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1.
Abstract – Factors affecting long-term variation in brown trout, Salmo trutta L., stocking success were examined in a large lake, Lake Oulujärvi, in central Finland. Brown trout were stocked in spring (late May to early June) in 1974–1991 and in summer (late June to early July) in 1992–2001. The biomass of the vendace, Coregonus albula (L.), population (prey) at release time had the largest positive effect on stocking success within both periods: biomass of adult vendace in spring and both 0+ and adult vendace in summer. Increasing the size of stocked fish had a positive effect if the vendace available at release were only adults. The increasing trend of predator-catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) [combined CPUE of northern pike Esox lucius L., burbot Lota lota (L.), and pike-perch Stizostedion lucioperca (L.)] through the study period and its negative effect on trout stocking success suggested an increasing effect of predation within the entire time series. 相似文献
2.
The growth and development of plant pathogens and their hosts generally respond strongly to the temperature of their environment. However, most studies of plant pathology record pathogen/host measurements against physical time (e.g. hours or days) rather than thermal time (e.g. degree-days or degree-hours). This confounds the comparison of epidemiological measurements across experiments and limits the value of the scientific literature. 相似文献
3.
The effect of sowing date, stale seedbed, row width and mechanical weed control on weeds and yields of organic winter wheat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
I A Rasmussen 《Weed Research》2004,44(1):12-20
Three field experiments were carried out in organically grown winter wheat in Denmark. The treatments were sowing time (normal or late sowing) and false seedbed, row width (12 and 24 cm) and weed control method [untreated; mechanical weed control (weed harrowing at 12 cm supplemented with inter‐row hoeing at 24 cm); and herbicide weed control]. Weed biomass in midsummer was greatest on plots sown at the normal sowing time (compared with delayed sowing) and was reduced by mechanical or chemical weed control (compared with untreated plots). Row width alone had no influence on weed biomass, but in the experiment with high weed pressure, the more intensive mechanical weed control used at a row width of 24 cm reduced weed biomass. Normal sowing time tended to give higher yields, but this was only statistically significant in one of the three experiments. Wide rows gave a yield decrease in the experiment with low weed pressure. The effect of weed control on yield was dependent on the weed pressure. At low weed pressure, mechanical weed control caused a yield decrease compared with untreated or herbicide treated. At intermediate weed levels there were no differences, whereas at high weed pressure, mechanical weed control and herbicide treatment caused a yield increase compared with untreated. False seedbeds were shown to contribute to a decrease in the soil seed reserve. 相似文献
4.
马铃薯胞囊线虫是马铃薯上最重要的有害生物之一,也是我国特别关注的重要植物检疫性线虫.针对马铃薯白线虫ITS序列,我们设计了引物和TaqMan探针,使用15种马铃薯胞囊线虫群体和4种其它胞囊线虫样品进行验证,可高度灵敏地检测单个马铃薯白线虫的胞囊或幼虫,最高检测灵敏度达到10fs;同时开展了混合样品和未知样品的检测,证明了引物的专化性和TaqMan探针特异性.该检测方法可自动化检测马铃薯白线虫并进行定量,适合进行标准化的常规检测. 相似文献
5.
本试验在室内17~35℃的固定温度下对番石榴实蝇的生长发育、成虫羽化时间及存活率等生物学习性进行了初步研究。结果表明,在17~32℃,随着温度逐渐升高,番石榴实蝇卵、幼虫和蛹的历期逐渐缩短,但35℃时的历期比32℃时有所延长;在23~32℃,随着温度升高,成虫产卵前期逐渐缩短。卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫产卵前期的发育起点温度分别为12.18、7.13、11.75和12.85℃;有效积温分别为20.16、124.11、155.50和339.09日·度。成虫羽化时间从黎明持续至黄昏,在较低和较高的温度下,成虫大多集中在上午羽化,而在23~26℃下,成虫全天羽化时间比较均衡,在正午前后羽化更多。在20~32℃,从卵发育至成虫的总存活率均为70%以上,17℃时为56.15%,35℃时仅为28.56%。 相似文献
6.
不同灌水水平下少耕地膜覆盖对玉米农田土壤温度和水分利用效率的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以大田玉米为研究对象,在少耕地膜覆盖和不同灌水水平下,研究了一膜两年用地膜覆盖、秋免耕春覆膜和传统耕作覆膜对玉米农田土壤温度和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明:与传统耕作覆膜和秋免耕春覆膜两种新膜覆盖处理相比,一膜两年用处理在玉米播种到拔节期的增温效果显著低于新膜覆盖,农田0~25 cm土壤平均温度较传统覆膜处理低13.35%,而对玉米拔节期到成熟期的土壤温度无明显影响,且农田0~25 cm土层土壤积温差异也不显著,相同覆膜方式下不同灌水水平间有显著差异,随着灌水水平的降低土壤积温增加;一膜两年用地膜覆盖方式下玉米籽粒产量和WUE与两种新膜覆盖方式相当,中灌水水平下WUE最高,达到17.89kg·mm-1,且在低灌水水平下获得籽粒产量显著高于传统覆膜处理,一膜两年用覆盖、灌溉定额5 700 m3·hm-2较传统耕作覆膜、灌水定额5 700 m3hm-2处理的玉米产量高出16.39%。说明,一膜两年用地膜覆盖在玉米播种到拔节期的增温效应低于新膜覆盖,但并不影响籽粒产量的形成,且在存在水分胁迫的低灌水水平下一膜两年用覆盖模式可减缓干旱胁迫,提高作物籽粒产量,是适于西北绿洲灌区的具有较好经济效益和生态效益的覆膜农田管理新技术。 相似文献
7.
Grisel Ponciano Masayasu Yoshikawa Jamie L. Lee Pamela C. Ronald Maureen C. Whalen 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2006,69(4-6):131-139
Disease resistance mediated by the resistance gene Xa21 is developmentally controlled in rice. We examined the relationship between Pathogenesis Related (PR) defense gene expression and Xa21-mediated developmental disease resistance induced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). OsPR1a, OsPR1b, and OsPR1c genes were cloned and their induction was analyzed, in addition to the OsPR10a gene, at the juvenile and adult stages in response to a wildtype Xoo strain that induces a resistance response (incompatible interaction) and an isogenic mutant Xoo strain that does not (compatible interaction). We found that the adult stage leaves are more competent to express these OsPR1 genes and that the Xa21 locus is required for the highest levels of induction. 相似文献
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为实现纵向岭谷区农业水管理调控,宏观上以流域水资源综合规划为基础,从需求入手,采取强化节水措施,提高水的利用效率,抑制需水的不合理增长,到2030年农田有效灌溉程度达到32%,灌溉水利用系数提高到0.581,农业灌溉需水总量控制在89.8亿m3,需水年均增长率仅0.52%,以MKIE BASIN模型的配置结果显示,各规划水平年能达到水资源供需平衡;微观上应建立数字流域工程,提高对流域雨水工情的实时监测.推行农业高效节水灌溉制度,建立和完善包括实时灌溉预报、渠系动态配水、实时信息采集和预报修正、灌区空间信息管理等内容的流域单元农业灌溉用水及水资源的实时调度系统,利用水资源配置成果与短期实时调度相结合,实现流域单元的农业高效用水调控. 相似文献