喀斯特森林近地表层覆盖对碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程的影响

蒸发是西南喀斯特地区薄层土壤水分损失的主要途径,浅层土壤水分的存蓄对喀斯特地区农业生产和生态恢复至关重要。以西南喀斯特森林碳酸盐岩红土为研究对象,基于室内蒸渗试验设置4个苔藓生物量(0,0.32,0.64,0.95 kg/m~2)和3个松针生物量(0,0.32,0.64 kg/m~2)共12种处理,分析森林近地表层覆盖对碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程及表层温度时空分布的影响规律,并对比3种蒸发模型(Black、Rose、空气动力学蒸发模型)在喀斯特森林碳酸盐岩红土的适用性。结果表明:苔藓和松针覆盖显著降低累积蒸发量和蒸发速率(P0.05),接种苔藓0.95 kg/m~2和覆盖松针0.64 kg/m~2处理比裸土累积蒸发量小36.9%;苔藓和松针导致土壤含水量显著增加(P0.05);苔藓和松针增加了表层土壤的平均温度,松针对土壤温度的提升作用强于苔藓;Black、Rose和空气动力学模型均能较好地模拟碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程,Black蒸发模型的拟合精度高于Rose和空气动力学蒸发模型。研究结果能为西南喀斯特地区的水量平衡分析提供理论支撑并加强对喀斯特森林地表水文过程的认知。     

投球综合堵漏技术在中古X-H7井的应用研究

塔里木油田塔中地区碳酸盐岩地层由于长期开采,地层压力逐渐降低,缝洞较发育,经过频繁酸化酸压改造后,形成了超低压的缝洞型漏层,经常发生恶性井漏,严重影响了该区块的开发进程。为此,分析了碳酸盐岩地层堵漏难点及相应的堵漏措施,结合中古X-H7井的漏失情况,制定了投球综合堵漏的技术措施。采取向漏层投不同尺寸的树脂球,树脂球通过初步架桥将大型缝、洞改变为小的缝隙,并配合加入雷特超强堵漏剂的酸溶性综合堵漏浆进一步封固,有效封堵内外漏失通道,并具有较高的承压能力,最终实现堵漏设计目的。投球综合堵漏技术在中古X-H7井成功实践,验证了该工艺在解决塔中地区大型缝洞引起的恶性漏失的可行性,将为后续该区块堵漏提供了有效的技术支撑。     

红土晒烟品种比较试验

以保山地区大面积种植的红土晒烟品种拉茄为对照,对不同种源的肯那、歪尾巴、沂水香烟、Va309等4个品种进行比较试验,通过生物学性状、农艺性状、外观质量的观察比较和对产量、产值的方差分析结果:参试品种均不及对照品种拉茄;歪尾巴、肯那综合性状表现相对较好,接近拉茄;而沂水香烟、Va309明显较差。     

塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层试井分析方法及应用

碳酸盐岩油藏由于其复杂性,试井资料解释和油藏评价存在一些困难。应用数值试井方法,对储层模型和油相流动模型通过PEBI网格离散获得相应的差分方程。用该差分方程的解解释碳酸盐岩储层试井数据,能获得较好的效果。     

红壤中水热耦合转化的实验和数值模拟研究

Coupled transfer of soil water and heat in closed columns of homogeneous red soil was studied under laboratory conditions.A coupled model was constructed using soil physical theory,empirical equations and experimental data to predict the coupled transfer.The results show that transport of soil water was affected by temperaature gradient,and the largest net water transport was found in the soil column with initial water content of 0.148m^3m^-3,At the same time,temperature changes with the transport of soil water was in a nonlinear shape as heat parameters wre function of water content,and the changes of temperature were positively correlated with the net amount of water transported.Numerical modelling results show that the predicted values of temperature distribution were close to the observed values,while the predicted values of water content exhibited limited deviation at both ends of the soil column due to the slight temperature changes at both ends .It WAS indicated that the model proposed here was applicable.     

液体培养研究不同土壤中硝化活性

A red soil, a fluvo-aquic soil and a permeable paddy soil were used in a long-term investigation to study changes in nitrification with treatments: 1) soil incubation, 2) liquid incubation inoculated with soil samples, and 3) liquid incubation inoculated with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) from the soils. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in nitrification rates among the three soils when measured for 28 days by adding (NH4)2SO4 at the rate of 154 mg N kg-1 dry soil to fresh soil. However, the amounts of nitrifying bacteria in the three soils were not related to soil nitrification capacity. When the soil samples or the isolates of AOB enriched from the corresponding soil were incubated in liquid with pH 5.8, 7.0 and 8.0 buffers and 10 mmol L-1 ammonium nitrogen, there were no significant nitrification differences in the same soil type at each pH. The ability to oxidize ammonia through AOB from different types of soils in a homogeneous culture medium was similar, and the soil nitrification capacity could reflect the inherent properties of a soil. Altering the culture medium pH of individual soil type also showed that acidification of an alkaline fluvo-aquic soil decreased nitrification capacity, whereas alkalinization of the acidic red soil and permeable paddy soil increased their nitrification. For a better insight into factors influencing soil nitrification processes, soil properties including texture and clay composition should be considered.     

2013年的13个猜想

你也许厌倦了那些长篇大论的新赛季预测,而我们也对每年必有的"费德勒将赢得大满贯冠军"的文档感到麻木,所以我们试着将对现实的分析和游荡在天空的想象揉合在一起,希望各位能带着一点娱乐的心态看待你即将读到的文字。这13件事也许真的会有一些在接下来的时间里发生,也可能会在年末被当成板砖拍向的目标。当然,这一切发生的前提是——玛雅人的预言没有发生。     

给大牌球员的新年礼物

现身在公众场合,手握麦克风问着别人问题,沃兹尼亚奇又一次展现了她在新闻发布会上的娴熟技巧。只是这一次谈论的无关乎网球而是高尔夫,她提问的对象则是她的男友——麦克罗伊。就像沃兹参加过的很多新闻发布会一样,这场发布会她表现得同样很棒。"如果你这星期赢了比赛,我是不是会收到一个超级棒的礼物?"小妮子甜蜜发问。麦克罗伊狡猾地回避了这个问题,     

拉法回来了,我们的期待是?

二月的职业网坛总让人意兴阑珊,不过今年多亏了一个马略卡岛人让情况发生逆转。在长达7个月折磨人的休赛期后,纳达尔终于在南美的赛场闪亮登场,让人们的目光全部聚焦到了智利这场小小的巡回赛上。纳达尔原本打算在年初的澳网重回赛场,但是突如其来的胃病打乱了他的计划。现在,即使有报道说拉法的膝盖还没有100%的痊愈,但他真的回来了。他来到了智利,他出现在了比赛现场,他真的在打比赛了!因为第一轮单打轮空,拉法的首场     

海上油田特低渗透碳酸盐岩储层改造技术研究与实践

珠江口盆地珠江组发育了一套特低渗透碳酸盐岩储层，若不进行储层改造就无法获得产能。在充分了解储层特征的基础上，制定了泡沫酸压的储层工艺改造方案。现场实施结果表明，利用该方案能有效改善储层物性，大幅度提高原油产量。