贵州石斛属植物种类资源研究

对贵州省石斛属植物进行了调查,分析了贵州省与部分省区石斛属植物区系间的亲缘关系。结果表明,贵州省有28种石斛属的野生种类,石斛属植物占全国总种数的35.90%,与广西省和云南省的相似程度最高。在垂直分布上随着海拔升高,种数先逐渐增加后减少,在海拔900~1100 m时达到最大,在此区间,石斛资源最丰富;在水平分布上,贵州省42个市(县)及2个保护区有石斛属植物分布,只有1个特有种为梵净山石斛。     

不同水稻种质中渗透胁迫抗性基因DREB2A的遗传多样性分析

本研究旨在分析转录因子DREB2A基因在不同水稻种质中的遗传多样性,以期为水稻耐渗透胁迫遗传改良提供分子工具。利用单倍型分析、系统进化树、遗传距离和密码子偏好性分析,对85份不同类型水稻种质中DREB2A基因的功能性核苷酸序列变异及遗传多样性进行了研究。共鉴定出55个核苷酸变异位点,其中12个位于编码区,43个位于非编码区;鉴定出12个DREB2A等位基因型,其中来自非洲栽培稻(Oryza glaberrima)的3个等位基因型表现大片段变异;根据DREB2A基因的序列变异鉴定出39个单倍型,其中33个为新单倍型;将所有单倍型分为三组（Group I、II和III）,其中非洲栽培稻(Oryza glaberrima)中的10个单倍型单独分为一组(Group III);系统进化树、遗传距离和密码子偏好性分析均表明Group III与其他两组具有较大差异。对85份不同类型水稻种质中DREB2A基因的序列分析表明,非洲栽培稻(Oryza glaberrima)中的DREB2A等位基因在序列变异、系统进化关系和密码子偏好性方面均明显不同于其他种质材料中的等位基因。     

Effects of cardiac contractility modulation on ventricular electrical remodeling in rabbits with chronic heart failure

AIM: To investigate the effects of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) on ventricular electrical remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure. METHODS: The rabbits were divided into sham group, heart failure(HF) group and HF+ CCM group. The rabbit model of chronic heart failure was established by ligating the ascending aortic root. Then electrical stimulations during the absolute refractory period were delivered lasting 6 h everyday for 4 weeks in rabbits of HF+ CCM group. The QTc and ventricular effective refrective period (VERP) were recorded. The protein and mRNA levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and connexin 43 (Cx43) were determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, QTc were significantly prolonged in HF rabbits at week 12 (P<0.05). CCM therapy shortened QTc of rabbits with heart failure at week 16 (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, VERP significantly increased in HF group and HF+ CCM group, while CCM therapy shortened VERP of rabbits with heart failure at week 16 (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, the mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 were decreased in HF group and HF+ CCM group (P<0.05). However, CCM therapy restored the mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 of rabbits with heart failure (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CCM suppresses ventricular electrical remodeling in heart failure and the underlying mechanism may be associated with increasing Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 expression.     

Predictive Modeling for Growth and Enterotoxin Production of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk

Predictive microbiology was utilized to model Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) growth and staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA) production in milk in this study. The modified logistic model, modified Gompertz model and Baranyi model were applied to model growth data of S. aureus between 15℃ and 37℃. Model comparisons indicated that Baranyi model described the growth data more accurately than two others with a mean square error of 0.0129. Growth rates generated from Baranyi model matched the observed ones with a bias factor of 0.999 and an accuracy factor of 1.01, and fit a square root model with respect to temperature; other two modified models both overestimated the observed ones. SEA amount began to be detected when the cell number reached 10~(6.4) cfu · mL~(-1), and showed the linear correlation with time. Besides, the rate of SEA production fitted an exponential relationship as a function of temperature. Predictions based on the study could be applied to indicate possible growth of S. aureus and prevent the occurrence of staphylococcal food poisoning.     

