叶轮与导叶叶片数匹配对井用潜水泵性能的影响

叶轮与导叶叶片数对泵的扬程、效率等都具有较大的影响。选取250QJ140型井用潜水泵作为研究对象,采用数值计算与试验相结合的方法,在叶轮与导叶叶片数组合变化下,对井用潜水泵的性能变化规律和内部流场分布进行了研究。基于不改变其他几何参数的原则,建立16组不同叶片数组合的两级井用潜水泵模型。采用ANSYS ICEM软件对各组模型分别进行了结构化网格划分,进而在ANSYS CFX商用软件中对各组模型进行了多工况定常数值计算。各组数值计算均选用标准k-ω湍流模型和标准壁面函数,获得了各组模型在不同工况下的性能预测值。通过各组方案性能预测值的对比可以发现:在额定流量工况下,当叶轮与导叶叶片数均为7时,井用潜水泵模型的效率最高。在小流量工况和大流量工况下,泵内的介质流动角度发生了变化。在小流量工况下,增加叶轮与导叶的叶片数可以提高叶片对于液体介质的整流,进而提高井用潜水泵性能;在大流量工况下,较少的叶轮与导叶叶片数更能减轻叶片对液体介质的排挤作用。将大流量工况下性能较好的方案6进行了样机制造和性能试验,结果表明,模型性能较好,在额定流量工况下,扬程预测值比试验结果低2.4%,轴功率预测值比试验结果低1.6%,效率预测值比试验结果高1.1%,数值预测结果与试验结果随流量的整体变化趋势一致,证实了本文中数值计算的准确性。     

开放式奶牛舍扰流风机扩散器性能参数优化

为了提高奶牛舍夏季扰流风机的降温效果,在不改变扰流风机外形尺寸以及叶片形状的条件下,通过数值模拟以及现场实验的方法,优化扰流风机扩散器性能参数来提高风机性能。选取扩散器的开合角为90°、120°、150°和180°,以及扩散器的长度为150、250、350、450、550、650 mm,利用CFD数值模拟建立了24种扩散器扰流风机的几何模型,以扰流风机性能、距扰流风机轴心0.5~1.0 m处的流场速度分布以及气流不均匀系数为评价指标,优化了扰流风机扩散器开合角和长度。结果表明,150°/250 mm扩散器使得扰流风机的风量提高了3.80%,能效比增加11%,轴心速度较大,且气流均匀性较好。     

一种新型鼓泡曝气装置的研究

一种由增强ＰＶＣ材料制成的微孔曝气软管，外径２５ｍｍ，其管壁上有不通的锥孔，锥顶接近外表面，大端孔径０．０５ｍｍ，每米管长有２万个孔。在充气压力下，锥孔打开，并产生０．２５～１ｍｍ的气泡，额定过流能力为１ｍ^３／（ｈ·ｍ），试验表明该管有较高的增氧能力和增氧动力效率（４～６ｋｇ／ｋＷ·ｈ），可广泛用于污水处理和水产养殖     

大容量风力发电机组的设计

为了浓缩风能,把载有风力机翼的转动箱置入固定翼箱中(参照图1)。本文对扩散管(dif-fuser)作了特殊研究,以高效率的扩散管为设计基础,以内蒙古作为设计对象。由于风被浓缩后利用,地面风速为8m/s 时,风力机处的风速为12.6m/s,此时风力机的输出功率可以达到5180KW。当纵方向5台重叠时,总输出可以达到25MW。因为能达到大功率输出,所以每台风力机可以根据风速大小,用大小两台发电机发电,机组年运转率比其它类型风力发电机组高。     

An upper limit for elevated root zone dissolved oxygen concentration for tomato

It is well understood that insufficient oxygen within plant root zones can greatly diminish plant productivity. However, little is known about the effect of elevated root zone oxygen concentrations. Tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum Mill., cv. Trust) seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions containing dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration ranging from 5.3 to 40 mg L⁻¹ for 4 weeks. There were no visible symptoms observed on the leaves or stems in any of the treatments. Leaf chlorophyll content was higher in the 40 mg L⁻¹ treatment than with 20 and 30 mg L⁻¹ DO treatments. Two weeks from the start of the experiment, roots in the 40 mg L⁻¹ treatment exhibited stunted growth, became thicker, and had fewer side and fine roots compared to roots in the lower levels of DO treatment. Almost all the measured growth parameters (fresh and dry weights of root, stem, and leaf, leaf area, stem diameter) were significantly reduced in plants grown in the 40 mg L⁻¹ treatment compared to plants in the lower level of DO treatments, except that the plant height increased with the increasing DO concentration. Root respiration increased linearly with increasing DO concentration; however, there was no effect on leaf net CO₂ exchange rate. It is suggested that it was safe to enrich root zone DO to as high as 30 mg L⁻¹, although the growth benefit was minor by increasing DO from ambient air saturated level (∼8.5 mg L⁻¹) to 30 mg L⁻¹. Higher than 30 mg L⁻¹ could cause reduction in tomato plant growth.     

