化学打顶对阿拉尔垦区主栽品种光合冠层的影响

化学打顶是指利用植物生长调节剂来打破作物顶端优势,进而保障作物的正常生长和生产。本文为探究化学打顶对作物的影响,利用摇钱素和棉花打顶剂处理新陆中70和新陆中82不同品种,同时测定不同化学打顶剂处理条件下,棉花的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂浓度及棉花冠层叶面积指数指标。研究发现：不同化学打顶处理条件下,与人工打顶相比化学打顶的棉花的五种指标变化均不明显,但新陆中70和新陆中82品种的净光合速率平均值与对照相比分别高出3 μmol/(m2.s)和2 μmol/(m2.s),且冠层叶面积指数值比人工打顶的略高。试验结果表明化学打顶处理后没有造成棉花疯长,提高了光能利用率,进而增加作物群体的光合作用。     

皖东丘陵青钱柳叶用林“矮化密植早丰”技术可行性研究

青钱柳种子发芽率低,天然更新能力弱,自然分布的森林中难以找到幼树幼苗。加上育苗困难,难以像普通树种进行人工造林,导致青钱柳资源匮乏,仅在南方部分省区零星分布,总量严重不足。野生资源已不能满足青钱柳健康茶产业发展需要,创新叶用林栽培模式刻不容缓。     

Effects of irrigation and planting geometry on cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)fiber quality and seed composition

Background:Cotton fiber quality and seed composition play vital roles in the economics of cotton production systems and the cottonseed meal industry.This research aimed to examine the effects of different irrigation levels and planting geometries on fiber quality and seed composition of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).We conducted a 2-year study in 2018 and 2019 in a warm,humid area in the Southeast United States on Dundee silt loam soil.There were three irrigation treatments in the study.The treatments included irrigating every furrow,or full irrigation(FI),every alternate furrow,or half irrigation(HI),and no irrigation,or rain-fed(RF).Planting geometries were on ridges spaced 102 cm apart and either a single-row(SR)or twin-rows(TR).Results:The results of high-volume instrument(HVI),advanced fiber information systems(AFIS)and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)showed that irrigation and planting treatments played a significant role in fiber quality and seed composition.Across irrigation treatments,significant differences were seen in fiber properties,including fineness,maturity ratio,micronaire,neps,short fiber,strength,uniformity,upper half mean length(UHML),upper quartile length by weight(UQLw),and yellowness(+b).Irrigation and planting geometry(PG)had a significant effect on micronaire,strength,and UHML while their interaction was significant only for micronaire.The micronaire was negatively affected by irrigation as FI-SR,FI-TR,HI-SR,and HI-TR recorded 11%~12%lower over the RF-SR and TR treatments.The PG played a minor role in determining fiber quality traits like micronaire and nep count.Irrigation treatments produced significantly lower(3%~4%)protein content than rain-fed,while oil content increased significantly(6%~10%).Conclusions:The study results indicate a potential for improving cotton fiber and seed qualities by managing irrigation and planting geometries in cotton production systems in the Mississippi(MS)Delta region.The HI-TR system appears promising for lint and seed quality.     

智慧农机调配管理平台设计与实现

针对目前农机作业过程中资源调度不合理、效率低下以及缺乏有效的农机调度与监管手段等问题,提出一种基于互联网的智慧农机管理平台。该平台分为数据采集层、网络传输层、平台层、访问层、用户层5个层次。围绕该平台,开发谷物收割机的机载数据采集单元,"我是地主"、"我是机手"手机APP,通过终端+APP的方式,将农机信息,服务供需双方信息进行实时动态匹配和对接,解决农机服务过程中供需之间的信息不对称问题。为解决大规模数据高并发的数据接收和存储问题,给出三层数据接收与存储架构,该结构同时具备良好的可扩展性。以机手为服务对象,提出在多目标约束下的基于回溯策略的农机智能调度算法,在作业季内可提高机手收益20.6%,实现了对农机资源的高效调配。设计改进型的三角形分割法,该方法提高农机作业面积计算精确性,使平均相对误差降至4.5%以下,减少农机服务过程中因测量作业面积产生的人力成本,能够满足服务费用快速计算的要求。将互联网技术融入农业机械的作业和管理环节,为实现农业机械作业全程信息化和智能化进行有益的尝试。     

保水剂用量对豫西旱地土壤养分和烤烟质量的影响

为了缓解豫西旱地烟田干旱缺水以及烤烟产质量不稳定等问题,在洛阳烟区设置保水剂不同施用量田间试验处理,T1(CK):当地常规栽培措施(不施保水剂),T2:保水剂15kg·hm~(-2),T3:保水剂30 kg·hm~(-2),T4:保水剂45 kg·hm~(-2),探究保水剂对豫西烟田土壤水分、养分、烤烟生长、化学质量以及经济性状的影响。结果表明:T4和T3较CK可以显著提高烤烟生育期各时期内的土壤含水率、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量和有机质含量;施用保水剂可以提高烤烟的总糖、还原糖、钾、类胡萝卜素类、棕色化产物和新植二烯的含量,降低烟碱、氯、芳香族氨基酸类和类西柏烷类的含量,提高烤烟的糖碱比和钾氯比,协调烟叶中性致香成分,提高烟叶质量;T4和T3的烤烟产量较CK显著增加12.79%和10.25%;T4、T3和T2的烤烟产值较CK显著增加15.07%、15.25%和4.51%。在保水剂施用量30kg·hm~(-2)的条件下,土壤速效养分较好,烤后烟的化学质量和经济效益最佳。     