Modelling and mapping natural hazard regulating ecosystem services in Sapa,Lao Cai province,Vietnam

Land use change due to the development of agriculture and community-based tourism has resulted in an increase in natural hazards (e.g. erosion and landslides) that affect sustainability in the Sapa mountainous area in northern Vietnam. Natural hazard regulating ecosystem services have protected the local people from the destruction of their villages, goods and natural resources, especially in the rainy season. However, it is difficult to identify which kinds of anthropogenic constructions support a co-production of regulating services in human-influenced social–ecological systems and in which specific types of land use and land cover the supply of such services takes place, especially in heterogeneous mountainous areas. Therefore, this research attempts to (1) distinguish between the potential and actual use (flow) of natural hazard regulating ecosystem services and (2) understand how soil erosion and landslide regulating ecosystem services can contribute to a sustainable management of different ecosystems, especially in rice fields and forest areas. Two models (InVEST for soil erosion, Analytic Hierarchy Process for landslide analysis) were used to analyze and map the contributions of natural versus anthropogenic components for regulating natural hazards in Sapa. The results show the incoherent distribution of erosion regulating services and low capacities of landslide regulating services in areas that have seriously been affected by human activities, especially forestry and agricultural development. The contribution of rice ecosystems to soil erosion mitigation is higher than in the case of landslides. Nevertheless, one-third of the area of paddy fields in the case study area have “no” capacity to supply natural hazard regulating ecosystem services and should therefore be re-forested.     

河北省棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术体系构建

为了构建科学合理、可操作性强的河北省棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术体系，于2011－2015年在河北省沧州植棉区开展了棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术研究，包括色板诱杀、性信息素、频振式杀虫灯和高效生物农药应用等，并逐步构建了针对棉田绿盲蝽的绿色防控技术体系。根据相关研究发现，该绿色防控技术对棉田绿盲蝽有较好的防治效果，与常规防治区相比，减药控害成果显著。     

以生态文化引领美丽乡村景观规划——以许家崖流域连片村庄规划建设为例

文章论述了乡村生态文化的概念和内涵,并以山东省费县许家崖流域19个连片村落美丽乡村建设为例,分析了许家崖流域乡村生态文化的资源类型和存在的问题;在此基础上,从完善生态文化结构入手研究美丽乡村景观规划和建设实践,以推动乡村振兴战略的实施.     

基于机器视觉的马铃薯晚疫病快速识别

晚疫病是马铃薯的一种严重病害,可造成减产甚至绝收。因此马铃薯晚疫病的识别与控制对提高其产量有非常重要的意义。该文基于机器视觉技术对马铃薯叶部晚疫病进行检测,根据马铃薯叶片上晚疫病斑的颜色、纹理和形状特征参数的不同,提取叶片表面的特征参数,并建立数学模型对病害程度做出评价。在RGB、HSV颜色空间中,根据马铃薯叶片在患病早期叶片颜色发生变化且与健康叶片不同,利用颜色特征,建立马铃薯晚疫病的无病和患病模型,该模型对马铃薯患病早期的识别率为67.5%。利用灰度共生矩阵,采用纹理统计参数进行病害等级评价,用熵值和能量值描述晚疫病的严重程度,纹理特征对患病程度的识别率比较稳定,对患病中期与后期的识别率分别为72.5%与80%。利用形状特征的相对特征,根据病斑面积比进行晚疫病诊断,该方法对马铃薯叶片晚疫病患病后期的诊断取得较好效果,识别率为90%,但由于叶片患病早期的病斑面积小且分散,识别难度大,识别率仅为50%。针对颜色、纹理及形状特征在识别马铃薯叶片晚疫病时的优势与局限性,提出颜色纹理形状特征结合的识别方法,对患病中期与后期的识别率分别为90%和92.5%。通常马铃薯晚疫病的理化值检测法耗时数天,但利用机器视觉识别马铃薯晚疫病患病情况非常快速,根据颜色特征进行病害识别的时间约为4 s,纹理特征识别的时间为7 s,形状特征特征识别的时间为3 s,综合颜色纹理形状特征的识别由于计算量较大,识别时间为9 s。该研究可为基于机器视觉的马铃薯晚疫病的快速检测提供理论依据。     

刺参腐皮综合征发生的分子调控机制研究进展

2003年以来, 海参产业发展速度和拓展规模均达到前所未有的水平, 在国内形成了继海带、对虾、扇贝、海水鱼类养殖之后"第五次"海水养殖产业浪潮.伴随着养殖规模和密度的扩大, 病害问题也日益凸显, 已逐渐成为海参产业健康发展的瓶颈, 对生态环境和食品安全威胁巨大, 其中以腐皮综合征最具代表性.本文梳理分析了刺参Apostichopus japonicus腐皮综合征的主要病原, 系统阐述了刺参应对病原感染的免疫调节机制和代表性病原致病机制研究进展, 总结了刺参病害的生态防治方法, 并在实现刺参产业健康可持续发展、病原致病机制及环境调控疾病发生研究等方面提出了相应发展对策, 以期为构建绿色健康的刺参疾病防控策略提供参考.