Distribution of boron in wood treated with aqueous and methanolic boric acid solutions

The distributions of boron in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood blocks treated with aqueous or methanolic boric acid [B(OH)₃] solutions were explored through Raman spectroscopy and prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA). B(OH)₃ was the sole boron species observed in Raman spectra of the wood blocks treated with either solution. Plots of weight gain of the treated wood blocks versus boron concentration in treatment solutions were found to be linear. The results indicated that the methanolic solution makes it possible to impregnate wood with much larger amounts of boron than the aqueous solution. PGA confirmed that B(OH)₃ was highly enriched near the end grains of the treated wood blocks. Raman measurements suggested that boron content in the bulk of the wood block is not as large as expected from the weight gain of the treated wood blocks when an ordinary air-drying method is used. It was concluded that the aqueous solution impregnates the cell walls of wood with boron more easily than the methanolic solution. Part of this report was presented at the 55th (Kyoto, March 2005) and 56th (Akita, August 2006) Annual Meetings of the Japan Wood Research Society. This article follows the previous rapid communication “Analysis of boron in wood treated with boric acid solutions using Doppler broadening method of prompt gamma-rays.” J Wood Sci (2006) 52:279–281     

豇豆收获前后种子劣变的抗性研究

不同豇豆种质在种子形成过程中对不良自然环境的适应能力和贮藏抗性不同,严重制约着豇豆优质种子生产和推广。了解豇豆品种的田间抗劣变能力,对指导新品种选育、种子生产和品种推广具有十分重要的意义。本研究采用甲醇胁迫法和温箱蚀化法对5份豇豆种质进行收获前和收获后种子劣变的鉴定。综合各项指标的检测结果发现:‘丰豇十号’种质适应性差,气候对其生长影响较大,不适宜大面积推广。‘大润发’和‘丰豇青优’综合表现最佳,对气候的适应较强,适合大面积推广。     

Characterization of biodiesel and bio-oil from Sterculia striata (chicha) oil

This work describes the mechanical and solvent extraction of Sterculia striata seed oil. It was determined that the seeds contain up to 41% in oil, which has an unusual composition. Indeed, up to 50% of the fatty acid contain cyclopropenoid ring. The oil was used as raw material to produce bio-oil and biodiesel and their physical-chemical properties were evaluated. Some of the studied physical-chemical properties of the S. striata biodiesel are in acceptable range for use as biodiesel in diesel engines, showing a promising economic exploitation of this raw material in semi-arid regions. It was also observed that the cyclopropenoid ring remains after transesterification and is decomposed during pyrolysis.     

甲醇缸内直喷发动机均质燃烧特性研

在一台四缸柴油机改造的火花点火甲醇缸内直喷发动机上,高负荷时,在进气冲程将燃油喷入缸内,形成近化学计量比的混合气来实现均质燃烧.通过对典型工况的气缸压力的测量和分析,探讨了不同参数对甲醇发动机燃烧特性的影响.结果表明:甲醇缸内直喷发动机最大功率和最大扭矩比原机分别提高5.88%和20.90%,发动机最高热效率可达35.3%,远高于普通汽油机水平.甲醇缸内直喷发动机的滞燃期和急燃期随负荷的增加而变小.全负荷时,甲醇发动机的燃烧放热始点随转速的增大而推迟,滞燃期和急燃期随转速的增大而增加.发动机循环变动随工况的变化规律与滞燃期一致.     

橙皮苷的提取工艺研究

[目的]研究以95％甲醇和碱液做溶剂从橘皮中提取橙皮苷的工艺条件。[方法]通过对溶剂、甲醇浓度、温度、pH值、浸提次数进行试验确定提取橙皮苷的最佳工艺条件。[结果]以桔皮为原料，用碱液和甲醇做溶剂提取橙皮苷的最佳工艺条件为：粗苷：甲醇：碱液[W（NaOH）为30％]=11：30：8，在85℃以上浸泡4h，调节pH值为4。即先将甲醇和碱液搅拌混合，再将粗苷加入，继续搅拌1h使粗苷溶解完全，然后过滤至滤液澄清，用盐酸调滤液的pH值至4，静置沉淀，过滤，滤饼用煮沸过的水洗涤至无色，甲醇滤液精馏回收，橙皮苷的收率迭65％以上。[结论]此方法操作简便，易控制且提取橙皮苷的效率较高。     

