜椒抗冷品种1141和不抗冷品种0004为试验材料,研究了冷锻炼对两品种叶片膜质过氧化作用及活性氧清除系统的影响。结果表明:冷锻炼明显提高了甜椒幼苗叶片细胞膜的稳定性及膜保护系统功能。与未锻炼苗相比较,锻炼苗在低温胁迫过程中表现出更高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量,以及较低的膜质过氧化水平。冷锻炼提高了两品种抵御低温破坏的能力,但对抗冷品种抗冷力的提高作用更大一些。     

热胁迫对豌豆生理的影响

[目的]揭示高温影响豌豆生长发育的生理学基础。[方法]通过测定热胁迫下豌豆幼苗的电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、抗坏血酸(AsA)变化及下胚轴长度,探讨热胁迫对豌豆一些生理指标的影响。[结果]温度越高,豌豆细胞膜的完整性损伤越大,外渗的胞内电解质越多。高温使更多的膜脂过氧化,导致MDA含量升高。高温胁迫明显造成叶片中抗氧化剂AsA的损失,降低了豌豆抵抗高温引发的氧化损伤的能力。在高温胁迫下,幼苗下胚轴的生长受抑制,热激温度越高下胚轴越短。[结论]热胁迫使豌豆细胞膜完整性受损,膜脂更多地被过氧化,AsA含量下降,下胚轴生长受到抑制。     

Effect of Pichia membranaefaciens on ROS metabolism and postharvest disease control in citrus fruit

The yeast Pichia membranaefaciens has antagonistic effects against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi that cause postharvest fruit decay. This work evaluated the effects of P. membranaefaciens on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and disease control in harvested citrus fruit (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). The lesion diameter caused by Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum on citrus fruit was remarkably reduced when the fruit was point-inoculated or dipped in a suspension of P. membranaefaciens at 1 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹. The application of P. membranaefaciens on citrus fruit enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, as well as the levels of hydrogen peroxide, the superoxide anion and glutathione, but inhibited the decreasing ascorbic acid content. Furthermore, catalase activity was decreased by the same treatment. These results indicated that yeast treatment induced the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes which might have antagonistic effects against postharvest green and blue mold infection in citrus fruit.     

外源抗坏血酸对酸雨胁迫油菜幼苗的缓解效应

为探讨抗坏血酸（AsA）对酸雨胁迫油菜毒害效应的缓解效果,以苏油1号为供试材料,采用盆栽土培的方法研究了不同浓度的外源AsA处理对pH2.5酸雨胁迫下油菜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,pH2.5酸雨显著抑制了油菜幼苗的生长,喷施外源AsA后,一定浓度范围的AsA可明显缓解油菜的酸雨胁迫,生物量、叶片色素含量、抗氧化酶活性等显著高于酸雨胁迫的油菜,丙二醛（MDA）含量和相对电导率显著低于酸雨处理油菜。但随着AsA喷施浓度的增加,缓解效应下降,生物量、叶绿素含量等下降,而MDA和电导率上升。可见适宜浓度的外源AsA对酸雨胁迫下的油菜幼苗具有一定的缓解效应,但浓度过高则产生促氧化作用,在试验中以4.0 mmol.L-1的效果最佳。     

Induction of disease resistance and ROS metabolism in navel oranges by chitosan

The objective of this work was to evaluate how disease resistance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in harvested navel oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) may be affected by chitosan. Fresh navel oranges were treated with 2% chitosan or 0.5% glacial acetic acid (control) solution for 1 min, and some were inoculated with Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum. Then, the fruit were stored at 20 °C and 85–95% RH. Treatment with 2% chitosan significantly reduced the disease incidence and the lesion diameter compared with control fruit. This treatment effectively enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), inhibited the activities of catalase (CAT) and the decreases of ascorbate (AsA) content during navel orange fruits storage. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in the navel orange fruit was induced slightly by the chitosan treatment during 14–21 days storage. However, glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the fruit was not enhanced by the chitosan treatment. These results indicated that chitosan treatment could induce the navel orange fruit disease resistance by regulating the H₂O₂ levels, antioxidant enzyme and ascorbate–glutathione cycle.     

毛花猕猴桃果实L-半乳糖内酯脱氢酶基因cDNA 片段的克隆与序列分析

毛花猕猴桃果实中Vc含量极高,为了揭示毛花猕猴桃Vc形成规律,根据已知植物的L-半乳糖内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH)基因,设计简并引物,以毛花猕猴桃新品种‘华特'果实为材料提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR法,克隆出一条长661 bp的cDNA片段,根据测序结果推测其氨基酸序列,并与刺梨、拟南芥、甘薯和草莓等植物的GalLDH基因编码的氨基酸序列进行亲缘分析.结果表明,所克隆片段编码氨基酸序列与美味猕猴桃GalLDH相似度高达99%,其在同源基因进化关系上聚为一类,与葡萄的GalLDH相似性高达91%,与草莓、刺梨、甘薯、温州蜜柑、拟南芥、甜瓜等植物的GalLDH同源性均在80%以上,可知克隆到的核苷酸片段确为毛花猕猴桃GalLDH基因的cDNA片段.     

Vitamin C requirement of kuruma shrimp postlarvae, Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate), using l-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Na/Ca

l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate‐Na/Ca (AMP‐Na/Ca) was used as a vitamin C source to investigate the ascorbic acid (AsA) requirements on growth performance and stress resistance of the post‐larval kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus. Purified carrageenan‐microbound diets with six levels of AMP‐Na/Ca, AsA equivalent to 0, 20, 56, 87, 759 and 1697 mg kg^?1 diet were fed to triplicate groups of M. japonicus (mean initial weight 16±0.3 mg) for 30 days. The diets with AsA 0, 20 and 56 mg kg^?1 showed high cumulative mortality after 10 days of feeding. After the 30‐day trial, the shrimp fed these diets had significantly lower survival and weight gain (WG, %) than those fed the 87, 759 and 1697 mg AsA kg^?1 diets. Specific growth rate and individual dry weight showed the same pattern as WG (%). There were no significant differences in growth performance among the groups fed the AsA levels at 87, 759 and 1697 mg kg^?1 at the termination of feeding trial. Broken‐line regression analysis indicated that 91.8 mg AsA kg^?1 in the diet was the optimum for post‐larval shrimp. On the other hand, dietary level of more than 800 mg AsA kg^?1 was needed to ensure high resistance to stressful conditions such as osmotic and formalin stressors.     

黄瓜L-半乳糖-1,4-内酯脱氢酶cDNA全长的克隆和遗传转化

以黄瓜D08108果实为材料,根据GenBank中登录的甜瓜L-半乳糖-1,4-内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH)的序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增出黄瓜GalLDH的cDNA全长,GenBank登录号为 HQ446099.黄瓜GalLDH的cDNA序列全长1880 bp,包含一个长为1773 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码590个氨基酸.其核苷酸序列与已知其他植物核苷酸序列间的同源性达70%以上.共检测得到5棵转基因植株