Exogenous application of humic acid and salicylic acid to alleviate seedling drought stress in two corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids

Efficacy of 1?mM humic (HA) and salicylic (SC) acids on SC 260 and SC 705 corn seedlings to alleviate drought stress via polyethylene glycol was studied via hydroponics at Shiraz University, Iran in a factorial, randomized design, with four replicates each. Under stress, SC 260 had higher electrolyte leakage compared to SC 705, and exogenous application of HA combined with SA decreased SC 705 electrolyte leakage. As a general trend, photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, root and shoot length, mean number and diameter of central and peripheral root metaxylem, and K⁺ accumulation were higher in SC 705 treated with HA and SA compared to SC 260. Application of HA with SA could be an effective and low cost approach to ensure seedling establishment and plant growth in fields affected by soil drought in the early season, especially for the SC 705 corn hybrid in semi-arid regions.     

不同花色牡丹品种花瓣色素含量及成分分析

以分属白、粉、红3个色系的6个牡丹品种花瓣为试材,采用薄层层析色谱法(TLC)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV)和高效液相色谱仪-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)研究不同花色牡丹品种花瓣中的色素含量,并进行了定性分析。结果表明:粉色和红色系牡丹中检测出2种花青苷,分别是矢车菊素-3,5-二葡糖苷和芍药花素-3,5-二葡糖苷,白色系牡丹中未检测到花青苷类物质,其中矢车菊素-3,5-二葡糖苷在粉色系牡丹中含量较高,而红色系中总黄酮和总花青苷的含量最高。     

不同烤烟品种烟叶质体色素降解产物在不同香型烟叶产区的差异

为明确不同烤烟品种质体色素含量在不同香型烟叶产区的差异,采用GC/MS法分别检测了种植在典型浓香型、中间香型、清香型烟叶产区K326、云烟87和湘烟3号第9-12叶位烟叶的质体色素降解产物。结果表明：检测到的绝大多数质体色素降解产物含量在不同品种间存在显著差异,且云烟87的叶黄素和β胡萝卜素类降解产物含量显著高于K326和湘烟3号；检测到的全部的质体色素降解产物在不同香型烟叶产区间存在显著差异,叶黄素、β胡萝卜素和无环类胡萝卜素降解产物总含量和质体色素降解产物中的巨豆三烯酮A、巨豆三烯酮B、巨豆三烯酮C、巨豆三烯酮D、β-紫罗兰酮、脱氢二氢-β-紫罗兰酮6种致香成分含量在两个浓香型烟叶产区无显著差异,但一致地显著高于中间香型和清香型烟叶产区,且按浓香型、中间香型、清香型烟叶产区的顺序依次递减。烟叶质体色素降解产物含量在不同品种、不同香型烟叶产区间差异的存在,揭示了不同生态产区烟叶香型特色形成的物质基础,对彰显不同烟叶香型烟草品种的选育具有重要指导意义。     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

3种植物生长调节剂对坛紫菜自由丝状体生长与光合色素含量的影响

采用单因素分析法,比较研究了添加3种外源植物生长调节剂(吲哚乙酸IAA、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸2,4-D、激动素KT)对野生型坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)自由丝状体生长及光合色素含量的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,低浓度的IAA(0.5~4.0 mg·L~(-1))和KT(0.5~2.0 mg·L~(-1))对藻体的特定生长率有显著影响,以2.0 mg·L~(-1)IAA和1.0 mg·L~(-1)KT对藻体的促生长效应最大,培养25 d时藻体鲜重增加最大,分别是对照组的1.90倍和1.52倍(P0.05)。高浓度的IAA(6.0~10.0 mg·L~(-1))和KT(4.0~10.0 mg·L~(-1))却会抑制藻体生长(P0.05)。培养25 d时,与对照组相比,2.0 mg·L~(-1)IAA和1.0 mg·L~(-1)KT均有利于叶绿素a(Chl a)和类胡萝卜素(Car)的合成,Chl a含量分别增加了23.7%和23.8%;Car含量分别增加了31.0%和28.6%(P0.05)。然而,高浓度的IAA和KT(6.0、10.0 mg·L~(-1))不利于Chl a的合成,其处理浓度越高,Chl a含量下降越多。与对照组相比,较低浓度的IAA(1.0~2.0 mg·L~(-1))明显促进藻红蛋白(PE)和藻蓝蛋白(PC)合成,其中2.0 mg·L~(-1)IAA处理组PE、PC含量最高,分别增加了59.1%和45.7%(P0.05)。较低浓度的KT(0.5~2.0 mg·L~(-1))均有利于PE、PC合成,其中0.5 mg·L~(-1)KT处理组的PE、PC含量增加最多,分别提高了48.4%和50.5%(P0.05)。高浓度的IAA(6.0、10.0 mg·L~(-1))和KT(10.0 mg·L~(-1))则明显降低了PE、PC合成(P0.05)。2,4-D对藻体的特定生长率和光合色素合成无显著影响(P0.05)。     

