基于动态多特征变量的黄羽肉鸡跛行状态定量评价方法

肉鸡步态是肉鸡健康状态的重要表征,为实现黄羽肉鸡跛行步态的无损自动化快速分类识别,提出了一种基于多特征变量的肉鸡跛行定量评价方法。该方法从步态视频中提取肉鸡的速度、步幅、步幅差、步频、投影面积参数,拟合得出速度、步幅与投影面积具有相关性(决定系数分别为0.805 1、0.793 5),据此定义肉鸡动态理想参数与异常指数,基于C4.5决策树模型,以速度异常指数、步幅异常指数、步幅差异常指数为分类特征,根据鸟类步态评分标准将肉鸡分为GS0~GS4五类,实现对肉鸡跛行状态进行预警和判别。实验结果表明:该模型针对GS0~GS4分类准确率依次为:66%、71%、74%、98%、95%,整体准确率为78%。该模型可作为早期跛行的检测工具,为养殖自动化的实现和动物福利产业的升级提供支持。     

Understanding farmers’ potato production practices and use of improved varieties in Chencha,Ethiopia

This study was carried out to better understand non-adoption of improved varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and associated technologies by smallholder farmers in Chencha, Ethiopia. Data were collected through a survey (n = 47) and in-depth interviews (n = 20). It shows how wealth status was a factor of major importance. Most wealthy and some medium-wealthy farmers adopted improved potato varieties and many of the improved production practices; they had access to seed, associated knowledge and support, and sufficient resources that were necessary to apply the improved practices. Non-adoption was common among many medium-wealthy and most poor farmers: they lacked—next to access to the technologies and knowledge—cash, land, and labor. Results indicated the need to rethink research and intervention efforts. Next to paying attention to differences in the access to technology and the related knowledge, there is a need to consider the variation in technology needs, supporting microcredit services, and room to experiment. As a result, different combinations of improved production practices may be adopted.     

Markers for Predicting Overweight or Obesity of Broodmares

Obesity has become of great concern to all equine community from both veterinary and welfare points of view. For estimating obesity markers of brood mares, 17 mares with body conditions were subjected to blood sampling and ultrasound examination to measure rump fat for 6 consecutive weeks. Body length (L), girth (G), and height (H) were measured to estimate body weight (BW), body fat %, body fat mass (BFM) and body mass index (BMI). Mares were classified into three groups according to body condition score (BCS) and rump fat thickness (RF). Overweight mares (O) had BCS >7 and RF >7 mm, moderate (M) had BCS and RF >3 to ≤7, and emaciated (E) had BCS and RF ≤ 3 mm. Glucose, triglycerides, nitric oxide (NO), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), leptin, ovarian hormones, and thyroid hormones were measured. Results revealed that BCS, G, L, L × G × H, BW, RF, fat %, and BFM correlated significantly (P < .0001) with body condition. Tetraiodothyronine concentrations of E mares were significantly high (P = .04), but triiodothyronine concentrations tended (P = .07) to be low. Insulin (P = .06) and IGF-1 (P = .07) concentrations tended to be high in O mares. Moderate mares had the highest leptin concentrations (P = .007), but E mares had the lowest P4 concentrations (P = .01). Overweight mares had nonsignificantly high glucose, NO, and triglycerides. In conclusion, back fat and morphometric measurements are the easiest and simple assessment of overweight and obesity. Obese and overweight mares showed slight hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia. Hyperleptinemia alone is not indicative of obesity.     

大蒜素治疗细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎的临床研究

目的 评估大蒜素治疗细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎危重患者的临床疗效。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法，选取2011年01月-2014年12月收入重症监护病房且符合呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断标准的92例患者（均为细菌感染所致），按照随机数字表法将其分为治疗组42例及对照组50例。对照组在常规治疗基础上加用抗生素治疗，治疗组在对照组基础上加用大蒜素治疗，疗程14 d。分析两组患者的病原菌分布情况，比较两组患者机械通气时间、抗生素治疗时间、住ICU时间及14 d病死率；并观察记录大蒜素使用过程中安全性及不良反应发生率。结果 细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎患者的常见病原菌为鲍曼不动杆菌（35.2%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（17.1%）、铜绿假单胞菌（13.3%）、肺炎链球菌（13.3%）及肺炎克雷伯菌（8.6%）。治疗组机械通气时间略短于对照组（P>0.05），抗生素使用时间及住ICU时间显著短于对照组（P<0.01）。两组患者治疗后14 d病死率无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎患者在常规抗感染治疗基础上加用大蒜素治疗，能显著缩短抗生素使用时间，且有缩短患者机械通气时间及住ICU时间，临床不良反应发生率低，可以安全使用。     

