广西国有雅长林场植物群落多样性分析

物种多样性是反映群落结构和功能特征的有效指标,是生态系统稳定性的量度。通过对广西国有雅长林场东明分场部分区域进行野外调查研究,对野外物种多样性进行测定并对记录结果进行分析。结果表明:广西国有雅长林场东明分场马尾松林和杉木林的森林植被覆盖度较高,植物群落结构较为复杂,有利于保护生态结构多样性。     

农林废弃物超低酸水解装置及试验研究

自行设计了木质纤维素类生物质超低酸水解装置,该装置可以间歇进料方式实现生物质的超低酸水解。在该装置上分别以木聚糖和定量滤纸为模化物得到了半纤维素和纤维素水解的最佳工况,进而对白松、速生杨和玉米秸秆这三种在我国分布较为广泛的原料进行了超低酸两步水解研究,分别得到了51.24%、78.27%和84.10%的可水解原料转化率和48.19%、57.96%和37.48%总还原糖得率,并以GCMS定性还原糖外的其他产物,最后对水解残渣做了分析研究。     

Influence of the Flood-Control-Projects on the Hydrodynamic State of the Rivers Confluence in Chongqing

Though the Flood-Control-Projects along Yantze River and Jialing River in Chongqing may well improve the urban traffic and construction,it may change the river hydrodynamic characters.There may be two consequences,one is to reduce the size of cross section and the other is to change the river shape,such as the curvature radius.The phenomena of the local backwater and velocity variety are obvious,which result in some problems for the navigation: sediment,transport and so on.In this paper, the study object is the Flood-Control-Projects and Yangtse River and Jialing River,and the aim is to study the influence of the Flood-Control-Projects on the hydrodynamic state of the two rivers.Using the numerical technique,with the two rivers hydrodynamic model the flow field's change of river after completion of Flood-Control-Projects is simulated and the reasons caused by the change are analyzed.     

杧果蒂腐病菌潜伏侵染研究

对广西大学杧果园的两个杧果品种果树及果实不同时期带菌情况的调查结果表明，开花期之前一个月就有蒂腐病菌潜伏在春梢上。从各时期组织中至少分离到10种引起杧果果实腐烂的真菌，其中Dothiorella dominicana Pet.et Cif.、 Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.、Diplodina sp.为主要病原菌，Pestalotiopsis mangiferae (P.Henn.) Sutton.、Phomopsis mangiferae Ahmad 为次要病原菌，其它真菌只在一定情况下引起蒂腐病症状。D. dominicana.、B. theobromae和 P. mangiferae于开花期之前一个月潜伏侵染枝条，Diplodina sp.从幼果期侵入并潜伏至贮藏期发病，P. mangiferae从青熟果期开始潜伏侵染。     

木薯后期衰老对淀粉积累的影响

对新选056、南洋红、GR891、辐选01、华南124和新选048六个木薯品种生育后期抗衰老生理和淀粉积累特性进行研究。结果表明:不同木薯品种生育后期抗衰老生理与淀粉积累特性有明显差异,木薯后期茎叶生长状况对块根淀粉积累有明显影响,后期茎叶过早衰老或生长过旺对块根淀粉积累都不利。对抗衰老能力最强的是华南124,其次是辐选01和新选048,抗衰老能力最弱的是南洋红。其中新选056、南洋红、GR891、辐选01、华南124和新选048生育后期叶片过氧化物酶活性分别为383.93△OD470/gFw.min,279.33△OD470/gFw.min,405.20△OD470/gFw.min,445.97△OD470/gFw.min,364.43△OD470/gFw.min和202.20△OD470/gFw.min;丙二醛含量分别为0.0178μmol/gFW,0.0189μmol/gFW,0.0237μmol/gFW,0.0153μmol/gFW,0.0128μmol/gFW和0.0140μmol/gFW;可溶性糖含量分别为0.74%,0.70%,1.02%,0.84%,1.12%和1.30%;自由水/束缚水比值分别为3.07,4.77,6.85,3.64,2.57和3.11;块根淀粉含量分别为29.6%,25.8%,32.8%,32.7%,25.6%和28.9%。     