中国南方春大豆收获前后种子劣变的抗性研究

 中国南方春大豆种子易劣变，已成为该地区发展粒用型和菜用型大豆生产的重大障碍。【目的】对中国南方春大豆种质种子劣变抗性的鉴定筛选可获得抗性种质，从而为劣变抗性机理研究、遗传育种改良和新品种选育奠定种质基础。【方法】本研究采用甲醇胁迫法和温箱蚀化法对92份中国南方春大豆地方品种和推广品种进行收获前和收获后种子劣变的鉴定。【结果】经筛选鉴定获得收获前种子劣变（田间劣变）相对较抗种质（发芽率≥80.00％、活力指数≥2.64和简易活力指数≥8.61）3个，收获后种子劣变较抗（耐贮藏）种质（发芽率≥80.00％、活力指数≥1.00和简易活力指数≥7.03）3个，双抗种质1个以及双不抗种质1个。【结论】中国南方春大豆种质收获前种子劣变抗性大于收获后种子劣变抗性，而且资源中收获前种子劣变抗性种质更为丰富；与种子活力和劣变性相关的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和简易活力指数等指标间皆呈极显著正相关；宜联合采用活力指数、简易活力指数和发芽率作为种质种子劣变评价鉴定指标。     

柴油/甲醇燃烧微粒热解化学反应参数研究

应用热重/差热同步分析仪,在氧气氛围下对柴油/甲醇(M0/5/15)燃烧微粒进行了热解过程试验,得到了微粒的失重曲线和燃烧速率曲线。根据试验数据分析了微粒的热解过程、着火温度和燃尽特性指数,并计算了微粒的热解动力学参数。结果表明,随着甲醇掺混比的增大,微粒中挥发组分的质量减少,第1温度区间的热解速率峰值减小,固定碳颗粒的质量增加,第2温度区间的热解速率峰值增大;微粒的反应活化能降低,热解性能增强;微粒的着火温度降低,燃烧特性指数和燃尽特性指数上升,微粒的燃烧效率提高。     

Effects of organic solvents on denitrification in soil

Summary Although organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol have been shown to act as energy sources for denitrifying microorganisms, no studies on the influence of organic solvents on denitrification in soil have been reported. Organic solvents have been used as an aid in the application of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals to soil, in studying the effects of these chemicals on denitrification in soil. During these applications, the soil is often aerated or heated to remove the solvent while leaving the chemical in the soil. The work reported here shows that treating soils with methanol, ethanol, or acetone had a very marked effect on their denitrifying ability, even when the soils were aerated thoroughly or heated at 50°C to remove these solvents. This indicates either that it is not possible to effect complete removal of organic solvents from soils by aeration or heating or that organic solvents promote denitrification by solubilizing a fraction of soil organic matter that is not available to denitrifying microorganisms before the addition of these solvents. Experiments using phenylmercuric acetate (a herbicide and nitrification inhibitor) showed that although this compound had a marked inhibitory effect on denitrification when added to soil in methanol, ethanol, or acetone, it had no inhibitory effect on denitrification when added to soil in water. The work reported shows that the use of an organic solvent in adding an agricultural chemical to soil can lead to erroneous conclusions in studies on the effects of the chemical on soil denitrification.     

海水胁迫下海带提取物对豇豆发育的影响

[目的]探讨海水胁迫下海带甲醇提取物对豇豆的生长效应。[方法]将海水稀释成7种浓度梯度液培养豇豆种子,用25%海水将海带甲醇提取物分别稀释50、200、800和1200倍后培养豇豆种子,10 d后测定幼苗的各项生长指标。[结果]豇豆成苗率随着海水浓度的增加而下降,25%海水的成苗率为22.22%,确定海水的临界浓度为25%。海带甲醇提取物200倍液对豇豆成苗率的提高最明显,比对照提高64.71%。该提取物50倍液对豇豆的生长效果优于其他浓度,其主根长、总鲜重、根鲜重、叶鲜重、叶绿素a与b含量和叶绿素总量分别比对照提高了23.08%、18.27%、31.89%、44.87%、1.29%、1.43%和1.79%。[结论]在25%海水胁迫下海带甲醇提取物对豇豆幼苗生长具有较明显的作用。     

酿酒酵母与甘氨酸发酵生成甲醇关系的研究

[目的]研究确定甘氨酸与酿酒酵母生成甲醇的数量关系。[方法]采用高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中甘氨酸含量和顶空气相色谱法测定酒中甲醇含量。[结果]发酵液中甘氨酸浓度在0～0.9 g/L范围内与酿酒酵母生成甲醇的量成线性关系,线性方程:Y=103.3X-4.5。[结论]确定了发酵液中甘氨酸与酿酒酵母生成甲醇的对应关系。