Regulatory effect of astragaloside IV on SDF-1α/CXCR4 in EPCs

AIM: To investigate the effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and its mechanism. METHODS: Rat bone marrow-derived EPCs were cultured in vitro. The proliferation, adhesion, migration, apoptosis and tube formation capacity of EPCs treated with AS-IV and AMD3100, a specific blocker of CXCR4, were observed. The effects of AS-IV on the expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 at mRNA and protein levels and the protein level of p-CXCR4 in the EPCs were determined. RESULTS: AS-IV significantly enhanced the proliferation, adhesion, migration and tube formation abilities of EPCs, reduced the apoptosis of EPCs, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 and the p-CXCR4 protein level in the EPCs. On the other hand, AMD3100 blocked the up-regulating effect of AS-IV on the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR4 and the p-CXCR4 protein level in the EPCs, but did not affect the effect of AS-IV on the expression of SDF-1α. CONCLUSION: AS-IV might enhance the biological function of EPCs by regulating the expression of SDF-1α/CXCR in EPCs.     

CMS-D2恢复基因对陆地棉主要性状的影响

选用1对同质异核的哈克尼西棉细胞质雄性不育恢复基因近等基因系——保持系和恢复系为试验材料，分别在黄河流域棉区（河南安阳）和长江流域棉区（江西九江）2个生态点种植，对棉花苗期生长、全生育期主茎功能叶片光合生理指标、花药发育状况、产量及其构成因素以及纤维品质性状进行比较分析。结果表明：（1）恢复基因对棉花苗期生长、花药发育以及全生育期净光合速率无显著影响；（2）恢复基因对黄河流域棉区棉花产量性状具有显著的正效应，对长江流域棉花产量无显著影响；（3）恢复基因可以显著增加棉花纤维长度。本研究对棉花胞质不育恢复系的选育和改良具有一定的指导意义。     

不同氮效率油菜种质苗期氮吸收转运与利用差异研究

氮效率研究是油菜营养性状遗传改良的前提,为探究不同氮效率油菜种质苗期氮吸收、转运和利用的异同,以2个氮效率差异油菜种质H6（氮高效）和L18（氮低效）为供试材料,利用水培营养液设置正常氮（CK）和低氮（LN）2个氮浓度处理,培养14d后检测植株氮含量,计算氮累积量、氮转运系数和氮利用效率。结果显示,不同氮浓度处理对油菜苗期氮的吸收、转运和利用效率影响的差异达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）。与CK相比,LN处理的油菜生物量、氮含量和氮累积量均显著降低,而氮利用效率和根冠比显著提高;氮高效油菜种质H6的生物量、氮累积量、氮转运系数和氮生理利用效率均显著大于氮低效种质L18,分别为L18的2.07、1.42、3.23和1.56倍。从氮的吸收、转运和利用3个方面探讨了低氮胁迫处理下油菜种质苗期氮效率差异的原因,对深入开展油菜氮高效机理研究及油菜品种氮效率改良具有一定的指导意义。     

沙棘果实中主要活性成分质量分布

沙棘作为一种抗逆性、适应性、萌蘖性较强的植物资源，被广泛应用于黄土丘陵地区荒山绿化、土壤改良、水土保持和砒砂岩治理。沙棘不仅具有良好的生态价值，其果实中富含多种生物活性物质。本文凝练了沙棘果实中活性化合物的构成、分布及活性特征，并对沙棘果实活性物质的研究进行展望。基于相关文献，针对黄酮、花青素、酚酸、有机酸、肌醇、维生素、类胡萝卜素、不饱和脂肪酸、甾醇等广泛存在于沙棘果实中的化学成分进行总结分析，提供沙棘果实中上述活性物质分布情况的综合信息。研究表明，针对沙棘果实中活性物质的构成、分布和活性特征的研究较为丰富，但在部分领域仍缺乏研究，如栽培技术条件对活性物质的影响，活性物质与沙棘果实加工中异味的关联性等。本文为沙棘果实在食品、药品及保健品行业中的综合利用提供了理论支撑，为促进沙棘资源在经济中的全面发展提供参考。      

肇庆市红火蚁防控措施研究

广东于2004年发现了红火蚁,对生态和生产生活造成了严重影响,全省各地开始加强对红火蚁的防控.简述了肇庆市红火蚁防控概况及防控措施,总结了防控成效及存在的主要问题,提出了防控策略,以期为肇庆市红火蚁的防治提供科技支撑与保障.     

