马铃薯种植栽培管理技术要点研究

在粮食作物中，马铃薯属于关键，诸多国家都是马铃薯产国，我国马铃薯种植栽培面积也十 分广泛，所以，需要针对于马铃薯特征全面普及其种植与栽培技术，以此来保障马铃薯总产量。     

Late blight resistance in a diploid full-sib potato family

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most destructive disease of potato worldwide. As this pathogen can rapidly overcome major race‐specific resistance genes, identifying the basis for enhanced quantitative resistance has become a crucial element for implementing advanced breeding strategies. A population of 230 full‐sib progeny derived from a cross between two diploid hybrid Solanum phureja × S. stenotomum clones was evaluated for foliage resistance against late blight in replicated trials at multiple locations in Pennsylvania between 1999 and 2002. In field experiments, plants were evaluated visually for per cent defoliation, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined. The two parents and three control cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Kennebec’ and ‘Katahdin’) were included in all trials. In all three experiments, the presence of a significant number of clones exhibiting transgressive segregation were observed. There were significant differences among environments as well as among clones, and the clone × environment interaction was also significant. Stability analysis revealed that 37 clones made a significant contribution to the overall environment × clone interaction. Broad‐sense heritability for resistance, measured as AUDPC, was estimated as 0.67. The overall results indicate the presence in this potato family of a high level of field resistance against late blight. This segregating diploid family appears to be a good candidate for quantitative trait loci mapping to identify and characterize the genetic components of partial late blight resistance.     

南方高海拔山地无毒马铃薯制种技术探析

介绍了南方高海拔山地无毒马铃薯制种技术,主要包择、基地选择、精细整地、注意墒情和冻害、精选种薯、合理施肥、适时播种、化学除草、适时放苗、病虫害防治、收获贮藏等。     

基于高速摄像技术的马铃薯在分离筛上运动特性研究

为了研究马铃薯挖掘机在收获过程中马铃薯在分离筛上的运动特性、改善马铃薯挖掘机工作性能、提高薯土分离效果及降低马铃薯的损伤,采用室内试验和室外试验研究的方法,对马铃薯在分离筛上的运动规律进行研究。利用红外高速摄像技术,采集室内和田间马铃薯在分离筛上的运动情况的数据。利用高速摄像分析软件(TEMA)对采集到的摄像数据进行处理,绘制出马铃薯的分离筛上的加速度时间历程曲线,总结出马铃薯在筛面上的运动规律。最终得出马铃薯在分离筛上的运动特性,为马铃薯收获机的分离筛参数的优化提供参考。     

Nutritional evaluation of different cultivars of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) from China by grey relational analysis (GRA) and its application in potato steamed bread making

Chemical composition(moisture,protein,starch,ash,fiber,fat),vitamins(vitamin C,vitamin B1,vitamin B2),total polyphenol content,antioxidant capacity,minerals,and amino acid of 14 potato cultivars in China were evaluated.The results indicated that all parameters varied significantly among different potato cultivars.The total starch,crude protein and fat content ranged between 57.42–67.83%,10.88–14.10% and 0.10–0.73% dry weight(DW),respectively.Moreover,the consumption of potato increased remarkably the dietary intake of vitamins,K,Mn and Cu.In addition,the chemical score of amino acid varied considerably between different cultivars,which ranged from 54(Neida 3 and Neida 41) to 71(Neida 34).Grey relational analysis(GRA) indicated that Neida 26 exhibited the most comprehensive nutritional values among potato cultivars,followed by Neida 42.Different potato flours had a significant effect on the quality parameters of potato steamed bread(PSB),Neida 26 and Neida 34 were more suitable for making PSB.     

马铃薯贮藏特性及条件

我国的马铃薯资源丰富,但贮藏技术普遍落后,每年因贮藏不当造成的损失巨大。阐述马铃薯的生理及贮藏特性,分析影响马铃薯贮藏的内在和外在因素,介绍现有的马铃薯贮藏方法,为马铃薯贮藏研究提供参考与借鉴。     

脱毒马铃薯种薯育芽繁殖研究

脱毒马铃薯种薯育芽繁殖研究结果表明,育芽移栽繁育马铃薯种薯可节约用种量62%,延缓马铃薯种薯退化,提高马铃薯种薯质量。     

马铃薯芽眼图像的分割与定位方法

为了探索种薯自动化切种过程,填补关于马铃薯芽眼识别的研究空白,提出一种基于机器视觉技术的芽眼识别方法:从摄像头采集到马铃薯图像后进行计算机图像处理,从彩色空间中利用欧式距离直接分割芽眼区域,在灰度空间中对图像进行中值滤波后利用模糊技术对图像进行增强,之后利用动态阈值分割法分割芽眼区域,结合两个空间的分割结果后利用数学形态学处理方法标记出芽眼。结果显示:在彩色空间中,芽眼识别准确率为62%;在灰度空间中,识别率达到89%。将二者有机结合后,获得了96%的识别准确率。该方法识别成功率高,鲁棒性强,且芽眼区域标记完整,可为种薯切种自动化奠定基础。     

脱毒马铃薯技术要领

本文通过对脱毒马铃薯种植技术中存在问题的探讨,提出脱毒马铃薯种植技术的技术要领,同时对马铃薯种植技术中关健的技术问题提出新的见解,对指导脱毒马铃薯的生产栽培技术具有很高的参考价值。     

黔东南州烤烟套作红薯最佳扦插期研究

[目的]改良烟地土壤,解决烤烟连作障碍,提高土地的利用率和产出率,增加农民收入。[方法]通过开展烤烟-红薯套作试验,研究不同套作时间对烤烟产量、质量的影响。[结果]烤烟移栽后25 d扦插红薯单位面积产出率最高,纯收益为118 316元/hm~2。[结论]烤烟移栽后25 d扦插红薯,更适合烟苕套作,可获得较高的收益,实行烟苕套作不仅能增加复种指数,而且还能有效促进烤烟与其他作物的均衡发展。