黄瓜硝酸还原酶基因(CsNR)序列分析及正反义表达载体的构建

为进一步研究CsNR的作用机制,从黄瓜幼叶中克隆获得硝酸还原酶基因编码区序列(CDS)全长和片段(CsNR;EC1.6.6.1),并运用生物学软件对该基因进行序列分析。其中CDS全长2 748 bp,编码915个氨基酸;CDS片段360 bp。CDS全长和p ROKⅡ经Kpn I单酶切和连接,构建了CsNR正义表达载体;CDS片段和p ROKⅡ经Kpn I和Sac I双酶切,构建了CsNR反义表达载体。通过与其他高等植物NR蛋白进行同源性比对分析,结果发现,CsNR基因的氨基酸序列与甜瓜、烟草、拟南芥、油菜NR基因编码的氨基酸序列高度同源,其中与甜瓜NR蛋白之间同源性最高,为98.25%。     

Physiological Responses of Two Wheat Cultivars to Nitrogen Starvation

Plants need to be efficient in nutrient management,especially when they face the temporal nutrient defficiencies.Understanding how crops respond to nitrogen (N) starvation would help in the selection of crop cultivars more tolerant to N deficiency.In the present work,the physiological responses of two wheat cultivars,Yannong 19 (YN) and Qinmai 11 (QM),to N starvation conditions were investigated.The two cultivars differed in biomass and N rearrangement between shoots and roots during N starvation.QM allocated more N to roots and exhibited higher root/shoot biomass ratio than YN.However,tissue measurement indicated that both cultivars had similar nitrate content in leaves and roots and similar remobilization rate in roots.Microelectrode measurement showed that vacuolar nitrate activity (concentration) in roots of QM was lower than that in roots of YN,especially in epidermal cells.Nitrate remobilization rates from root vacuoles of two cultivars were also identical.Moreover,vacuolar nitrate remobilization rate was proportional to vacuolar nitrate activity.During N starvation,nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was decreased but there were no significant differences between the two cultivars.Nitrate efflux from roots reduced after external N removal and QM seemed to have higher nitrate efflux rate.     

硝、铵态氮不同配比对华北落叶松幼苗生长和硝酸还原酶活性的调控效应

[目的]研究硝、铵态氮不同形态配比处理对华北落叶松幼苗生物量生长和硝酸还原酶活性的调控效应,结合幼苗氮吸收、分配及生物量分配规律进一步探讨氮素形态配比对华北落叶松幼苗生长的调控机制。[方法]以三年生华北落叶松幼苗为试验材料,通过盆栽控制试验,比较硝、铵态氮不同形态配比处理下,华北落叶松幼苗生物量、净氮吸收速率、硝酸还原酶活性以及可溶性蛋白含量的差异。[结果]当硝、铵态氮配比为75∶25或50∶50时,华北落叶松幼苗单株生物量较大,且在75%NO_3~--N处理下单株总氮含量及净氮吸收速率均显著高于其它处理,幼苗根、茎、叶各器官硝酸还原酶活性也均表现出随NO_3~--N所占比例的增加而增加,但唯一NO_3~--N源又导致NR活性下降。NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N相当比例或较大比例的NO_3~--N处理总是有利于优先生长部位的酶促作用和可溶性蛋白的合成和供应。[结论]氮素形态配比通过影响NR活性的改变来调控华北落叶松幼苗的N代谢,通过影响蛋白质的合成并影响N的吸收(N的吸收速率和吸收量)和同化,再通过N在幼苗体内的分配进而影响生物量及其分配格局,从而影响幼苗的生长。     

硫营养对小麦、玉米碳、氮代谢中几项生理参数的影响

人工控制条件下生长的小麦、玉米分别培养在含0、0.5、1.0和2.0mM SO_4~(-2)4个硫营养水平的Hoagland 培养液中,对2—6周龄的植株进行了 RuBPCase、PEPCase、NR 的活性,叶片可溶性蛋白质含量,叶绿素 a 和 b 含量以及植株最终叶面积和总干重的测定。结果指出,硫营养不足影响了作物的碳、氮代谢,随着供硫量的增加,上述各参数值     

花生硝酸还原酶与根瘤中固氮酶活性的研究

花生品种间根瘤量的变化有显著差异,但每克根瘤中固氮酶活性则差异不显著。固氮酶活性在全生育期出现两次高峰,分别在下针期和结荚期,而单株根瘤中固氮酶活性和单株根瘤量均在结荚期出现一次高峰。花生主茎复叶硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)在生育前期出现一次高峰,其活性的高低与品种耐肥性呈负相关。NRA 和根瘤中固氮酶活性有正相关     

Nitrate reductase activity and its diurnal variation rhythm for Camptotheca acuminata seedlings

Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in different plant organs and leaves in different positions of Camptotheca acuminata seedlings was determined by an In vivo assay, the diurnal variation rhythm of NRA in leaves of different positions was observed,and the correlations between leaf NRA, leaf area and lamina mass per unit area (LMA) were also examined. The results showed that NRA in the leaf was significantly highest, compared with that in other organs such as roots, stems and leaves. In this experiment, the 10 leaves were selected from the apex to the base of the seedlings in order. The different NRA occurred obviously in leaves of different positions of C. acuminata seedlings from the apex to the base, and NRA was higher in the 4th-6th leaves.The diurnal change rhythm of leaf NRA showed a one peak curve, and maximum NRA value appeared at about midday (at 12:30 or so). No obvious correlations between NRA and leaf area or lamina mass per unit area were observed. This study offered scientific foundation for the further research on nitrogen metabolism of C. acuminata.     

几种树种水浸液对杉木叶片硝酸还原酶的效应

采用完全随机区组设计,用马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)、木荷(Schimasuperba)、赤楠(Syzygiubuxifolium)、杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata)的枝叶1∶6浓度水浸液和清水共5个不同处理浇灌盆栽的杉木幼苗,2a后对其叶片的硝酸还原酶活性进行测定。结果表明,经过几种杉木伴生种水浸液处理2a后杉木的硝酸还原酶活性比杉木水浸液及清水处理的有较大程度的提高,其中经过马尾松水浸液处理的杉木叶片的硝酸还原酶活性最高,而经杉木枝叶水浸液处理的硝酸还原酶活性最低。     

杨树苗木叶硝酸还原酶活力的初步研究

硝酸还原酶是植物体内氮素代谢的关键酶。植物从外界环境中吸收的硝酸盐需要经过一系列酶促反应才能转化成氨基酸和蛋白质,以供生长需要。硝酸还原酶是这个代谢过程中的第一个酶,也是个限速酶,其活力的高低与植物同化NO_3~--N的能力和速度有直接关系。汤玉玮等的研究发现,硝酸还原酶活力与作物的耐肥性呈负相关,并在综述国内外有关研究文献中指出,该酶可以做为作物育种和营养诊断的生化指标。     

腌菜怎样吃才健康

在过去,一到冬天,我国广阔的北方,天地间一片荒凉,寸草不生,枯叶凋零。从11月到4月之间,几乎没有什么办法种植"应季"的蔬菜和水果。腌菜成了人们储存蔬菜的方式。然而,随着温室栽培技术和现代运输业不断的发展与进步,在寒冷的北方,新鲜的蔬菜水果供应已不成问题,南方特有的蔬菜水果也很便捷地运输到北方市场。在人们如此重视营养、健康的今天,传统的腌菜怎样吃才健康呢?