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1.
为了解桂林市沙糖橘产区的叶片营养元素的丰缺状况,并为桂林市沙糖橘的合理施肥提供一定的理论依据,于2017年调查分析了桂林市沙糖橘产区6个县60个果园叶片的氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、硼(B)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)的含量状况。结果显示,桂林市沙糖橘叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的平均含量分别为:(29.92±0.36)、(1.23±0.01)、(14.54±0.78)、(32.96±1.03)、(2.67±0.10) g.kg-1和(95.77±4.72)、(50.64±8.57)、(77.42±5.70)、(4.70±0.59)、(15.72±0.95)mg.kg-1.。其中,N和B含量普遍偏多,位于高量和过量水平的果园比例分别为43.33%和78.33%;P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu和Zn的含量普遍存在偏少现象,位于低量和缺乏水平的果园比例分别为38.33%、35.00%、40.00%、43.33%、65.00%和81.67%;Fe和Mn的含量适中的果园比例分别为65%和66.67%,均同时存在偏多或偏少的现象。桂林市沙糖橘产区树体营养元素失衡现象普遍存在,生产上应减少N和B肥的用量,重视补充P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn肥,合理施用Fe和Mn肥,以确保树体营养均衡,实现沙糖橘的优质丰产。  相似文献   
2.
Dispersion of a new invasive thrips species in the United States, chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, was studied on three plant hosts, i.e., cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), peanut (Arachis hypogeal L.) and pepper (Capsicum annum L.) in the greenhouse and under field conditions in Homestead, Florida. In the vertical distribution study, a strong negative relationship was observed between thrips density and height, with the significantly highest mean number of larvae and adults reported on host plants placed at the lowest height (45.7 cm) above ground. The study of horizontal distribution showed that S. dorsalis has weak dispersal potential and aggregates in open areas. During the entire six week study period, thrips were found to move a maximum of 12 m from their reservoir population. During two years (2009–2010 and 2010–2011) of study, a high abundance of thrips population was observed during May–October with the highest mean count during July and August in both years. Flight activity of adults was highest between 10:00and16:00 EST, during peak solar radiation (∼337–653 w/m2). Results from these studies will help growers and extension personnel predict farm-scale distribution of S. dorsalis and efficiently monitor the pest for management before they become a serious problem for the vegetable and ornamental industry in the United States.  相似文献   
3.
在小兴凯湖采集水样,滤掉浮游动物,对浮游植物进行为期12 d的实验室培养。试验设置了4个光照梯度和5个Fe浓度,分别进行对比试验。结果表明:随着Fe浓度的增加,浮游植物对Fe的吸收量也相应的增加。在低光照强度下,浮游植物对Fe的吸收规律不明显。在光强为4000 lx时,浮游植物吸收Fe量为0的培养瓶中浮游植物丰度降低了63.6 ind· L-1。在光强为8000 lx条件下,浮游植物丰度与吸收Fe量呈正相关关系。在光强为12000 lx时,吸收Fe量为0.091 mg· L-1的培养瓶中浮游植物丰度增加了2791.2 ind· L-1,说明了光照强度对藻类生长的限制作用明显高于培养液中营养元素对藻类生长的限制作用。  相似文献   
4.
玉米“3414”不完全施肥研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用"3414"不完全施肥试验方案设计,研究单种玉米在淡灰钙土条件下的土壤供肥量、作物吸收养分量、土壤养分丰缺指标等参数,提出相应的推荐施肥量。结果表明:在该土壤类型条件下单种玉米施纯N 330 kg/hm2、P2O590 kg/hm2、K2O 90 kg/hm2,玉米可获得较好的经济产量。  相似文献   
5.
采用Weibull分布模型、对数正态分布模型、对数级数模型、分割线段模型、几何级数分布模型来拟合珍稀植物南方红豆杉群落物种-多度分布格局,并用卡方临界值检验模型的拟合效果。结果表明:Weibull分布、对数正态分布、对数级数分布可用于描述南方红豆杉群落乔木层种-多度分布格局;而Weibull分布和对数正态分布适合于灌木层种-多度关系的描述。  相似文献   
6.
In a Dutch Scots pine forest an experiment was conducted to quantify the role of soil biota in the functioning of the soil ecosystem, and the effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition. For this, the site was sampled at 8-week intervals during 2.5 years. This paper reports on the population dynamics of enchytraeids in the field and in stratified litterbags. Mean yearly abundance of the enchytraeid community in the field was 47 600 m–2, or 0.70 g (dry weight) m–2. The community consisted mainly of three species: Cognettia sphagnetorum, Marionina clavata and Achaeta eiseni, of which C. sphagnetorum was dominant. The enchytraeid populations showed a marked stratification in the same sequence. Freshly fallen pine needles were colonized by C. sphagnetorum, while other species followed much later. It was found that data from the litterbags were reasonably comparable with field data, when expressed per gram of dry substrate, but less so when expressed per square metre. Multiple regression analysis of the data showed that the population dynamics in the litter layer could largely be explained by temperature and moisture fluctuations; in deeper layers other factors, such as the stage of decomposition, were probably more important. Received: 26 June 1997  相似文献   
7.
