农田土壤重金属污染及修复技术研究进展

本文介绍了农田土壤重金属污染的主要来源,阐述了土壤重金属污染的主要修复技术及各项修复技术的特点、相关研究的进展等,提出今后土壤重金属污染修复的发展方向与措施,为土壤重金属污染修复技术提供借鉴。     

赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻光合酶活性及其产量形成的影响

为探究赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻叶片光合酶活性以及籽粒产量的影响,以‘轮选2号’为材料,采用田间二因素裂区试验设计,研究了不同磷肥用量水平(P₀:0 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₁:67.5 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₂:135 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅)和赤霉素(Gibberellin acid, GA₃)喷施浓度(G₀:0 mg L^-1,G₁:15 mg·L^-1,G₂:30 mg·L^-1)对胡麻光合同化酶活性、干物质积累量及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：施磷和喷施赤霉素均显著提高了胡麻叶片RuBP(Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate)、PEP(Phospho...     

尼克酸对酿酒酵母发酵生产燃料乙醇的影响

[目的]进一步优化燃料乙醇的生产条件。[方法]以玉米秸秆为原料,研究尼克酸对酿酒酵母发酵生产燃料乙醇工艺的影响。[结果]对于酿酒酵母发酵生产酒精,在发酵12h内,尼克酸对高压蒸汽下酸预处理后秸秆发酵产酒精量、还原糖的利用量有促进作用。[结论]尼克酸在一定条件下有利于燃料乙醇的生产。     

Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

浅谈企业文化与企业核心竞争力的关系

本文针对目前许多人把企业文化等同于企业核心竞争力的误区,从二者的内涵,作用机制,在组织中的形成过程等角度论述了二者的不同,并在此基础上,进一步说明二者的关系。     

高持水性成型有机栽培基质研究进展

基质载培是无土栽培的主要方式,被广泛应用在苗木栽培和生产中,近年来,利用农林废弃物进行有机栽培基质的生产成为研究热点。在有机废弃物中添加一定比例的保水材料进行高持水性成型有机栽培基质的研发和生产,对促进农林废弃物的基质化利用和林地生态修复具有重要意义。本研究在分析有机基质发展及实际应用中出现问题的基础上,综述了高持水性成型有机栽培基质的应用现状、基质的水分调制、基质对土壤的改良情况,指出了其存在的问题及今后的发展趋势,为今后栽培基质的发展提供思路。参72     

生物土壤结皮提高生态系统碳汇能力研究进展

生物土壤结皮是由土壤微生物、藻类、地衣和苔藓植物等孢子植物类群与土壤形成的有机复合体,具有极强的生态适应性,广泛分布于陆地生态系统中。对于生物土壤结皮的研究过去主要集中在干旱荒漠地区的生态修复方面,近年来研究发现,生物土壤结皮可以有效固定CO₂等温室气体,实现生态环境的良性循环。研究生物土壤结皮形成、发育过程的特点,合理推广利用生物土壤结皮,可以改善生态环境、提高固定CO₂效率和降低温室效应。文中综述了生物土壤结皮国内外相关研究最新进展,总结了生物土壤结皮的种类和对生态的积极作用,分析其对减缓温室效应的作用机理,并对未来研究重点进行展望,以加深对生物土壤结皮的认识,促进其在环境修复方面的推广应用。     

我国地方政府竞争中的对抗与合作模型分析

随着中央政府对地方政府权力的下放。使具有自身利益特性的各个地方政府像“经济人”一样在各个相应的领域展开竞争。并由此带来了一系列的问题。如何避免低水平，同质化的竞争，避免资源浪费，提高竞争水平，本文在研究吸收前人研充的基础上，试图从竞争战略的角度，对地方政府在争夺外资中的竞争优势作了简要分析．以期在理论层面上构建一个地方政府在吸引外资中的竞争优势模型，在一定程度上从本源上解决以上问题。     

二倍体和同源四倍体西瓜的DNA甲基化差异分析

为了解植物不同倍性之间的表现遗传差异，对3个西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）品种克西、中金和枚选的纯合二倍体和同源四倍体进行甲基敏感扩增多态性（MSAP）分析，10对引物共扩增546条带，其中，二倍体较同源四倍体材料之间有3条特异性条带，这些特异性条带无品种差异，系倍性不同所致。带型变化表明，同源四倍体较二倍体有DNA甲基化减少和单链增加现象，但从DNA甲基敏感多态性差异上来看，品种内二倍体和同源四倍体间的DNA甲基敏感多态性差异不大，仅0.02%左右。     

寿山芙蓉石

常被称为芙蓉石的石料有两类。一是石英石类的芙蓉石,是一种有油脂光泽或玻璃光泽,桃红色半透明至透明的石英块体。国内石英石类芙蓉石产于新疆、云南、内蒙等地,摩斯硬度值7,普通刀具无法雕刻,价格较低。另一类为叶腊石类。