温针灸联合局部封闭治疗桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎的临床研究

目的 观察温针灸联合局部封闭治疗桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎的临床疗效。方法 选取68例桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎患者随机分成观察组和对照组（每组各34例），对照组给予单纯局部封闭治疗，观察组在对照组基础上给予温针灸治疗，观察两组患者治疗前后视觉模拟评分法（visual analog scale，VAS）、主要症状及体征评分，比较治疗后两组患者临床疗效。结果 治疗后，两组患者VAS评分和主症及体征评分总分均较本组治疗前有所降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01），且观察组评分均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组总有效率高于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 温针灸联合局部封闭治疗桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎效果显著，且优于单纯局部封闭治疗，值得临床进一步研究推广。     

加速康复外科护理对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后恢复及认知功能的影响

目的 观察加速康复外科护理对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后恢复及认知功能的影响。方法 选取本院接受股骨颈骨折手术的老年患者60例，随机分为加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery，ERAS）组和对照组，每组30例。ERAS组采用加速康复外科护理措施，对照组采用传统围手术期护理措施，比较两组住院时间、术后疼痛评分、术后并发症发生情况以及术前1天和术后第7天的简明精神状态量表评分。结果 与对照组比较，ERAS组术后住院时间缩短，术后疼痛评分降低，切口感染、肺部感染、恶心呕吐等并发症发生率降低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）；ERAS组术后髋关节功能Harris得分评级优于对照组（P=0.021）；ERAS组POCD发生率低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P=0.046）。结论 加速康复外科护理可安全应用于老年患者股骨颈骨折术围手术期管理，可以促进术后恢复、缩短住院天数、减少并发症的发生，降低POCD发生率，值得临床推广。     

脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗的效果观察

目的 观察脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗的效果。方法 随机选取本院2016年1月至2017年10月收治的脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹患者200例，随机数字表法分为3组，66例予以自血疗法治疗者为A组，66例予以梅花针治疗者为B组，68例予以梅花针联合自血疗法治疗者为C组，对比分析3组治疗前后荨麻疹活动评分、免疫功能与复发情况。结果 治疗后，C组荨麻疹活动度评分较A组、B组低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗后，C组辅助性T细胞（CD4⁺）、细胞毒性T细胞（CD8⁺）及CD4⁺/CD8⁺值优于A组、B组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；C组复发率较A组、B组低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗可有效降低荨麻疹活动度评分，改善免疫功能，并且减少复发率，值得推广。     

混料设计法优化萝卜糕配方的研究

萝卜糕是闽南地区一种传统小吃，其质地柔软，味道鲜美，营养丰富，是一种适宜大众的美食。本文以黏米粉、玉米粉、马铃薯粉为粉料，采用混料设计试验方法优化萝卜糕的原料配比，研究了不同种类及不同配比的淀粉形成的面团的质构特性，比较不同配比的原料对萝卜糕感官品质的影响，确定各原料的最佳添加量。通过质构分析和感官评分法对萝卜糕的配方进行比较。结果表明：当黏米粉、玉米粉和马铃薯粉的混合比例为0.65∶0.10∶0.25时，面团TPA质构特性为硬度较低，黏着性、弹性和内聚性均达到最高值，分别为1 220.834 Pa·s、0.97和0.534，且黏米粉、玉米粉和马铃薯粉比例为0.598、0.176、0.226时，制备的萝卜糕风味最佳，感官品质得分最高。     

Associations between postpartum diseases and milk yield and changes in body condition between drying off and parturition of dairy cows in Argentina

ABSTRACT

Aims: To assess the change in body condition score (BCS) during the early and late dry periods and its association with postpartum diseases and milk yield in grazing dairy cows from central Argentina.

Methods: BCS assessments during the dry period, and cow health and milk production records up to 90 days in milk (DIM), were collated for cows from 28 farms at monthly visits between 2007 and 2008. Cows were categorised into four groups; those in Group 1 (n=7,067) maintained or gained BCS during the early and late dry periods; Group 2 (n=2,615) maintained or gained BCS during the early dry period and lost BCS during the late dry period; Group 3 (n=1,989) lost BCS during the early dry period and maintained or gained BCS during the late dry period; and Group 4 (n=5,144) lost BCS during the early and late dry periods.

Results: Cows in Group 1 had reduced odds of having retained fetal membranes (RFM), metritis, and clinical mastitis up to 90 DIM than cows in Group 2 (p<0.001), but the odds of disease were similar to cows in Group 3. The odds of having RFM or clinical mastitis tended to be lower in cows in Group 1 than cows in Group 4 (p=0.08). The odds of cows being culled or dying during the first 90 DIM were lower for cows in Group 1 than for those in Groups 2, 3, and 4 (p≤0.05). Mean accumulated milk yield up to 90 DIM was higher in cows in Group 1 than Group 2 and Group 4 (p<0.001), but was similar to that of cows in Group 3 (p=0.28).

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Cows that lost BCS during the late dry period had increased odds of being diagnosed with several postpartum diseases and had decreased milk yield compared to cows that maintained or gained BCS during the entire dry period. Loss of BCS during any stage of the dry period was also associated with increased incidence of culling or death during the first 90 DIM. These results should raise awareness among dairy cattle producers of the importance of properly managing cow body condition during the dry period, especially during the late dry period.