 The dynamics of earthworm populations were investigated in continuously-cropped, conventional disk-tilled corn agroecosystems which had received annual long-term (6 years) amendments of either manure or inorganic fertilizer. Earthworm populations were sampled at approximately monthly intervals during the autumn of 1994 and spring and autumn of 1995 and 1996. The dominant earthworm species were Lumbricus terrestris L. and Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen), which comprised 50–60% and 8–13%, respectively, of the total annual earthworm biomass. Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister) and Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dugés) were much less abundant and contributed a small fraction of total earthworm biomass. Earthworm numbers and biomass were significantly greater in manure-amended plots compared to inorganic fertilizer-treated plots during the majority of the study period. Seasonal fluctuations in earthworm numbers and biomass were attributed to changes in soil temperature and moisture, and cultivation. Unfavorable climatic conditions in the summer and autumn of 1995 caused earthworm abundance and biomass to decline significantly. Mature L. terrestris, L. rubellus and A. tuberculata were most abundant in May and June of 1995 and 1996, and cocoon production was greatest in June and July 1995 and June 1996. Recruitment of juveniles of Lumbricus spp. and Aporrectodea spp. into earthworm communities occurred primarily in the autumn. Long-term amendments of manure or inorganic fertilizer did not change the species composition of earthworm communities in these agroecosystems. The earthworm populations in both manure and inorganic fertilizer plots have declined significantly after 5 years of continuously-cropped corn. Received: 24 August 1997  相似文献   
8.
Baseline data on distribution and abundance of tigers in the Sundarbans is required to identify problem areas and evaluate management strategies. This paper outlines a khal (creek) bank survey of track set frequency throughout the Bangladesh Sundarbans to aid formulation of a management-driven monitoring program. Three teams of two observers surveyed a total of 1 201 km of waterways throughout the Sundarbans, recording 1 338 tiger track sets. These sets became unrecognizable as tiger sign after a mean 10 days (range 6-14). Proportion of detectable sign recorded was 0.91. Mean (±standard error) sample unit track frequency was 1.12 ± 0.86 track sets/km of khal. The mean coefficient of variance in sample unit track rate, estimated by multiple counts of six sample units, was 0.21 (range 0.06-0.34). Track frequency generally increased from northeast to southwest. Four sample units (6%) had signs of reproduction, with a mean litter size of 1.75 ± 0.5. Monte Carlo simulation suggests a monitoring program of one complete survey every two years will have power of 0.8 (α = 0.2), to detect track frequency declines of ?19% and increases of ?17%. We recommend this monitoring scheme be implemented on the Indian side of the Sundarbans to provide a standard assessment of the tiger population and to form the basis for setting management objectives and evaluating transboundary conservation initiatives.  相似文献   
9.
 The structure and seasonal changes of earthworm communities were evaluated in a natural savanna and in a improved grass-legume pasture in a Colombian oxisol over a period of 18 months. One plot of 90×90 m was isolated in each of the systems and each month five samples of 1 m2×0.5 m and ten of 20×20×20 cm were randomly selected from a stratified block design. Species richness was similar in the two evaluated plots (seven species), whereas diversity measured by the index, H (Shannon and Weaver 1949) was clearly different, i.e. H=2.89 in natural savanna and H=1.29 in pasture. This is explained by differences in earthworm community structure. The average annual density in the savanna was 49.8, ranging from 10.8 to 135.8 individuals (ind) m–2, and biomass was 3.3 g m–2 (hand-sorting method), ranging from 0.9 to 11.5 g m–2. In the man-made pasture, density was 80.1 ind m–2 on average, ranging from 24 to 215.8 ind m–2 and biomass was more than tenfold higher, ranging from 29.2 to 110.4 g m–2. This was especially due to the presence of a large glossoscolecid anecic species, Martiodrilus carimaguensis Jiménez and Moreno, which has been greatly favoured by conversion of savanna to pasture. Endogeic species were dominant in the natural savanna whereas the anecic species accounted for 88% of total earthworm biomass in the pasture. Total earthworm density and biomass were significantly different in the two systems studied (t-test). The results indicate a clearly positive response of earthworm communities to improved pastures, a type of land use that is being increasingly adopted in moist neotropical savannas. Received: 20 October 1997  相似文献   
10.
陕西关中灌区冬小麦土壤养分丰缺指标体系的建立   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
为给陕西关中地区小麦合理施肥提供科学依据,2006-2008年在陕西关中灌区进行了多点冬小麦"3414"田间试验,分析了不同土壤肥力水平下冬小麦土壤有效养分含量与相对产量的相关性,并依此确定土壤养分等级和推荐施肥量.结果表明,关中灌区小麦田土壤碱解氮含量等级可划分为低(<60 mg/kg)、中(60~100 mg/kg)、高(100~120 mg/kg)和极高(>120 mg/kg);速效磷含量可划分为低(<10 mg/kg)、中(10~30 mg/kg)、高(30~45 mg/kg)和极高(>45 mg/kg);速效钾含量分为高(100~165 mg/kg)和极高(>165 mg/kg).当土壤碱解氮含量处于低、中、高等级时,氮肥推荐用量分别为155~175、135~155、125~135 kg/ha,极高等级的推荐施氮量未能确定;当土壤速效磷含量处于低、中、高和极高等级时,磷肥(P2O5)推荐用量分别为120~140、90~115、70~90和60~70 kg/ha;当土壤速效钾含量处于高和极高时,钾肥(K2O)推荐用量为50~80和15~35 kg/ha.  相似文献   
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