Analysis of flow characteristics in thermal-bubble actuated diffuser-nozzle valveless micropump

Based on the different flow resistance characteristic of diffuser/nozzle at the bubble growth and condensation stage, the flow characteristics of thermal-bubble actuated valveless micropump under different ratio of heating, driving frequency and diverging angle and different heating power are numerically investigated. Evaporation and condensation processes are accomplished by Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model and User Defined Functions (UDF) interface. The results reveal that with the same ratio of heating time, the volume flow rate increases at first and then decreases with the increasing driving frequency. The micropump has a maximum flow rate of 5.87 μL/min when the driving pulse is 250 Hz at 10% heating ratio. The volume flow rate increases at first then decreases with the enlarging diverging angle when keeping the aspect ratio constant, and it will reach the maximum when the diverging angle is 14°, and it has a higher pressure difference between the diffuser and the nozzle. The average velocity at the diffuser neck is always greater than the nozzle during the entire driving period, the pumping flow rate presents a trend of increasing at first and then flatting with the increasing heating power.     

浓缩风能装置扩散管流场模拟验证及其凸缘结构优化设计

浓缩风能装置的扩散管结构直接影响浓缩风能型风电机组的输出功率.为提高浓缩风能装置的浓缩效率,以浓缩风能装置为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法,研究扩散管凸缘的几何参数对浓缩风能装置内部流场特性的影响规律;并通过试验验证数值模拟的可靠性.结果表明:扩散管凸缘结构能够明显提高浓缩风能装置对自然风的加速作用和风能利用率;且装置内部流场的流速和风轮扫掠面积上的可利用风能随着凸缘高度L的增加而增大.综合分析可得,带有L为450 mm、凸缘角度α为+9°的扩散管凸缘的浓缩风能装置模型流场流速和可利用风能较高;与原始模型相比,其内部流场最大流速提高了30.738％,可利用风能提高了84.26％,是所研究模型中流场性能较佳的浓缩风能装置结构.     

向心径向导叶内部流场的多工况PIV测量

为了掌握导叶内部的真实流动形态,完善导叶水力设计方法,设计了一个独特的PIV试验台,对向心径向导叶内部流场进行了PIV试验测量.试验泵段取自多级深井离心泵的一级,通过2个高强度水润滑轴承支撑起整个泵轴,借助45°安放的镜面对流场图像进行折射.通过相平均方法获得了不同工况下导叶中截面的速度场分布.结果表明：在设计流量附近,导叶内部流动较为稳定规整;在大流量下,由于导叶进口过流面积有限,液体流动受阻,产生了较大的冲击损失;在小流量下,流道内产生了流动分离和旋涡,旋涡的强度随着流量的减小而逐渐加强,而且涡核的位置也由靠近导叶叶片吸力面逐渐向导叶流道中部移动;导叶进口处产生较大的水力损失,导叶进口安放角对泵性能影响较大;为改善小流量工况下的流场,导叶流道中部的过流面积需要进一步调整.     

不同前导叶时序位置下离心泵内压力脉动特性研究

【目的】寻找前置导叶的最佳时序位置,提高离心泵的综合性能。【方法】以某低比转速单级离心泵为研究对象,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型,对设计工况下前置导叶相对径向导叶在4种不同时序(前置导叶相对周向旋转0°、15°、30°、45°)位置下离心泵内部流动进行了三维黏性非定常数值模拟。【结果】随着前置导叶时序位置的增大,时均扬程和时均效率均呈周期性波动,当时均扬程处于波峰时,时均效率处于波谷,当时均效率处于波峰时,时均扬程处于波谷,最大时均扬程比最小时均扬程高1%,最大时均效率比最小时均效率高1.43%;随着前置导叶时序位置的改变,离心泵的必需汽蚀余量先增大后减小,最大必需汽蚀余量比最小必需汽蚀余量高6%,前置导叶相对周向旋转45°时,必需汽蚀余量最小,空化性能最好;叶轮和径向导叶压力脉动的主频和幅值直接受时序效应的影响。【结论】前置导叶的时序位置对离心泵的外特性、空化特性、振动特性等都有影响,综合比较分析4种时序位置下离心泵的性能差异,以前置导叶相对周向旋转45°时离心泵的水力性能最好。     

低比转数混流泵导叶内部压力脉动特性研究

对一比转数为148.8的设计混流泵进行试验和数值模拟研究,比较不同流量工况下混流泵性能的试验与数值计算结果,两者吻合较好。在流场内部设置监测点,捕捉压力脉动由动静干涉无叶区向导叶出口的发展过程。分析不同工况下的混流泵各测点的压力脉动,发现导叶内部各测点压力脉动主要受叶轮转动影响,主频为叶频;由动静干涉的无叶区到导叶出口,平均压力逐渐增大,而压力脉动的幅值强度越来越弱;非设计工况下的压力脉动变化更复杂。上述结果可为混流泵进一步的优化设计提供参考。