内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区雁形目鸟类时空分布特征

文章以了解分析内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区雁形目鸟类种类及分布特征并更好地保护管理的目的,于2017年4月至2018年1月份春、夏、秋、冬四个季节,采用样线和样点统计法,对保护区图牧吉泡子和三道泡子两处湖泊湿地雁形目鸟类种类和数量进行调查统计。结果显示:共观察记录到雁形目鸟类22种,隶属于1科8属。图牧吉泡子和三道泡子分别观察到19种和14种。两处湖泊湿地之间距离虽然较近,但雁形目鸟类种类有较大的区别,其中图牧吉泡子不仅种类多,而且珍稀濒危物种的分布也较集中。保护区雁形目鸟类时空分布特征与两处湖泊湿地各自食物资源、隐蔽条件和人为干扰程度有关外也与鸟类本身的迁徙规律和种间竞争有着密切关系。     

纳米氢氧化镁对大白菜产量、Cd含量及土壤Cd形态的影响

我国土壤Cd污染日趋严重。本研究探讨了纳米氢氧化镁对大白菜生长、Cd含量及形态、土壤Cd含量及形态的影响,以期为氢氧化镁在土壤Cd污染修复中的应用和蔬菜安全生产提供理论基础。采用大田试验研究了不同施加量(0、150、300、450 g.亩-1)的普通氢氧化镁和纳米氢氧化镁对大白菜的生长、Cd含量及形态、土壤的pH、土壤Cd含量及形态的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施加氢氧化镁后大白菜产量增加了4.1%~22.3%。施用氢氧化镁后大白菜叶片、叶柄和根Cd含量分别降低了5.3%~19.2%、9.0%~28.1%和3.5%~19.3%,土壤Cd含量降低了8.2%~41.5%。相同施用量下,纳米氢氧化镁处理的大白菜叶片、叶柄和根Cd含量明显低于普通氢氧化镁。施用氢氧化镁使大白菜地上部蛋白质结合态(NaCl-F)Cd含量下降,残渣态(R-F)Cd含量增加,土壤pH值降低,土壤中铁锰氧化物结合态(FeMn-Cd)、有机结合态(OM-Cd)和残渣态(RES-Cd)Cd含量降低。总体而言,NMg1处理大白菜产量最高,叶片Cd含量最低,为本研究最佳处理。     

玉溪市农业生产区农药市售品种的调查与分析 ——以通海县、华宁县为例

针对玉溪市尚无农药市场产品结构调查研究的报道,于2016年10月至2017年3月,以通海县、华宁县为调查地点,使用入户调查的方法,由调查员亲自到门店,查询、填写调查表,经过统计,计算出各个产品、各个市场的农药种类的发生频率、产品线宽度、平均深度、多样性指数。结果表明,农药市场品种的产品线的宽度、平均深度取决于当地农业产业的聚集度;农药市场品种的多样性、均匀度取决于当地农业产业的聚集度;各类别农药的产品线的宽度、平均深度取决于当地主要农作物病虫草害的发生程度。     

哈密“密作”古枣园提质增效技术要点

正"密作"古枣是哈密区域独特的气候、地理条件下所形成的红枣优良品种,也是新疆独有的本地特色红枣公用区域品牌。我们总结了"密作"古枣园科学管理提质增效技术要点。1整形修剪简化树形,按枣树生长发育规律,一般利用短截、回缩、疏枝、拉枝、落头、抹芽、摘心等方法。丰产树形有多主枝疏层形、开心形。为解决     

Enhanced Lead Uptake by an Association of Plant and Earthworm Bioaugmented with Bacteria

Lead (Pb) is recorded as the second most hazardous pollutant of the environment. Previous cases of Pb bioremediation has been reported using single biosystem, but very few reports are available in biological approaches using multi-biosystems to achieve an enhanced bioremoval of Pb. The present study evaluated the capacity of a unique association of Pennisetum purpureum, a hyperaccumulator plant, and Lumbricus terrestris (earthworm) bioaugmented with a Pb-resistant bacterium, obtained from an industrially contaminated site and identified as isolate VITMVCJ1 Klebsiella variicola, to bioremediate Pb. The Pb-resistant gene was amplified in the bacterial isolate VITMVCJ1. The study was conducted for 60 d. Results verified that the bioaugmentation process enhanced 1) root and shoot length of the plants, 2) chlorophyll content of the plants, and 3) biofilm-producing ability of the microbes from the rhizosphere region of the plants. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be lower in the plants in the bioaugmented setup. The study also observed a reduction in the toxic effects of Pb on earthworm and plant. The earthworm was used to assess the Pb-induced stress syndrome after exposure to sublethal concentrations of Pb in the soil. A reduction in the content of malondialdehyde, a potential biomarker, on exposure to Pb demonstrated the role of the inoculum to alleviate heavy metal-induced stress in earthworms. All three symbionts accumulated Pb; Pb was accumulated mainly in the root of the plant, and poorly in the shoot of the plant and body mass of the earthworm. The bioaugmentation system exhibited stable and excellent uptake of Pb from the contaminated soils. The results of the present study suggest the positive effect of the synergistic association of the plant and earthworm with appropriate microbes for the bioremoval of Pb.