高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)对土壤中菲和芘的修复作用研究

采用盆栽试验法,研究了高羊茅对污染土壤中菲、芘的去除效果与修复机制.结果显示:在试验浓度范围(0～322 mg/kg)内,植物-微生物系统对土壤中芘、菲的去除效果明显.种植高羊茅60 d后,土壤-高羊茅系统(TD3)对土壤中菲、芘去除率分别为52.82%～82.27%(m=67.96%)、47.27%～75.4%(m=60.06%);平均去除率分别比对照组TD1(无植物,不加NaN_3)高45.41%,41.63%,比对照组TD_2(无植物,加0.1% NaN_3)高62.89%,57.5%.高羊茅能吸收积累土壤中的菲和芘,根部和茎叶部菲、芘含量随土壤中菲、芘浓度的提高而增大;生物浓缩系数随土壤中菲、芘含量的增加而减小,且根部大于茎叶部、芘大于菲.修复过程中,非生物因子、植物积累对菲、芘的去除率分别只有5.07%,0.017%和2.56%,0.11%;微生物降解、高羊茅-微生物间的交互作用对菲、芘的平均去除率分别为19.21%,62.87%和15.87%,57.5%.说明微生物降解作用、植物-微生物交互作用是土壤中菲、芘去除的主要途径.

Abstract：

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of the removal and accumulation of phenanthrene and pyrene by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). The results showed that plantation of tall fescue significantly removed phenanthrene and pyrene from the soils at their initial concentrations of 0 to 322 mg/kg. Sixty days after the plantation of tall fescue, 52.82%～82.27% (m=67.96%)of phenanthrene and 47.27%～75.4% (m=60.06%) of pyrene were removed from the soils of TD3. On the average, tall fescue removed more phenanthrene (by 45.41%) and more pyrene (by 41.63%) from the soils as compared to TD1, and more phenanthrene (by 62.89%) and more pyrene (by 57.5%) from the soils as compared to TD2. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for phenanthrene and pyrene tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of these contaminants in soil, the BCFs for pyrene were larger than those for phenanthrene, and the BCFs for phenanthrene and pyrene in the shoots were much lower than those in the roots in the same treatments. Though the plantation of tall fescue markedly enhanced the remediation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils, contributions of biotic and abiotic factors to phytoremediation process were distinctly different. Abiotic loss and plant accumulation accounted for 5.07% and 0. 017% of the total removal of phenanthrene and for 2.56% and 0. 11% of pyrene from thesoils, respectively. In contrast,an average of 19.21% of the total removal of phenanthrene and 15.87% of pyrene were attributed to the contributions of microbial degradation, and 62.87% of phenanthrene and 57.5% of pyrene to plant-microbial interactions. Microbial degradation and plant-microbial interactions are thus considered to be the main mechanisms of the remediation of soil PAHs pollution.     

蚯蚓活动对金发草修复土壤菲芘污染的强化作用

采用盆栽试验法,研究了蚯蚓(Pheretimasp.)对金发草(Pogonatherum paniceum L.)修复菲、芘污染土壤的强化作用。结果显示,在试验浓度范围(20.1~322.1 mg kg-1)内,蚯蚓活动促进了菲、芘污染土壤中金发草的生长,其根冠比明显增大。添加蚯蚓70d后,种植金发草的土壤中菲、芘的平均去除率高达77.0%、70.6%,平均去除率分别较无蚯蚓作用时(68.7%、61.2%)增长了8.3%、9.5%;相同污染水平下,蚯蚓活动对芘的强化去除程度总是大于菲。各修复因子中,植物-微生物交互作用对菲、芘去除的平均贡献率(46.6%、42.8%)最为突出,分别较无蚯蚓活动时(41.6%、36.6%)增长了5.0%、6.1%。说明蚯蚓活动可强化土壤-植物系统对土壤中菲、芘污染的去除作用。     

油菜-紫花苜蓿混种对土壤中菲、芘的修复作用

 【目的】探讨混种模式下植物对土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）污染的联合修复、积累效应。【方法】采用盆栽试验法,对比研究油菜、紫花苜蓿在不同栽培模式下对土壤中芘、菲的去除效果与修复机制。【结果】在试验浓度范围内,混种模式下芘、菲的修复效果明显超过单种模式。油菜、紫花苜蓿联合种植70 d后,土壤中菲、芘平均去除率为75.06%、68.22%,分别比二者单独种植时高出43.26%、40.38%和11.03%、16.29%,强化效果明显。植物本身能够吸收与累积在一定量的菲和芘,累积量与土壤中菲、芘的添加浓度正相关。相同污染水平下,茎叶部积累量低于根部、菲小于芘、混种模式低于单种模式。在植物-微生物系统中,微生物降解、植物-微生物联合效应是菲、芘去除的主要途径,但植物-微生物联合效应是混种模式下强化修复PAHs污染的主要原因。【结论】混种模式能强化PAHs污染土壤的修复效果、减少植物积累、缓解污染风险。     

典型有机肥-猪粪对重金属镉的吸持累积特性研究

针对近年来有机肥重金属污染日趋普遍的情况,本文对猪粪的基本性质特征及其对重金属镉的吸持累积特性进行了研究并与商品有机肥进行了比较.结果表明:上述两种有机肥对镉的最大吸附量分别为192.31μg/g和119.05μg/g,猪粪对镉的吸附能力明显强于商品有机肥,不同种类的有机肥对镉的吸附能力差异较大.猪粪作为有机肥虽具有较好的肥力,但也存在对农作物不利的因素.