鸡脂肪组织TCF21基因启动子区DNA甲基化与其表达的关系

旨在研究鸡脂肪组织中TCF21基因启动子区DNA甲基化水平与其表达的关系。以东北农业大学高、低腹脂双向选择品系（简称高、低脂系）第24世代7周龄肉鸡为试验材料，利用RT-qPCR检测高、低脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织中TCF21基因的mRNA表达水平；利用生物信息学和双荧光素酶报告系统分析TCF21基因启动子的结构与功能；利用Sequenom MassARRAY飞行质谱检测高、低脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织中TCF21基因启动子区CpG位点的甲基化水平；利用CpG甲基转移酶处理TCF21启动子报告基因质粒，分析DNA甲基化对TCF21基因启动子活性的影响。结果显示，高脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织中TCF21基因的mRNA表达水平极显著高于低脂系（P<0.001）；TCF21基因的启动子区存在40个CpG位点，且在启动子的近端和远端均有分布，但不存在CpG岛；将TCF21基因的启动子划分为5个功能区域，分别为R1区域（-2 000~-1 500 bp）、R2区域（-1 500~-1 000 bp）、R3区域（-1 000~-500 bp）、R4区域（-500~-200 bp）和Core区域（-200~-100 bp）；高脂系R2、R3和R2+R3区域的DNA甲基化水平显著或极显著高于低脂系（P<0.05或P<0.001）；R2、R3、R2+R3区域的DNA甲基化水平与TCF21基因mRNA表达水平呈显著正相关（R2区域：r=0.438，P<0.05；R3区域：r=0.371，P<0.05；R2+R3区域：r=0.489，P<0.05）；R2区域的DNA甲基化显著抑制其转录活性（P<0.05）。综上所述，TCF21基因在高、低脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织中的表达水平主要与其启动子R2区域的DNA甲基化水平有关。     

构建天空地一体化的农村人居环境监测体系研究

【目的】农村人居环境整治是实现乡村振兴战略的重要任务，对整治工作取得的成果 进行有效监测和监督日益迫切，这事关农村人居环境整治工作的成效。【方法】文章通过文 献梳理，整理了我国农村人居环境整治工作所取得的进展，结合调查研究及工作中汇聚的 时空数据资源，提出构建天空地一体化的农村人居环境大数据监测平台的思路，将对农村 人居环境整治成果进行有效的监督和核查。【结果】该文提出了构建农村人居环境数据资源 库、农村人居环境监测系统、农村人居环境举报核查系统、农村人居环境整治评估系统的建 设思路，从而形成天空地一体化的农村人居环境大数据监测平台，将为做好农村人居环境监 测体系建设提供支撑。【结论】利用基于遥感、大数据、人工智能等现代信息技术手段，构 建天空地一体化的农村人居环境大数据监测平台，对农村人居环境整治成效进行有效监督和 核查，实现整治效果全过程的在线监管，充分发挥信息化助力农村人居环境整治工作的独特 作用。     

减氮施肥对菠菜生长发育及品质的影响

以菠菜为试材,采用随机区组方法,研究尿素不同施肥处理对菠菜生长发育的影响,以期达到菠菜生产合理施肥的目的 .结果 表明:适量的减氮施肥对菠菜植株生长发育及生理指标影响不显著,但过量的减施会显著影响菠菜的株高和产量.随着施氮量的减少,菠菜的维生素C和可溶性糖含量均显著增加.可溶性蛋白质含量有所下降,品种间菠菜硝酸盐含量下降及草酸含量下降,分别达到显著水平.综合比较,以"夏丽"品种在减氮20％处理下效果最佳.     

不同类型萝卜芽菜的生长及营养成分

为萝卜芽菜资源的开发利用提供理论依据,采用方差分析法研究白、青及红3种类型萝卜芽菜的生长和营养成分差异。结果表明:培养3d、6d和9d时均以青萝卜芽菜的生物量最高,分别为117.0mg/株、120.8mg/株、133.2mg/株,显著高于白、红萝卜芽菜;红萝卜芽菜花青素含量在幼苗生长3d、6d和9d时均最高,分别为0.053 1mg/g、0.047 5mg/g和0.094 5mg/g,显著高于白、青萝卜芽菜;3种萝卜芽菜的VC含量在幼苗生长3d时均最高,分别为白萝卜0.73mg/g、青萝卜0.51mg/g及红萝卜0.56mg/g,白萝卜芽菜VC含量显著高于青萝卜和红萝卜;随生长时间延长3种萝卜芽菜VC含量均呈下降趋势。综合考虑萝卜芽菜的产量和营养,幼苗生长6d时为最适采芽时间。     

