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1.
为研究气固两相流中固体颗粒间碰撞对冲蚀的影响,提出一种利用直接模拟蒙特卡罗(Direct Simulation Monte Carlo,DSMC)方法和计算流体力学(CFD)计算颗粒间碰撞的冲蚀预测方法。使用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法,将气相作为连续相,通过Navier-Stokes方程求解,颗粒平移运动由离散相模型(DPM)求解。颗粒平移运动由Eulerian-Lagrangian框架下的DPM求解,计算颗粒间碰撞运动时采用DSMC方法以少量采样颗粒代替真实颗粒,碰撞的发生条件通过修正的Nanbu方法判定。分析气固两相流中颗粒间碰撞对弯管冲蚀速率和颗粒分布的影响,结果表明:使用DSMC方法计算颗粒间碰撞,Oka模型的平均百分误差从39.2%降低至27.4%;计算颗粒间碰撞时弯管内拱侧的无颗粒区变小,最大冲蚀位置沿外拱轴线后移5°,同时V形冲蚀痕迹的两翼向外侧扩大。使用DSMC方法计算颗粒间碰撞可以明显降低模型误差,考虑颗粒间碰撞的Oka模型与实验结果偏差最小,是冲蚀预测的最佳模型。  相似文献   
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【目的】研究不同改良措施下沙质土壤质地变化,为沙化土壤改良提供科学依据。【方法】以新疆南疆典型沙化土壤为研究对象,设置5种不同改良措施(种植燕麦(A1)、种植油菜+燕麦(A2)、种植燕麦+油菜秸秆翻耕+生物菌肥(A3)、种植燕麦+农家肥(A4)、种植燕麦+农家肥+生物菌肥(A5)),采用田间试验,分析不同改良措施对沙化土壤颗粒组成分形的影响。【结果】不同改良措施下土壤分形维数D值介于2.35~2.49,与对照相比,随着土层的加深,土壤的细颗粒物质的分形维数值呈增加趋势;土壤颗粒分形维数D值与黏粒呈极显著正相关,与细粉粒呈显著正相关,与砂粒呈显著负相关。【结论】农家肥或绿肥与生物菌肥配合施用,可有效改善沙化土壤的理化性状。  相似文献   
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以生活垃圾衍生燃料(refuse derived fuel,RDF)为研究对象,通过挤压成型的RDF与非成型的RDF在600~1 100℃条件下灼烧,所产生的灰渣进行质量、粒径、化学成分等特性进行分析,探索RDF灰渣随温度变化的规律以及潜在的应用价值。研究结果表明,在1 000℃以下,RDF灰渣随着温度提高,灰分组分发生分解反应,主要是残余有机物、碳酸盐、硫酸盐的分解,灰渣粒径减小;当温度升至1 000℃以上,灰分组分发生化合反应,生成产物以复合硅酸盐为主,灰渣粒径增大甚至结块;灰渣在化学反应过程中,非金属元素C,Cl,S转化为气体化合物逸出主体,使灰渣质量减小;成型RDF灰渣晶体含量比非成型RDF高;成型RDF灰渣粒径比非成型RDF灰渣大。  相似文献   
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[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the cotton image segmentation accuracy in a picking robot image processing system. [Method] An image segmentation algorithm based on a fusion method of Markov random field and quantum particle swarm optimization clustering was proposed. The process of the proposed algorithm is as follows: first, transform the RGB (red, green, blue) images into grayscale; second, use it to segment these images; finally, the threshold of the connected area is set on the basis of the segmented image to obtain the target area. Then, the cotton front image and the cotton side image are selected from the images collected from different angles. The segmentation experiment was carried out by using this algorithm, and compared with the Otsu algorithm, the fuzzy C-means algorithm, the quantum particle swarm image segmentation algorithm and the Markov random field image segmentation algorithm. [Result] The results showed that the segmentation accuracy and peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm were 98.94% and 77.48 dB. When compared with the Otsu algorithm, fuzzy C-means algorithm, quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm and Markov random field algorithm, the average segmentation accuracy and peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm increased by 2.47%–4.56%, and 9.81–13.11 dB, respectively. [Conclusion] The proposed algorithm had higher segmentation accuracy and higher peak signal to noise ratio than the other algorithms tested.  相似文献   
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We evaluated the suitability of fish waste diet (FWD) for culturing the minute rotifer Proales similis through the observation of their population growth and particle size selective feeding. A total of five treatments either with Nannochloropsis oculata or FWD (0.75 and 0.50 g/L) or the combination of N. oculata and FWD were set up in triplicates. P. similis were cultured in diluted natural seawater (8 g/L salinity) and 26 ± 1°C with the diet treatments being applied randomly. We daily monitored the rotifer density, the number of bacteria and the water quality in all the