便携式木材绞盘机新型卷筒离合器设计

在利用便携式木材绞盘机进行木材生产试验过程中,发现卷筒离合器在分离与接合过程中易出现卡阻现象,从而影响集材生产效率。在对牙嵌式离合器结构进行受力分析和卡阻原因分析的基础上,基于Solid Works的建模分析设计方法,设计了一种新型多孔旋转圆柱式卷筒离合器,该方法有效缩短了新型卷筒离合器的设计周期。新型卷筒离合器采用圆柱销与圆孔的嵌合,代替牙嵌式离合器牙嵌轴与牙嵌套的嵌合,同等试验条件下,旋转柱销式卷筒离合器平均分离时间分别比柱销式卷筒离合器节省3.71 s、比牙嵌式卷筒离合器节省8 s,改善了便携式木材绞盘机卡阻后离合器分离困难的现象,节约了离合器分离时间,从而有效提高了便携式木材绞盘机在集材作业中的生产效率。     

Detecting endotoxin activity in bovine serum using an automated testing system

The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of the commercially available portable test system (PTS^TM) to detect endotoxin activity in bovine serum, with that of the traditional LAL-kinetic turbidimetric (KT) and chromogenic (KC) assays. Prior to testing, serum samples, which were obtained from endotoxin-challenged cattle, were diluted 1:20 in endotoxin-free water and heated to 80°C for 10 min. The performance of the PTS^TM was not significantly different from that of the traditional LAL-based assays. The results using PTS^TM correlated with those using KT (r²=0.963, P<0.001) or KC assays (r²=0.982, P<0.001). Based on these findings, the PTS^TM could be applied as a simplified system to assess endotoxin activity in bovine serum.     

Water content measurement in black spruce and aspen sapwood with benchtop and portable magnetic resonance devices

Abstract

In this study, water content in black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) sapwood samples was investigated with time-domain magnetic resonance (MR). Time-domain MR measurements easily distinguish water in different environments in wood according to the spin-spin relaxation time and provide quantitative information on water content. The MR techniques employed can distinguish and quantify the individual signal components. Both black spruce and aspen have two signal components at moisture contents above the fiber saturation point. These two signal components correspond to motionally restricted water, often referred to as bound water, and unrestricted, or free water. Bound water content is constant above 40% moisture content. No signal from free water was detected at or below 20% moisture content in either species. We also demonstrate the use of a recently developed portable unilateral magnet that can be employed as a powerful tool in the study and measurement of water content in wood.     

轴流式风力灭火机的研究初探

阐述了国内外便携式风力灭火机的发展现状,同时从灭火性能方面对轴流风机与离心风机的优缺点进行了比较,探讨了研制轴流式风力灭火机存在的问题.     

小型U形渠道适宜量水设备浅析

在节水灌溉技术的推广应用中,灌区量水是一项基础的、关键性的技术.灌区量水设施灌区节水、实现水资源高效可持续利用具有重要意义。随着节水农业的发展和水价制度的改革，迫切需要研究并推广可对灌区末级渠系计量的量水设备。抛物线形移动式量水堰板和便携式量水槽是针对小型U形渠道测流而提出的量水设备，具有使用方便，结构简单等优点。通过对2种量水设备的比较，模拟分析了在不同渠道条件下的量水性能指标。结果表明：2种量水设备的量水精度均可满足灌区测流要求；抛物线形移动式量水堰板测流幅度大，渠道适应性好；在可以适用的缓坡渠道条件下，可优选便携式量水槽。     

The use of a new portable erosion measuring device for assessing the erodibility of the surface layers of flood embankments

When a river overtops its flood banks, water running down the landward side of the bank can rapidly erode the soil surface and scour the bank, sometimes leading to breaches and collapse. A covering of living vegetation, particularly grass, can reduce this risk of water erosion. As part of a project to assess the effectiveness of different management regimes on bank vegetation cover, direct measurements were required of the erodibility of the soil surface. A portable erosion measurement device (EMD) was developed by LAB Coastal with the support of the Environment Agency. This could direct water flowing at known velocities across areas of the flood banks, and it was used to test directly the erosion resistance of vegetated grass banks at three sites. The EMD gave a direct measure of the erodibility of a small sample of flood bank. While measurements of soil strength and assessments of vegetation cover were useful, they did not always correctly characterize the stability of the bank surface as measured directly by the EMD. The EMD and its use are described and the results obtained are discussed. The results indicate that flood banks need to be mown at least once a year to make them less vulnerable to erosion.     

基于无刷电机控制系统的便携式园林割草机设计

在深入研究我国割草机技术的基础上,设计了简单实用的园林便携式割草机。该割草机采用无刷电动机,与传统有刷电动机相比,其主要技术性能大幅提升。以无刷直流电动机专用驱动芯片IR2130为控制芯片,以功率器件MOSFET为开关器件,可实现对无刷直流电动机的控制。     

便携式山核桃高空拍打采摘机设计与试验

为了解决我国山核桃高空采摘困难、提高采摘效率、降低采摘成本,根据山核桃果实与树枝分离力试验结果,设计了便携式山核桃仿人工高空拍打采摘装置。阐述了采摘机关键部件设计过程,并对采打机构进行了数学建模与计算,应用ADAMS对采打机构进行仿真,确定了拍打机构的机构与工作参数,为采摘机设计提供了依据。山核桃采摘试验结果表明:果实采净率具有显著性影响(P=0.05),果实采净率随拍打频率的增大而增大,频率在13.33 Hz时达到最大值,采净率为90.3%;对枝芽损伤较小,但拍打频率越大,对枝芽损伤越明显,建议拍打频率采用10~13.33 Hz,此时平均采净率达到85.1%~90.3%,且对枝芽没有破坏性损伤。     

沟灌三角形长喉道田间量水槽水力特性试验及数值模拟

针对目前北方灌区田间沟灌缺乏有效量水设施的现状,提出了一种针对田间小流量情况的新型量水设备—便携式三角形长喉道量水槽,为进一步研究其水力特性,在沟灌简易长喉道量水槽原型试验的基础上,采用基于Flow-3D的计算流体力学方法对该量水槽的内部水流运动进行了模拟计算,对水流流态、水深、傅汝德数、纵向时均流速、紊动强度进行了分析。结果表明:试验水深值与模拟值的最大相对误差小于10%,二者水面线变化规律吻合,模拟结果精度较高;通过临界流理论推导与回归分析得到沟灌简易长喉道量水槽测流公式,其计算结果与实际流量的最大相对误差为4.34%;量水槽收缩段及喉道段纵向时均流速沿程不断增大,流速最大值的位置存在于水面以下,越靠近收缩段、喉道段出口,最大纵向流速位置越低,断面流速分布越不均匀;紊动强度总体呈现沿程增加的趋势,各断面的紊动强度最大值相对位置在0.13到0.30倍水深之间,沿程逐渐上升。