TiO2纳米粒子气固相光催化降解乙烯初探

该文对TiO2纳米粒子气固光催化降解果蔬贮藏环境乙烯技术进行了初步研究.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米TiO2薄膜作光催化剂,利用自行设计的气固光催化实验系统,研究了乙烯浓度、紫外光作用时间对光催化降解反应的影响,探讨了乙烯的光催化降解的动力学.结果显示:该研究所制备的TiO2锐钛矿型含量为48.766%,比表面积为47.186 m2/g,具有良好的光催化性能;光催化降解乙烯比直接紫外线光降解效果显著,光照10 min时光催化乙烯降解率比直接紫外线光降解提高23.76%;乙烯的降解率随着其浓度的增加而降低;乙烯的光催化降解的动力学可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程加以描述.     

基于光谱技术的畜禽污水化学需氧量快速测定方法的研究

化学需氧量(COD)是评价水体污染程度的一项重要综合性指标。随着环境污染问题的日益严重，传统的测量方法由于存在分析成本高、时间长，并且还会造成二次污染等问题，已经不能够满足污水检测的需求，提出了采用光谱技术进行畜禽污水COD快速测定的方法。采用ASD公司的便携式光谱仪，选用容积分别为1000 mL和2000 mL的烧杯作为盛样容器，对18个不同COD浓度水平的污水样本进行了测量。通过吸光度与水样COD值的相关性分析表明，水样的光谱特性与COD值之间存在较好的相关性，以此建立偏最小二乘回归模型。结果表明，两种不同盛样容器(1000 mL、2000 mL)下的预测决定系数达到0.9895和0.9985，校正样本标准偏差为14.2和11.5，预测样本标准偏差为22和32，预测相对偏差均在10％以下，能够满足农业工程应用的要求。说明可以利用光谱技术对畜禽污水的COD含量进行定量分析，COD预测模型的建立也将为开发水质在线检测仪器提供技术基础。     

Investigation of isomeric transformations of chlorogenic acid in buffers and biological matrixes by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole/ion mobility/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole/ion mobility/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (oa-TOF) mass spectrometry (UPLC-IM-MS) was used to study the isomeric transformations of trans-5-caffeoylquinic acid, an extremely active compound present in multiple vegetables, fruits, and beverages. The UPLC/oa-TOF MS results proved that in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), plasma, or urine sample, trans-5-caffeoylquinic acid first isomerizes to trans-4-caffeoylquinic acid and then to trans-3-caffeoylquinic acid by intramolecular acyl migration. When exposed to UV light, trans-3-, -4-, and -5-caffeoylquinic acids undergo cis/trans isomerization to form cis isomers. The isomerization was solely dependent on the pH of the matrix, as well as the incubation temperature, and was independent of metabolic enzymes. UPLC-IM-MS results revealed that a reversible cis/trans isomerization of caffeoylquinic acids could also be induced by the electric field in an electrospray source. Thus, understanding the possible role of electric field-induced isomerization of caffeoylquinic acids may help lessen the confusion between gas phase phenomena and liquid state chemistry when applying IM-MS analysis. The comprehensive understanding of caffeoylquinic acid isomerization transformations is crucial for the appropriate handling of samples and interpretation of experimental data.     

水稻野栽杂交受粉子房离体培养研究

对野生稻与栽培稻杂交受粉子房离体培养的试验结果表明，不同杂交配组类型的培养效果为：栽×栽（同一品种）＞栽×栽（不同品种）＞栽×野＞野×栽＞野×野。１６个水稻野栽杂交组合的结实率为０％～４７．４％。受粉子房离体培养时间以授粉２～３ｄ龄较为适宜。离体培养的水稻杂交受粉子房的发育有三种情况，即子房（胚胎）滞育或败育、结实和形成植株。胚继续培养有利于胚存活和发育与植株产生。在诱导产生的３８个植株中，未见白化苗