cultures. The population density of P. similis increased exponentially in all treatments, while the mean growth in FWD 0.75 g/L was significantly higher (p < .05) than that in the control. Addition of N. oculata to FWD resulted to lowered P. similis population growth. Bacterial colony count was high in FWD and introduction of P. similis to the diet decreased their density. The estimated bacteria ingestion rates were generally in the range of 6.03 × 102–1.24 × 104 bacteria/rotifer/hr and there was a positive linear relationship between bacterivory and rotifer population growth. We also observed a shift in the particle size distribution with a reduction in the frequency and concentration of small‐sized particles (<2.5 μm) at day 6. These results accentuate the potential of fish‐processing waste as diet for culturing P. similis which feeds on bacteria and small particles (≤2.5 μm) that are by‐products of degradation of this diet.  相似文献   
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Intensive vegetable production in greenhouses has rapidly expanded in China since the 1990s and increased to 1.3 million ha of farmland by 2016, which is the highest in the world. We conducted an 11‐year greenhouse vegetable production experiment from 2002 to 2013 to observe soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics under three management systems, i.e., conventional (CON), integrated (ING), and intensive organic (ORG) farming. Soil samples (0–20 and 20–40 cm depth) were collected in 2002 and 2013 and separated into four particle‐size fractions, i.e., coarse sand (> 250 µm), fine sand (250–53 µm), silt (53–2 µm), and clay (< 2 µm). The SOC contents and δ13C values of the whole soil and the four particle‐size fractions were analyzed. After 11 years of vegetable farming, ORG and ING significantly increased SOC stocks (0–20 cm) by 4008 ± 36.6 and 2880 ± 365 kg C ha?1 y?1, respectively, 8.1‐ and 5.8‐times that of CON (494 ± 42.6 kg C ha?1 y?1). The SOC stock increase in ORG at 20–40 cm depth was 245 ± 66.4 kg C ha?1 y?1, significantly higher than in ING (66 ± 13.4 kg C ha?1 y?1) and CON (109 ± 44.8 kg C ha?1 y?1). Analyses of 13C revealed a significant increase in newly produced SOC in both soil layers in ORG. However, the carbon conversion efficiency (CE: increased organic carbon in soil divided by organic carbon input) was lower in ORG (14.4%–21.7%) than in ING (18.2%–27.4%). Among the four particle‐sizes in the 0–20 cm layer, the silt fraction exhibited the largest proportion of increase in SOC content (57.8% and 55.4% of the SOC increase in ORG and ING, respectively). A similar trend was detected in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Over all, intensive organic (ORG) vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated (ING) management.  相似文献   
10.
麻山药种植田沙壤土流动性离散元模型颗粒放尺效应   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为简化麻山药-沙壤土复合体离散元模型,提高离散单元法在农业领域中的计算效率,以沙壤土为研究对象,在EDEM离散元软件中构建非球形颗粒,进行双目标参数标定试验,采用放大颗粒粒径方法,利用转鼓、坍塌与FT4流变仿真试验,从颗粒群动态堆积角、流动质量、流动速率以及能量等方面探究了颗粒放尺效应对颗粒群物理特性的影响。试验结果表明:干燥处理后的2 mm粒径沙壤土基质静态堆积角和动态堆积角平均值分别为32.16°和35.02°;与独立标定试验相比,双目标标定试验获得的仿真参数更具准确性与唯一性;在动态堆积角试验中,真实沙壤土颗粒在转鼓中所形成的动态堆积角随粒径和旋转速度的增大而减小,而在仿真试验中,转鼓转速相同情况下,非球形颗粒群在增大粒径的情况下所产生的动态休止角差异较小;坍塌试验中,不同粒径颗粒群在流动过程中的流动质量与平均流速变化趋势基本一致,但误差随粒径增大而增大;颗粒质量相同时,将粒径分别放大2倍及4倍,颗粒数量同比减少87.24%、98.92%,仿真时间明显缩短,计算效率显著提高;FT4流变试验表明,当放尺因子S为2时,阻力FV及其力矩T随时间变化的拟合曲线值约为原尺时的2倍,而当放尺因子S为4时,与原尺相比,拟合曲线斜率差异显著,相关性明显降低。研究结果可为构建沙壤土离散元放尺模型提供理论依据,同时也可为农业工程离散元放尺仿真计算提供一定参考。  相似文献   
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