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1.
为保障山地城市区域生态安全和实现可持续发展,以重庆市都市区为研究区,采用2018年土地利用现状数据和遥感数据,构建了生态服务重要性与生态敏感性评价体系,通过粒度反推法测算最优条件的栅格粒度,从而综合确定生态源地;以坡度、起伏度、土地利用类型确定阻力值,采用电路理论构建生态廊道,最终形成了重庆市都市区生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)200粒度下连通性最优,此粒度下的生态源地面积为1616.98 km2,占研究区总面积的29.76%,在空间分布上呈现六纵分布态势。(2)生态源地之间存在生态廊道共计29条,关键廊道22条,总长度约为50.83 km,潜在廊道7条,总长度约为108.21 km。(3)生态源地与生态廊道构成了“一圈两带两中心”的生态安全格局。可见,必要的设置生态提升带,切实保护了区域内的生态空间。  相似文献   
2.
本试验利用新型绿色环保溶剂离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐,[BMIM]Br)为提取溶剂,采用超声波辅助提取普洱茶中茶多酚.在以[BMIM]Br浓度、提取时间、提取率及料液比为单因素的试验基础上,进行响应面法优化普洱茶茶多酚的提取工艺.确定最佳提取工艺为:[BMIM]Br浓度0.3 mol/L,料液比1:30,提取时间20 min,超声波功率590 W.在此条件下,普洱茶茶多酚的提取率为8.40%.离子液体与超声波协同作用有效提升了普洱茶茶多酚的提取率,为茶叶中茶多酚的提取工艺提供了新的参考.  相似文献   
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Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.  相似文献   
5.
本研究旨在探明鸡恒定链(invariant chain,Ii)与内吞体转运蛋白Rab5a和Rab7b结合的结构域和在细胞内共定位的特征。首先,用PCR和基因突变技术将Ii胞浆区与跨膜区[Ii(Cyt-Tra)]、Ii CLIP (class Ⅱ-associated invariant chain peptide)-三聚体区[Ii(CLIP-TRIM)]和Ii突变体[Ii(M81-87aa)、Ii(M91-99aa)和Ii(M81-99aa)]分别插入pET-32a和pEGFP-C1构建相应的原核和真核重组质粒。其次,将构建的含有绿色荧光蛋白的重组质粒与实验室保存的含有红色荧光Rab5a和Rab7b的重组质粒共转染至人胚胎肾细胞系293 T,观察它们的共定位。将构建的原核重组质粒进行表达和纯化,最后用拉下法和免疫印迹检测Ii与Rab5a和Rab7b的结合域。结果表明,成功构建Ii结构域及Ii突变体的重组质粒。Ii(Cyt-Tra)及Ii突变体均能与Rab5a和Rab7b在细胞内共定位,而Ii(CLIP-TRIM)与空载体却不能。Ii的胞浆区和跨膜区是与Rab5a和Rab7b结合的功能结构域,而不是CLIP与三聚体区。综上所述,鸡Ii与Rab5a和Rab7b共定位和结合的区域是其胞浆区和跨膜区,而不是内质网腔区。这些结果提示Rab分子参与了Ii在胞内细胞器的转运机制,为进一步研究Ii及其载体在细胞内的转运机制和功能提供了新的途径。  相似文献   
6.
【目的】筛选对南方根结线虫具有良好活性的生防菌株,为杀线虫制剂的研制与应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用平板稀释法对从抗线虫黄瓜根系附近采集的土壤样品进行芽孢杆菌分离,通过浸渍法筛选出杀线活性高且稳定的菌株,结合形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析对活性菌株进行分类鉴定,并通过离体、盆栽及田间试验对分离菌株防治南方根结线虫的效果进行验证。【结果】筛选出1株具有较高杀线虫活性的芽孢杆菌C1,经鉴定菌株C1为长形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus macroides)。杀线活性测定结果表明,菌株C1发酵上清液对南方根结线虫卵孵化的相对抑制率为74.50%、对雌虫孵化的相对抑制率为95.17%、对2龄幼虫的24和48 h校正死亡率分别为98.83%和100.00%,且杀虫活性稳定;盆栽试验发现,菌株C1发酵液50倍稀释液对番茄南方根结线虫的防效为73.24%;田间防病试验结果显示,菌株C1发酵液50倍稀释液对黄瓜南方根结线虫病的防效达82.67%,且产量较清水对照增产20.0%。【结论】菌株C1不仅对南方根结线虫病具有良好的防治效果,且能促进作物生长,可作为生物农药和肥料在农业生产中开发利用。  相似文献   
7.
Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha~(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)fertilizer(11.95%)hybrids(8.19%)irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)plant density(4.84%)fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.  相似文献   
8.
Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making. Datasets from a total of 5 408 field experiments were collected from 2000 to 2015 across the major wheat production regions in China to analyze the spatial distribution of wheat yield, the soil nutrient supply capacity(represented by relative yield, defined as the ratio of the yield under the omission of one of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) to the yield under the full NPK fertilizer application), and N, P and K fertilizer requirements by combining the kriging interpolation method with the Nutrient Expert Decision Support System for Wheat. The results indicated that the average attainable yield was 6.4 t ha~(-1), with a coefficient of variation(CV) of 24.9% across all sites. The yields in North-central China(NCC) and the northern part of the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLYR) were generally higher than 7 t ha~(-1), whereas the yields in Southwest China(SWC), Northeast China(NEC), and the eastern part of Northwest China(NWC) were usually less than 6 t ha~(-1). The precentage of area having a relative yield above 0.70, 0.85, and 0.85 for N, P, and K fertilizers accounted for 52.3, 74.7, and 95.9%, respectively. Variation existed in N, P, and K fertilizer requirements, with a CV of 24.8, 23.9, and 29.9%, respectively, across all sites. More fertilizer was needed in NCC and the northern part of the MLYR than in other regions. The average fertilizer requirement was 162, 72, and 57 kg ha~(-1) for N, P_2O_5, and K_2O fertilizers, respectively, across all sites. The incorporation of the spatial variation of attainable yield and fertilizer requirements into wheat production practices would benefit sustainable wheat production and environmental safety.  相似文献   
9.
分析了咸宁市农业产业发展现状及存在的问题,提出了未来一段时期加快相关产业发展的对策建议:坚持"一区引领,两带协同,三个全域"的总体发展思路,打造"产学研"一体的高新科技示范型试验区;南3县重点发展中药材、竹林、油茶、特色畜牧业,北3县重点打造平原湖区特色农业产业经济带;全域打造"世界香城"、全域发展生态渔业、全域推进"农业+".  相似文献   
10.
为了阐明氮肥用量对黑龙江省第二积温区粳稻生长及产量的影响,选取适宜于该积温区种植的20个粳稻品种/系为材料,对高低2个不同氮肥水平下粳稻的分蘖动态、叶绿素含量、干物重以及产量性状进行分析.结果表明,高氮肥施用量能够增加参试粳稻的分蘖数,提高分蘖期和抽穗期粳稻叶片叶绿素含量,促进干物质积累,但与低氮施用量间差异未达显著水平.对产量及其相关农艺性状的调查分析表明,不同氮肥施用量对有效穗数、穗粒数和实粒数3个性状影响较大,其变异系数均超过10.00%,且产量的变异系数也达9.63%.相关分析结果表明,2个氮肥用量下第二积温区粳稻穗部性状之间的相关性趋势基本一致,其中穗长与穗粒数、实粒数呈显著正相关;穗粒数与实粒数呈极显著正相关,与结实率呈显著负相关.  相似文献   
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