宁夏地区潜在蒸散发变化特征及成因分析

根据宁夏地区1962-2017年11个国家级气象站的逐日气象资料,采用Penman-Monteith公式计算宁夏地区潜在蒸散发(Potential evapotranspiration,ET₀)日值系列,采用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验、ArcGIS反距离权重空间插值、敏感性分析和贡献率等方法对宁夏地区ET₀时空变化特征及影响因素进行分析.结果表明:宁夏地区1962-2017年多年平均ET₀为1 073 mm,其中,中部干旱带最高(1 135 mm),引黄灌区次之(1 095 mm),南部山区最低(893 mm); 宁夏地区ET₀在1986年发生了突变,突变前以0.571 mm/a的幅度下降,突变后以0.109 mm/a的幅度递增,整个周期内,以0.523 mm/a 幅度递增,但变化幅度均不显著.ET₀对不同区域气象要素的敏感性不同,引黄灌区和中部干旱带对最高温度最敏感,敏感性系数分别为0.41和0.43,南部山区为相对湿度(-0.45); 不同气象要素对ET₀的贡献率不同,引黄灌区和南部山区主导因子是最低温度,中部干旱带是平均风速.突变前后,对引黄灌区、中部干旱带和南部山区ET₀贡献率最高的气象要素分别由平均风速、相对湿度和最低温度,变为相对湿度、平均风速和最低温度.     

芳香植物精油对竹子根际微生物种群的影响

竹林生态系统虽然比较稳定,但病原菌也较多,使用生物农药是竹林可持续发展的必然道路。许多芳香植物精油具有优良的抗菌活性,都有作为生物农药的潜力。但是竹林土壤微生物也可能受到精油抑菌性能的影响。本研究选取常见5种芳香植物精油香茅、肉桂、大蒜、生姜和茶树精油,对其化学成分进行鉴定并对毛竹实生盆栽苗的土壤进行处理,测定毛竹根际土壤微生物的细菌丰度和种群多样性。结果表明,5种精油会降低毛竹根际微生物的丰度和多样性,使变形菌门的细菌成为绝对优势菌群。对微生物的影响从大到小依次是香茅、生姜、茶树、肉桂和大蒜精油。     

浅谈陆地棉杂种二代利用

棉花杂种优势利用是提高棉花产量主要途径之一。研究表明，一些陆地棉F₂仍具有明显的产量杂种优势，种子成本低廉的F2具有潜在的应用前景。本文综述了陆地棉F₂杂种优势遗传基础、优势表现以及目前生产上出现的问题，并从育种层面提出了有针对性的解决对策。     

Semisynthetic ferulic acid derivative: an efficient feed additive for Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Ferulic acid (FA) derivative was synthesized by modifying the functional groups of FA as dietary additive in the feeding of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) juveniles. Structural confirmation of this compound was based on IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR techniques. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary FA derivative supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status and serum biochemical parameters of GIFT juveniles compared with that of FA. A total of 675 fish with an average initial weight of 10.73 ± 0.40 g were fed nine diets supplemented with 0, 0.26, 0.52, 1.04 and 2.08 mmol kg^?1 FA, or 0.26, 0.52, 1.04 and 2.08 mmol kg^?1 FA derivative. Each diet was assigned to three replicate groups of 25 experimental tilapia for 56 days. Weight gain (WG) in groups of fish fed FA derivative was much higher than that of fish fed FA diet (P < 0.05). The antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and GPx) in serum and liver of tilapia fed the FA derivative diets were significantly higher, while the malondialdehyde values were significantly lower than those of the fish fed the FA diets (P < 0.05). The serum biochemical parameters of GIFT were significantly improved by the FA derivative supplement. Moreover, feed conversion ratio, hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were significantly decreased in fish fed FA or FA derivative diet at 0.52 mmol kg^?1 feed (P < 0.05). The investigation on the semisynthetic FA derivative provides a new way for developing safe and efficient feed additives.     

Effects of the dietary protein to energy ratio on growth,feed utilization and body composition in Macrobrachium nipponense

Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) has been widely cultured in Asian countries. However, its nutritional studies are very limited. In the present 8‐week study, we investigated the effects of dietary protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio) on the growth, feed utilization and body composition in juvenile M. nipponense (initial weight 0.302 ±0.03 g). Two‐factor experiment was designed and nine semi‐purified diets were formulated to contain three lipid levels (20, 80 and 140 g kg^?1) and three protein levels (330, 380 and 430 g kg^?1), producing P/E ratios from 16.5 to 23.4 mg KJ^?1 protein. The results indicated that the growth, survival rate and protein efficiency were dose dependently improved by the increased dietary lipid, but not dietary protein content. Increased dietary lipid content and/or protein content increased lipid accumulation in whole body, hepatopancreas and muscle, but did not change the feed intake and hepatopancreas weight. In conclusion, our present study indicated that M. nipponense is a species with relatively high‐energy requirement. It could utilize dietary lipid content up to 140 g kg^?1, while the dietary protein with more than 330 g kg^?1 would not promote growth and protein efficiency. Taken together, 330 g kg^?1 dietary protein and 140 g kg^?1 dietary lipid level with P/E ratio 16.49 could be optimum for M. nipponense.