室内三种富营养模拟条件下水流调控对羊栖菜和石莼生长及生物质合成的影响

大型海藻养殖是一种低成本、高效、环保的水体富营养化生物修复方法,而水流则是影响大型海藻生长的一个重要因素。研究结果表明,水流交换率为200 vol·d^-1时,羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)比生长率最高达(4.34±0.11) %·d^-1,而水流交换率为100 vol·d^-1、中高浓度营养盐条件下石莼(Ulva pertusa)比生长率最大值分别可达(6.31±1.42) %·d^-1、(8.00±0.79) %·d^-1,营养盐浓度决定了两种大型海藻的生长率,石莼更适宜在高营养盐环境中生长。石莼体内叶绿素a、可溶性蛋白和可溶性碳水化合物在不同应用情境间均存在明显差异,而羊栖菜体内仅可溶性蛋白表现出明显变化。水流交换的增强明显改变了石莼的生长和羊栖菜可溶性碳水化合物含量。陆基中试实验表明,与低水流速度相比,中、高流速条件下羊栖菜的比生长率分别增加80%、14%,石莼则分别增加41.3%、33.3%。     

风箱果叶色变化及呈色机理研究

为研究风箱果叶片不同生长发育过程中叶色变化及呈色机理的问题,以风箱果、‘金叶’风箱果、‘紫叶’风箱果为材料,对其叶片从幼嫩到成熟转变过程5个生长阶段的叶部特征和叶色变化进行比较研究,并采用徒手切片法观察叶片中色素空间分布。结果表明,随着3种风箱果的生长,叶片面积均呈逐渐增大的趋势,‘紫叶’风箱果叶面积最大;3种风箱果叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素/类胡萝卜素均呈现逐渐升高的趋势,风箱果不同生长阶段叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量均显著高于‘紫叶’风箱果和‘金叶’风箱果;3种风箱果叶片色素均主要分布于栅栏组织内,在海绵组织和表皮细胞分布较少。上述结果明确了风箱果叶片在生长发育过程中的叶部特征和叶色表现,为其科学合理应用提供了理论依据。     

Kernel vitreousness and protein content: Relationship,interaction and synergistic effects on durum wheat quality

Four sets of durum samples were used in this study to further understand the interrelationships among hard vitreous kernels (HVK), protein content, and pigment concentration, with a focus on the interaction and synergistic effects of protein content and vitreousness on durum quality. HVK level increases with higher protein content in the range of 9.5–12.5%, but this relationship is less evident in durum samples with high protein content (12.5–14.5%). Both protein content and kernel vitreousness can significantly affect durum milling quality. White starchy kernels (WSK) in low protein durum have a very detrimental impact on milling and pasta processing quality, but high protein content can mitigate the adverse impact of WSK on durum quality. Although protein content plays a dominant role, higher HVK might contribute positively to pasta firmness. There was no significant difference in yellow pigment content between HVK and WSK. However, pigment loss from semolina to dough was higher for WSK than HVK. Despite the difference in protein content, HVK and WSK have little difference in gluten strength. The monomeric protein was preferentially accumulated in HVK. The glutenin proteins of HVK and WSK were similar in the ratios of 1Bx/1By and HMW/LMW-GS.     

不同市场销售中药紫草的质量调查研究

[目的]调查市场上不同批次中药紫草的质量情况。[方法]优选提取方法后同时采用冷浸法和温浸法,以95%乙醇作为溶剂,采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定13个不同批次的紫草中羟基萘醌总色素的含量。[结果]13批紫草中羟基萘醌总色素的含量差异较大,且只有3个批次紫草中羟基萘醌总色素的含量在冷浸法和温浸法2种方法提取时均大于0.8%,另有2个批次紫草中羟基萘醌总色素的含量只在温浸法时大于0.8%。[结论]目前市场上销售的中药紫草质量品质参差不齐,且有很大一部分紫草的质量并不过关。     

核桃细菌性疫病菌特性及其与核桃内生菌的竞争作用

为了明确本实验室前期分离得到的一株核桃细菌性疫病菌Xaj DW3F3的相关特性及其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。对该病原细菌进行了显微观察、生物膜形成测定，不同培养基上多糖和色素含量，以及18项生理生化指标测定。通过毛细管法和滴落法观察其趋化作用，并测试其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。结果表明，病原菌DW3F3为杆状、极生鞭毛、有运动性并能形成生物膜。其在YPGA、King’B 和NA培养基上生长较好，产生多糖和色素较多。病原菌有较强的耐盐性，致死温度达60℃，对纤维素和淀粉都有较强的分解能力，对NaCl和寄主叶片表现出一定的趋性。在其与核桃叶部内生菌的共培养中表现出一定竞争优势。该病菌菌DW3F3有树生黄单胞菌核桃致病变种（Xanthomonas arboricola pv.juglandis，Xaj）的基本特征及致病相关特性，这些特征可能与其致病性强及病害难以控制有关。