无人机可见光遥感影像的农作物信息提取及验证

为实现无人机遥感农作物类别的快速识别提供参考,以贵定县马场河乡马长河村部分耕地遥感影像作为研究对象,采用无人机采集地面农作物遥感影像,分析农作物之间纹理和色彩特征差异,对农作物的类型及面积信息进行提取和检验,获取不同种类农作物的种植基本信息。结果表明:利用色彩纹理特征组合对大豆、水稻和玉米种植信息的提取结果误差分别为7. 01%、9. 71%和1. 75%,提取效果较好。可为农作物分类提取提供参考。     

出口动物及动物产品传带新型冠状病毒风险评估

在全球多地发生新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的背景下,已有部分国家(地区)对我国货物贸易进行管制。为维护我国正常出口贸易秩序,参考世界卫生组织、世界动物卫生组织等国际组织的疫病风险分析流程,对我国出口动物及动物产品传带新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的风险进行定性分析。分析认为:目前我国出口活动物感染或携带SARS-CoV-2的风险极低;按照正常程序生产和加工的出口动物源性产品携带、污染并传播SARS-CoV-2的风险极低;我国相关部门已采取了的严格的防控措施,最大程度降低了出口动物及动物源性产品的SARS-CoV-2污染风险。综上,我国出口动物及动物产品携带或传播SARS-CoV-2的风险极低。建议各国通过共同协作,加强COVID-19防控,以降低COVID-19对相互间出口贸易的影响。     

Effects of fish meal replaced by fermented soybean meal on growth performance,intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) and soybean meal (SM) on growth performance, intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The basal diet contained 350 g/kg FM (CON), and then, FM was replaced with SM and FSM at the ratios of 30% and 60% (SM‐30, SM‐60, FSM‐30 and FSM‐60), respectively. The largemouth bass (4.43 ± 0.13 g) were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain of fish fed with FSM‐60 and SM‐60 diets was significantly lower, and feed conversion ratio of SM‐30, SM‐60 and FSM‐60 groups was significantly higher than the CON group (p < .05). The intestinal villus height of SM‐60 group and the villus width of SM‐60 and FSM‐60 group were significantly lower than the CON group (p < .05). The 30% FM replacement by SM and FSM significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Mycoplasma, respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, FSM could replace 30% FM in diet without negative impacts on the growth performance of largemouth bass, while the SM should be controlled below 30%.     

Dietary fishmeal levels affect the volatile compounds in cooked muscle of farmed large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea

A comparative study on the volatile compounds in cooked muscle of wild and farmed large yellow croaker (LYC) was conducted. The two farmed LYC groups were fed with diets containing 44% (CF) and 25% (LF) of fish meal (FM) respectively. Results showed that 48 volatiles, including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, aromatics, acids, esters, furans and miscellaneous compound, were detected in cooked fillets. The LF group had significantly lower amounts of total aldehydes and ketones, higher content of miscellaneous compound in cooked fillets than that in the CF and wild groups (p < .05). Compared with the wild group, the LF group had significantly lower amounts of total alcohols, acids and esters, while the CF group had significantly lower amounts of total aldehydes, higher content of total ketones in cooked muscle (p < .05). According to the principal component analysis (PCA), some volatiles (propanal, nonanal, etc.) could be considered as sensitive indicators to classify cooked muscle samples. In conclusion, differences in the volatiles in the cooked muscle between the wild and farmed LYC have been found. Low level of dietary FM (25%) changed the volatile profiles in cooked fillets of farmed LYC. A PCA may be useful to screen potential volatiles to classify cooked muscle samples in this study.     

Effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with Ce (IV) on growth,immunity and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicas

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with cerium (Ce IV) (COS‐Ce) on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas. Five isonitrogenous (18.6%) and isolipidic (1.1%) practical diets were formulated with graded level of COS‐Ce (0, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg^?1 dry feed), which were named as COS‐Ce/0, COS‐Ce/150, COS‐Ce/300, COS‐Ce/600, COS‐Ce/1200 respectively. Each diet was allocated to four replicates of sea cucumbers (Initial weight: 6.72 ± 0.02 g). Sea cucumbers were fed to apparent satiation once daily (19:00 hours) for 56 days. During the experiment, water temperature was kept at 16 ± 0.5°C, pH 7.8–8.2, dissolved oxygen beyond 5 mg L^?1, ammonia nitrogen below 0.5 mg L^?1 and salinity from 30‰ to 31‰. Results showed that the specific growth rate of sea cucumbers was significantly higher in COS‐Ce/600 than that in other four treatments. Activities of phagocytosis, respiratory burst, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in COS‐Ce/600 were significantly higher than that in COS‐Ce/0 (P < 0.05) respectively. On the contrary, cumulative mortality was the lowest in COS‐Ce/600 following 14 days exposure to Vibrio splendidus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results confirmed that dietary COS‐Ce had beneficial effects on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber.