阴山北麓不同林分类型土壤持水性能研究

为分析阴山北麓内蒙古武川县林地持水量和固持水土的能力，以当地柠条、油松、沙棘、油松×柠条混交林、沙棘×柠条混交林5种典型人工林林分类型为研究对象，测定了土壤物理性质、土壤水分入渗以及水分贮存特征值等指标。结果表明：不同林分类型的土壤物理特征存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。容重表现为沙棘最大（1.452 g·cm-3），油松最小（1.042 g·cm-3）；非毛管孔隙度的排序为油松＞油松×柠条混交林＞沙棘×柠条混交林＞沙棘＞柠条。各林分达到稳渗的速率与非毛管孔隙度的排序相一致，各样地的稳渗速率在0.47~1.32 mm·min-1之间，土壤入渗回归方程拟合效果较好。只有油松纯林和油松×柠条混交林更接近考斯加柯夫公式中的系数1/2。混交林地比纯林地对水分的贮存能力高，而油松×柠条乔灌木混交林比沙棘×柠条灌木混交林的最大持水量高112.8 t·hm-2。在阴山北麓地带更适合种植油松×柠条类的乔灌木混交林，乔灌木混交林能更加有效地提高林地持水功能。     

Effect of multi-enzymes in combination with a direct-fed microbial on performance and welfare parameters in broilers under commercial production settings

The objective of this study was to determine the response of broilers to the combination of multi-enzymes and direct-fed microbial (DFM) under commercial production settings. A total of 7,000 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were distributed over 10 pens (700 broilers/pen). Two dietary treatments were tested using complete randomized design, including a control diet and a test diet with addition of multi-enzymes (xylanase, amylase, and protease (XAP)] and DFM (a combination of spores from 3 strains ofBacillus amyloliquefaciens). Pelleted diets were offered ad libitum in 3 phases and water was freely available. During starter and grower phases (0 to 21 d), the enzyme and DFM combination resulted in improved FE (P < 0.05). During the finisher phase, higher feed intake and BW gain (P < 0.05) were observed for the test group. Overall, there were significantly higher feed intake, BW gain, and lower water-to-feed ratio in test group compared to the control group. This was related to improved (P < 0.05) modified production efficiency factor which was calculated based on final BW, survival rate, feeding period, and mortality-weight-corrected FCR. The test group had improved litter quality and a reduced foot-pad lesion score compared to the control. In addition, there was a tendency (P < 0.1) of reducingClostridium perfringens population in cecal digesta and higher lactic acid content in the ileal digesta, when expressed on an as-is basis, in the test group. In this study, we demonstrated that using a multi-enzymes and DFM combination in the diet for broilers can result in improved FE in starter/grower phases and animal welfare parameters, and lead to improved production efficiency under commercial settings.     

仙游县猪口蹄疫免疫效果检测与分析

通过对仙游县2014年秋季猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体检测,了解和掌握仙游县猪口蹄疫免疫效果,以更好地指导今后动物疫病防控工作。     

宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄耗水规律及灌溉制度优化研究

以宁夏贺兰山东麓大田滴灌酿酒葡萄为研究对象,分析不同灌水处理条件下土壤含水率、耗水规律、品质、产量及水分生产效率的变化,基于多因素提出优化酿酒葡萄滴灌灌溉制度。主要结论有:不同生育期土壤含水率随土层深度呈下降趋势,生育期内果实膨大期土壤含水率最高。阶段耗水量呈现开花期、初果期小,萌芽期、果实膨大期、着色成熟期大的"下开口抛物线"分布,果实膨大期为耗水高峰期,日均耗水量2.26~4.48 mm/d。3 600 m3/hm~2时滴灌酿酒葡萄的可溶性固形物、总酸等含量较优,品质较好,产量、水分生产效率最高。(4)推荐优化酿酒葡萄滴灌灌溉制度为:灌溉定额3 600 m3/hm~2,灌水次数13次,其中萌芽期3次,开花期1次,初果期2次,果实膨大期4次,着色成熟期3次。     

Histologic Evaluation of Palmar Digital Nerves after Perineural Injection of 2% Ammonium Chloride in Miniature Horses

Neurolytic compounds are widely used by equine practitioners for the management of lameness, mostly related to the foot. The present study aimed to evaluate the neurotoxicity of 2% ammonium chloride (2% AC) applied adjacent to the palmar digital nerves in six miniature horses. The 2% AC and 0.9% saline solution were randomly injected into three and one palmar digital nerve of each horse, respectively. Nerve samples were collected by neurectomy performed under general anesthesia at 5, 12, 19, 35, 47, and 62 days after treatment, with one horse per day of surgery. The inflammatory reaction to perineural injection was evaluated by an increase of pastern superficial skin temperature through thermography 24 hours after treatments. Histological lesions were classified as absent, mild, moderate, and severe Wallerian degeneration. An increase of 2.43 ± 0.79°C and 1.69 ± 0.55°C was observed in the 2% AC and control groups, respectively (P > .05). Moreover, histologic lesions were observed after perineural injection of 2% AC (severe, n = 5/18; moderate, n = 4/18; mild, n = 5/18; and absent, n = 4/18) and saline solution (moderate, n = 3/6; mild, n = 1/6; and absent, n = 2/6) (P = .46). The 2% AC demonstrated to be as safe as 0.9% saline solution, producing mild to severe Wallerian degeneration for up to 62 days after injection with no interference in further neurectomy.     

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Epidermoid Cyst in a Foot of a Horse

An 18-year-old Quarter Horse mare was evaluated because of moderate left forelimb lameness of 4 weeks’ duration. The clinical evaluation and diagnostic perineural analgesia localized the lameness to the distal portion of the left forelimb. There was swelling on the dorsal and lateral aspect of the coronary band. Radiography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography of the foot revealed circumscribed well-capsulated soft tissue mass causing a focal deformation of the dorsolateral border of the middle phalanx. The treatment aimed to remove the mass surgically and stabilized the interphalangeal joint, but the owner elected human euthanasia before treatment attempt. Histopathology diagnosis was an epidermoid cyst, which was characterized by multilayers of keratin surrounded by stratified squamous epithelium. Although rare, an epidermoid cyst should be considered as a differential diagnosis for space-occupying mass in horses’ foot that develops chronic lameness after trauma. This report describes the multimodality appearance of the epidermoid cyst.     

Ostrich meat: Production,quality parameters,and nutritional comparison to other types of meats

The poultry industry is considered one of the most efficient industries in producing animal protein. Poultry production consists of several main segments: broilers, commercial eggs, turkeys, ducks, and other poultry, including geese, guinea-fowl, pheasants, quail, and ratites. Currently, ostrich meat is marketed as a healthy red meat because it is characterized by high polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, low saturated fatty acid content, and low cholesterol level compared with red meats, such as beef, while tasting similar to lean beef. Ostrich meat contains lower sodium and higher iron contents than other kinds of meat, making it preferable to hypertensive people and those with anemia. Taken together, ostrich meat is considered as an ideal red meat for individuals seeking healthier lifestyle. Moreover, many different ostrich products, such as leather and feathers, are used by people. The current review paper considers the quality characteristics of ostrich meat, including physical traits, and compares it to other types of meats, such as bovine and other poultry meats.